Proactive Displays CSCW2008

The Context, Content & Community (C3) Collage: Sharing Personal Digital Media in the Physical Workplace Joe McCarthy, Strands Labs Seattle Ben Congleton, University of Michigan Max Harper, University of Minnesota

Outline
The problem: isolation, un[der]appreciation, disengagement in the workplace
A solution: connection, appreciation, engagement through proactive displays
What’s a proactive display?
An example: the Context, Content & Community (C3) Collage
Evaluation
Future plans / recent developments
(Slides available online at http://www.slideshare.net/gumption ) Recommended tag: cscw2008

The Problem
Employees feel un[der]appreciated
#1 reason people leave jobs (US Labor Dept)
2/3 of workers receive no recognition (Gallup)
Active disengagement costs US$300B / year
Employees feel disconnected
Lack of community in workplace
Us vs. them
Managers have less time, broader responsibilities
Difficult to manage frequent, sustained “personal touch”

Friendships at Work 30% of employees have a best friend at work (BF@W) 20% of employees dedicate time to building relationships at work Employees with a BF@W are 50% more satisfied with their company Employees with a BF@W are 7 times more likely to be engaged in their work

Maintaining Friendships through Social Media
ambient intimacy
“ being able to keep in touch with people with a level of regularity and intimacy that you wouldn’t usually have access to”
Leisa Reichert
http://www.disambiguity.com/ambient-intimacy/
http://www.slideshare.net/leisa/ambient-intimacy
continuous partial friendship
David Weinberger
http://www.hyperorg.com/backissues/joho-may04-07.html

Friendships through Social Media @ Work? @

C3 Collage: social media on proactive displays @ work http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5rU9cAiYsY

Proactive Displays + Online Profiles Physical Tokens + Large Displays Better Real-world Interactions Bridging the gaps between people by bridging the gaps between the online and offline worlds = Large visual or aural displays that can sense & respond to the people and activities taking place in their vicinity

1st Generation Proactive Displays MUSICFX MusicFX: An Arbiter of Group Preferences for Computer-Supported Cooperative Workouts Joseph F. McCarthy and Theodore Anagnost 1998 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW ‘98) A Multi-Agent System for Meting Out Influence in an Intelligent Environment M. V. Nagendra Prasad and Joseph F. McCarthy Eleventh Innovative Applications in Artificial Intelligence Conference (IAAI ‘99) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLgXLl4uGYk promoting awareness, appreciation and agreement on music in a fitness center

2nd Generation Proactive Displays Visual Awareness Location Tools (ACTIVEMAP & EVENTMANAGER) ActiveMap: A Visualization Tool for Location Awareness to Support Informal Interactions Joseph F. McCarthy and Eric S. Meidel First International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing (HUC '99) EventManager: Support for the Peripheral Awareness of Events Joseph F. McCarthy and Theodore D. Anagnost. Second International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing (HUC 2000) promoting greater awareness of the location and activities of coworkers

3rd Generation Proactive Displays UNICAST, OUTCAST, GROUPCAST: Ubiquitous Peripheral Displays UniCast, OutCast & GroupCast: Three Steps Toward Ubiquitous Peripheral Displays Joseph F. McCarthy, Tony J. Costa and Edy S. Liongosari Third International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2001) Promoting Awareness of Work Activities through Peripheral Displays Elaine M. Huang, Joe Tullio, Tony J. Costa and Joseph F. McCarthy 2002 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems (CHI 2002) promoting greater awareness of the interests of co-workers

4th Generation Proactive Displays Augmenting the Social Space of an Academic Conference Joseph F. McCarthy, David W. McDonald, Suzanne Soroczak, David H. Nguyen and Al M. Rashid ACM 2004 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2004) Proactive Displays: Supporting Awareness in Fluid Social Environments David W. McDonald, Joseph F. McCarthy, Suzanne Soroczak, David H. Nguyen and Al M. Rashid ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interactions (TOCHI), Vol. 14, No. 4, January 2008 promoting awareness and interactions at a conference AUTOSPEAKERID, TICKET2TALK, NEIGHBORHOOD WINDOW

4th Generation Proactive Displays (v 2) promoting awareness and interactions at a variety of events TICKET2TALK (@ Interrelativity)

5th Generation Proactive Displays The Context, Content & Community Collage: Sharing Personal Digital Media in the Physical Workplace Joseph F. McCarthy, Ben Congleton, F. Maxwell Harper To appear: ACM 2008 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2008) promoting awareness and interactions in the office THE CONTEXT, CONTENT & COMMUNITY (C3) COLLAGE

The Latest Generation of Proactive Displays
Shortcomings of previous efforts
Special-purpose sensors (IR badges, RFID tags)
Special-purpose profiles
Special-purpose installations
Goals of present / future efforts
Multi-purpose sensors (BT mobiles … NFC)
Multi-purpose profiles
Multi-purpose installations

A New Generation of Proactive Displays
Goal: increase the sense of community in the workplace
Method: open windows in shared physical spaces into the social media co-workers are creating
Situated Social Software (SiSoSo) [vs. Mobile Social Software (MoSoSo)]
Hypotheses
Adding a physical dimension of audience will promote greater social media usage
Social media sharing in the workplace will enhance personal relationships
Enhanced personal relationships will lead to more productive professional relationships
Challenges
Privacy / benefit tradeoff (usability vs. security)
Sustainable engagement (after novelty factor has worn off)
How to measure the impact? (measuring community, relationships)

Signup / Login

Select / Configure Module

Select Bluetooth Device(s)

Locations (mock-up)

Hardware & Software

Details
Location / proximity detection
Bluetooth sampling (MAC addresses, BT names)
Location server (separate component)
Priority queue management
New / old, near / far, 70/30
Display management
Firefox + Javascript
Flickr module
Ruby API
Remote administration
Process, power
Modular, flexible framework
Front-end (time / space sharing)
Back-end

Flickr API

Interactions with / through the displays

Interactions with displays

The Highest Rated Content (5 up votes)

Edge detection http://www.snopes.com/horrors/robbery/kidney.asp

Everything in moderation

Moderation: NSFW [ N ot S afe F or W ork]

Moderation: SFW

Evaluation: interactions through displays
Context
8 displays, deployed July 19, evaluated after 4 weeks
75 full-time / part-time residents
44 proactive display accounts (34 non-empty)
Perpetual alpha (location sensing, new modules, new features)
Hypotheses
Adding a physical dimension of audience will promote greater social media usage
Social media sharing in the workplace will enhance personal relationships
Enhanced personal relationships will lead to more productive professional relationships
Web-based Survey
Mix of multiple choice and open text questions
32 responses

Positive / Negative Impact (Personal / Professional)

A few choice comments
I was surprised by some of the photos taken by [a colleague]. I had no idea of his very diversified and, in some cases, adventurous interests, and his photos showed me a side of him I would have never realized. The photos also give you an appreciation of other people's interests and unique travels. I find the photos absolutely fascinating and a very strong method of bringing all of us closer.
I[t] was nice to see people putting up "themes". One person had a Star Wars theme, actually happening just by tags, but appeared to me as if a themed series of photos.
Somewhat negative: I was surprised to see a photo of my family (my husband and my two kids) with another female friend. They were all sprawled on the grass. It reminded me of a picnic we all had together. But it also made me self-conscious: what would other people think of seeing this scene. Who is the "mystery lady"? Positive: walking into the kitchen and spotting my daughter's happy face on the screen. It was a nice greeting! Positive: I am delighted to see other peoples pics of exotic places they visited. Negative: seeing a picture of a guy in his underwear. The face was not in the pics so I couldn't tell who it is. Somebody esle in the room "killed" the photo. Positive: seeing people cluster around displays. I like that!

Impact of Displays on Social Media

Types of interactions

Types of non-interactions (missed opportunities) Interviews S2 enjoyed learning about people, places (“Americana photos”) and cultures (“Finnish people have pictures of snow ”) from the stream of photos. S3 experimented with constructing Flickr search terms in his C3C account to reflect different themes, e.g., snow , lamppost, summer cottage, and was disappointed that no one seemed to notice or comment .

Influence of Rank & Role

Influence of Team Membership

Influence of competition Wii Tournaments

Future Work: Algorithms
Location / Proximity detection
Near / far
Proxemics
Incorporating meta-data
Folksonomy, Semiotics
Priority queue management
People, streams
Recommender System
Module management
Space, time, displays

Future Work: Modules
Other sources of content
Other interaction modalities
Other dimensions of experience

Future Work: Interfaces & Interactivity
Interfaces
Signup page
Display interface
Administrator interface
Interactivity
Authentication
Phones
Multi-touch
Other?

Recent Work @ Strands Labs Seattle: CoCo

New pilot site: Trabant Coffee (Seattle) http://gumption.typepad.com/blog/2008/08/the-community-collage-at-trabant-a-proactive-display-in-a-cafe.html (Google “community collage”)

CoCo in situ : a proactive display in a café

Related Work: Research (1)
Notification Collage (University of Calgary)
Public display + desktop displays
University research lab
Greenberg & Rounding, CHI 2001
PlasmaPoster (FXPAL)
Interactive community bulletin board
Corporate, conference, café contexts
Churchill, Nelson, et al. , C&T 2003, …
BlueBoard (IBM Almaden)
Shared display for collaboration
Corporate meeting space
Russell & Gossweiler, UbiComp 2001
CityWall (Helsinki IIT)
Multi-touch screen in city center
Flickr photos tagged with “helsinki”
Interactions with, vs. through, display
Peltonen, et al. , CHI 2008

Meme Tags (MIT)
Wearable, interpersonal displays
Academic sponsor meetings
Opinionizer (Sussex)
Shared display at social events
Interaction through typed input
Dynamo (Sussex)
High school setting
Interaction via USB disk
AgentSalon (ATR)
Interaction via PalmGuides (PDAs)
Conversations mediated by animated agents
Public and Situated Displays O’Hara, Perry, Churchill, Russell

Manhattan Story Mashup (Nokia)
Urban game: web + phones + screen
Times Square, New York
Tuulos, et al. , Pervasive 2007
ProD Framework for Proactive Displays (U. Mich)
Generic architecture for proactive displays
Congleton, et al. , UIST 2008
Twitterspace (Indiana University)
Large display in campus lounge
Dynamic visualization of group “tweets” (Twitter)
Hazlewood, et al., PDC 2008

Thanks!
For more information:
mccarthy AT strands DOT com
http://interrelativity.com/joe
http://gumption.typepad.com
http://www.slideshare.net/gumption
C3 Collage made possible by
Interns
Max Harper ( U. Minnesota )
Ben Congleton ( U. Michigan )
Jiang Bian ( Georgia Tech )
Context, Content & Community (C3) team
All our friends and former colleagues at Nokia [Research Center [Palo Alto]]

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Proactive Displays CSCW2008

by Joe McCarthy on Nov 10, 2008

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Proactive Displays CSCW2008 — Presentation Transcript