World Trade Organization & Intellectual Property Rights History GATT Patents Trademarks Copyrights developed by GURJEIT SINGH

History

GATT

Patents

Trademarks

Copyrights

INTRODUCTION History Failed Proposals developed by GURJEIT SINGH

History

Failed Proposals

IDEA World War I (1914-1918) took life of 55 million people. Money spent has been estimated at more than $1 trillion. Bretton Woods Conference or United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference during World War II on July 1-22, 1944. Creation of the IMF, IBRD and GATT, organizations operational in 1945. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

World War I (1914-1918) took life of 55 million people.

Money spent has been estimated at more than $1 trillion.

Bretton Woods Conference or United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference during World War II on July 1-22, 1944.

Creation of the IMF, IBRD and GATT, organizations operational in 1945.

FAILED PROPOSALS International Trade Organisation To establish rules and regulations for international trade. GATT would be applied for several years until ITO came into force. Seven rounds occurred under GATT. The Uruguay Round 1994 established WTO as GATT's replacement. WTO adopted GATT’s principles and agreements. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

International Trade Organisation

To establish rules and regulations for international trade.

GATT would be applied for several years until ITO came into force.

Seven rounds occurred under GATT.

The Uruguay Round 1994 established WTO as GATT's replacement.

WTO adopted GATT’s principles and agreements.

FAILED PROPOSALS International Clearing Union Global bank whose job would be to regulate trade between nations. All international trade be done in its own currency called a bancor. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

International Clearing Union

Global bank whose job would be to regulate trade between nations.

All international trade be done in its own currency called a bancor.

GATT Introduction developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Introduction

GATT General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade Originated after World War II (1939-1945) GATT was signed by 23 nations at trade conference in 1947 and became effective in January 1948. GATT members worked to minimize tariffs, quotas, preferential trade agreements between countries, and other barriers to international trade. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade

Originated after World War II (1939-1945)

GATT was signed by 23 nations at trade conference in 1947 and became effective in January 1948.

GATT members worked to minimize tariffs, quotas, preferential trade agreements between countries, and other barriers to international trade.

GATT GATT was founded on the principle of nondiscrimination and the most-favored-nation (MFN). The Kennedy round (1964-1967) came to agreement on anti-dumping. The Tokyo Round deals with subsidies and countervailing measures, technical barriers to trade, import licensing procedures, government procurement and other non-tariff areas of concern. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

GATT was founded on the principle of nondiscrimination and the most-favored-nation (MFN).

The Kennedy round (1964-1967) came to agreement on anti-dumping.

The Tokyo Round deals with subsidies and countervailing measures, technical barriers to trade, import licensing procedures, government procurement and other non-tariff areas of concern.

WTO Meaning Goal Facts Principles Benefits Critics developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Meaning

Goal

Facts

Principles

Benefits

Critics

WTO World Trade Organization Organization for liberalizing trade. Function - trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. Goal - help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

World Trade Organization

Organization for liberalizing trade.

Function - trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.

Goal - help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.

WTO Facts Pascal Lamy (Director-General) Location - Geneva, Switzerland Established -1 January 1995 Created by - Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-94) Membership -153 countries July 2008 Budget -189 million Swiss francs 2009 developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Facts

Pascal Lamy (Director-General)

Location - Geneva, Switzerland

Established -1 January 1995

Created by - Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-94)

Membership -153 countries July 2008

Budget -189 million Swiss francs 2009

WTO Principles of Trading System Trade without discrimination Freer trade through negotiation Predictability through transparency Promoting fair competition Encouraging development developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Principles of Trading System

Trade without discrimination

Freer trade through negotiation

Predictability through transparency

Promoting fair competition

Encouraging development

WTO Benefits The system helps to keep the peace The system allows disputes to be handled constructively A system based on rules rather than power makes life easier for all Freer trade cuts the cost of living It gives consumers more choices, and a broader range of qualities to choose from developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Benefits

The system helps to keep the peace

The system allows disputes to be handled constructively

A system based on rules rather than power makes life easier for all

Freer trade cuts the cost of living

It gives consumers more choices, and a broader range of qualities to choose from

WTO Trade raises incomes Trade stimulates economic growth, a good news for employment The basic principles make system economically more efficient The system shields governments from narrow interests The system encourages good government developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Trade raises incomes

Trade stimulates economic growth, a good news for employment

The basic principles make system economically more efficient

The system shields governments from narrow interests

The system encourages good government

WTO Critics Fundamentally Undemocratic Tramples Labor and Human Rights Privatize Essential Services Destroying the Environment Increasing Inequality Hurts Poor, Small Countries in Favor of Rich Powerful Nations developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Critics

Fundamentally Undemocratic

Tramples Labor and Human Rights

Privatize Essential Services

Destroying the Environment

Increasing Inequality

Hurts Poor, Small Countries in Favor of Rich Powerful Nations

DDA Meaning Issues Benefit developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Meaning

Issues

Benefit

DDA Doha Development Agenda Current trade-negotiation round of WTO commenced November 2001. Objective, lower trade barriers around the world, which allows countries to increase trade globally. Differences are between developed nations and major developing countries over their maintenance of agricultural subsidies. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Doha Development Agenda

Current trade-negotiation round of WTO commenced November 2001.

Objective, lower trade barriers around the world, which allows countries to increase trade globally.

Differences are between developed nations and major developing countries over their maintenance of agricultural subsidies.

DDA Issues Agriculture Access to patented medicines Special and differential treatment Implementation issues Benefit Estimated world net welfare gains ranging from $84 billion to $287 billion by year 2015. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Issues

Agriculture

Access to patented medicines

Special and differential treatment

Implementation issues

Benefit

Estimated world net welfare gains ranging from $84 billion to $287 billion by year 2015.

IPR Introduction Types developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Introduction

Types

IPR Intellectual Property Rights Creative works that have economic value and are protected by law. Allow creator of patents, trademarks, copyrighted works to benefit from their own work of creation. Some are automatically protected by law from moment of their creation. Other types require creator to request specific grant of rights. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Intellectual Property Rights

Creative works that have economic value and are protected by law.

Allow creator of patents, trademarks, copyrighted works to benefit from their own work of creation.

Some are automatically protected by law from moment of their creation.

Other types require creator to request specific grant of rights.

IPR Types Patents Copyrights Trademarks Geographical indications Industrial designs/layout designs on integrated circuits Undisclosed information, including trade secrets developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Types

Patents

Copyrights

Trademarks

Geographical indications

Industrial designs/layout designs on integrated circuits

Undisclosed information, including trade secrets

developed by GURJEIT SINGH

PATENTS Introduction India’s Patent Law developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Introduction

India’s Patent Law

PATENTS Legal document granted by government, giving inventor the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell, or importing an invention for a specified number of years. A patent lasts for 20 years. First treaty to deal with international patent law was the Paris Convention of 1883 which was adopted by 20 countries of the world. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Legal document granted by government, giving inventor the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell, or importing an invention for a specified number of years.

A patent lasts for 20 years.

First treaty to deal with international patent law was the Paris Convention of 1883 which was adopted by 20 countries of the world.

PATENT India’s Patent Law Patent protection is territorial right. Governed by The Patents Act, 2005 is amended effective from January 1, 2005 & The Patents Rules, 2006 is amended effective from May 5, 2006. Use by the government or for government purposes is not infringement. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

India’s Patent Law

Patent protection is territorial right.

Governed by The Patents Act, 2005 is amended effective from January 1, 2005 & The Patents Rules, 2006 is amended effective from May 5, 2006.

Use by the government or for government purposes is not infringement.

TRADEMARK Introduction Functions India’s Trademark Law developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Introduction

Functions

India’s Trademark Law

TRADEMARK Any word, phrase, or symbol used by manufacturers or sellers to identify their goods and distinguish them from the goods of others. Throughout history, makers of goods have put their names or other marks on things they produce i.e. medieval swords and ancient Chinese pottery were marked with identifiable symbols. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Any word, phrase, or symbol used by manufacturers or sellers to identify their goods and distinguish them from the goods of others.

Throughout history, makers of goods have put their names or other marks on things they produce i.e. medieval swords and ancient Chinese pottery were marked with identifiable symbols.

TRADEMARK Functions It identifies the goods / or services and its origin. It guarantees its unchanged quality. It advertises the goods/services. It creates an image for the goods/ services. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

Functions

It identifies the goods / or services and its origin.

It guarantees its unchanged quality.

It advertises the goods/services.

It creates an image for the goods/ services.

TRADEMARK India’s Trademark Law Lasts for 10 years from the date of registration. Governed by The Trade Marks Act 1999 and The Trade Mark Rules 2002. Help consumers identify goods they have used and enjoyed in the past. Allow consumers to avoid goods and services that they dislike. developed by GURJEIT SINGH

India’s Trademark Law

Lasts for 10 years from the date of registration.

Governed by The Trade Marks Act 1999 and The Trade Mark Rules 2002.

Help consumers identify goods they have used and enjoyed in the past.

Allow consumers to avoid goods and services that they dislike.

developed by GURJEIT SINGH