AIDS in the Developing WorldBy Michelle Janechekhttp://www.superstock.com/stock-photography/epidemics

BackgroundFirst noticed in June 19811982 Isao Miyoshi identified HTLV –related virus in Japanese macaque monkey’sFurther studies showed that in was found in both Asian and African Old World monkey’sHIV (human immunodeficiency virus)Retrovirus- transcribes from RNA to DNAAIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) a late stage of HIVAttacks the immune system-specificallyCD4 containing cellsRobert Gallo HTLV-3Luc MontagnierLAVBoth finally got credit for the discovery in 2001 discovered in the 1983.Montagnier found it first and Gallo linked it to AIDS

AIDS in the Developing World95% infected live in the developing worldMost who die are young adultsDeprive the economies of people need to make it thriveOverburden of health servicesTens of thousands dependent orphansIn the late 1990’s 4 of 5 women HIV positive lived in Africa and 87% of childrenIn 2004 20 million people have died and 8,000 people die each day because of AIDSIn India there are around 5 million people with AIDShttp://highschool.caminonuevo.org/Student_Website/Monzerrat_Leon/10th/Files/web%20page.htm

UgandaAt one time was the highest HIV infection ratesFirst African country to respond strongly to HIV/AIDS1989 69% 15-19 year old males had sex then in 1995 dropped to 44%.Women at the same age and time was 74% and dropped to 54% by 1995HIV rates appear to be decliningFirst case in 1984 but didn’t debate the issue until 1986.Promoted safe sex and limit sex partnersBy 2000 2.1 million people had HIV- about 15% of the populationWife inheritanceProstitutes along truck routesDifferent Approaches Kenya

Blood borne and sexually transmittedMany men leave their rural villages to work in the big cities or mines getting the virus from casual sex partners or prostitutesSpreading the disease to their spouses Displacement of young women in cities has increased commercial sex which lead to higher HIV/AIDS ratesIn South Africa alone 4.2 million people are infectedSpreading AIDS

Impact of AIDSContributing to the food crisis since many farmers –particularly women- are either too sick to plant and harvest or have diedSlowed GDP growthHealthcare costs rising dramatically Kept children out of schoolFamily incomes plungeGrowing work force turnoverhttp://www.classicistranieri.com/wikipediaschool/wp/a/Aids_Africa_A.htmx

HIV resistant Gene1 in 100 in the USAAlmost never found in Asians and AfricansHAART ( highly active antiretroviral therapy)3 drug treatmentARV (antiretroviral therapy)ExpensiveAverage annual costs for drugs are $12,000-15,000 per yearEven if the drugs were only $2 per day most Africans can’t afford themIs that ethical?Treatment

AIDS Ravages Africa (Special Report). Encyclopedia. Reproduced in 2000. Facts On File News Services. http://www.2facts.comGoering, Laurie. AIDS Epidemic is Overwhelming South Africa’s Financial System. Chicago Tribune Dec. 9, 2003. n.p. from SIRS knowledge source http://www.sirs.comGunther, Marc. 2004 Sept. 6. A Crisis Business can’t ignore. Fortune. Vol. 150 Issue 5. p. 72 From TOPICsearch database.Roleff, Tamara (Editor). AIDS Opposing Viewpoints. 2003 Greenhaven Press. Sachs, Jeffrey. The End of Poverty. 2005. The Penguin Press, New York.Weissman, Robert. Corporate Globalization and the Global Gap Between Rich and Poor. Multinational Monitor Vol. 24. July/Aug. 2003 No. 7/8 p. 9-22. from SIRS knowledge source http://www.sirs.comWexler, Barbara. AIDS/HIV. 2002. Gale Group, IncYount, Lisa (Editor). The Discovery of the AIDS Virus. 2003Greenhaven Press.Sources