Selenium Primer

Selenium–Functional Testing Tool by ThoughtWorks February 2007

Agenda
What is Selenium?
Implementing Selenium
Functional Primer on Selenium
Key FAQ’s
References and Contacts
Selenium-Functional Testing Tool Selenium-Functional Testing Tool

What is Selenium?
Selenium Overview
What can be done with Selenium?
What can’t be done with Selenium?
Selenium Components
The Selenium Testing Process
Selenium-Functional Testing Tool

Selenium Overview
Selenium is a framework for testing websites
Selenium tests run directly in a browser
A wide array of browsers supported by Selenium are Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Firefox on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh
Selenium uses JavaScript and I frames to embed a test automation engine in the browser
It work with any JavaScript-enabled browser
Selenium works with the following OS / Browser combinations:
Selenium-Functional Testing Tool 1.3+ 0.8+, 0.9+, 1.0+ 1.6+, 1.7+ Not supported Mac OS X 10.3 0.8+, 0.9+, 1.0+ 1.6+, 1.7+ Red Hat Linux 0.8+, 0.9+, 1.0 1.6+, 1.7+ 6.0 Windows XP Safari Firefox Mozilla Internet Explorer

What can be done with Selenium?
Browser compatibility testing
Test your application to see if it works correctly on different browsers and operating systems
The same script can run on any Selenium platform
System functional testing
Create regression tests to verify application functionality and user acceptance
Integration testing
Run tests and see results on the same page
Generate Defect Reports
Selenium can be extended using Java scripts
Selenium supports handling dynamically generated elements
Selenium supports testing applications built using Ajax

What can’t be done with Selenium?
Data driven Testing
Means that scripts read data from an external storage site, for example, from a file or database, rather than use values hard-coded in the script
Performance Testing
Load Testing
Test drag and Drop

Selenium Components
Selenium Core
Selenium IDE
Selenium RC

Selenium Core
Selenium Core is a test tool for web applications
Selenium Core tests run directly in a browser , just as real users do
Selenium Core uses a unique mechanism which allows it to run on so many platforms
Selenium Core is written in pure JavaScript/DHTML
You can copy Selenium Core tests directly into their application web server, allowing the tests to run in any supported browser on the client-side
You must have write access to the machine their web application server is running on to install Selenium Core


Selenium-on-Rails
Selenium on Rails provides an easy way to test Rails application with Selenium Core
This plug-in does four things:
The Selenium Core files don’t have to pollute /public, they can stay in the Selenium gem or in /vendor/selenium
No need to create suite files, they are generated on the fly — one suite per directory in /test/selenium (suites can be nested)
Instead of writing the test cases in HTML you can use a number of better formats like selenese(.sel), Rselenese(.rsel), HTML/RHTML
Loading of fixtures and wiping of session (/selenium/setup)

Selenium IDE
Selenium IDE is an integrated development environment for Selenium tests
It is implemented as a Firefox extension, and allows user to record, edit, and debug tests
It includes the entire Selenium Core, allowing user to easily and quickly record and play back tests in the actual environment that they will run
Selenium IDE is not only recording tool: it is a complete IDE
You can choose to use its recording capability, or you may edit your scripts by hand
With autocomplete support and the ability to move commands around quickly, Selenium IDE is the ideal environment for creating Selenium tests no matter what style of tests you prefer
Features are:
Easy record and playback
Intelligent field selection will use IDs, names, or XPath as needed
Auto complete for all common Selenium commands
Walk through tests
Debug and set breakpoints
Save tests as HTML, Ruby scripts, or any other format
Support for Selenium user-extensions.js file
Option to automatically assert the title of every page

Selenium IDE Selenium-Functional Testing Tool

Selenium Remote Control
Selenium Remote Control is a test tool that allows you to write automated web application UI tests in any programming language against any HTTP website using any mainstream JavaScript-enabled browser
It provides a Selenium Server , which can automatically start/stop/control any supported browser. It works by using Selenium Core , a pure-HTML+JS library that performs automated tasks in JavaScript
The Selenium Server communicates directly with the browser using AJAX (XmlHttpRequest)
User can send commands directly to the Server using simple HTTP GET/POST requests; that means that user can use any programming language that can make HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser
Finally, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy, to stand in between the browser and user’s website which allows a Selenium-enabled browser to run JavaScript on arbitrary websites
The Selenium Server is great for testing complex AJAX-based web user interfaces under a Continuous Integration system

The Selenium Testing Modes
The test management with Selenium involves:
Selenium Core Mode

Selenium Core Mode
Selenium Core scripts, also referred to as test cases , are written in HTML using a simple table layout shown in Listing 1
Listing 1. Selenium test case structure <table border="1">
<tr>
<td>First command</td>
<td>Target</td>
<td>Value</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Second command</td>
<td>Target</td>
<td>Value</td>
</tr>
</table>
Test runner scripts are usually deployed on the same server as the application under test (AUT). This is because the browser bot uses JavaScript's to emulate user actions. These scripts run in a restricted sandbox environment. If you need to circumvent these restrictions, use a proxy

Installing Selenium Selenium-Functional Testing Tool

Installing Selenium Selenium-Functional Testing Tool
Elementary knowledge of HTML
Working knowledge of JavaScript
Selenium configuration files
Ramp up
http://selenium.thoughtworks.com/download.html
How to download?
Click through Install
Installs Browser Bot – the automation engine of Selenium
Setup Open Source, freeware License/Price http://selenium.thoughtworks.com/index.html URL

Browser-Based Testing Survey of Selenium with other tools Selenium-Functional Testing Tool
Written by Rob Marchetti. Patterned after Samie
The author has an alpha version for VB as well
Active mailing list since July 2004.
IE Python Pamie
xUnit test framework designed for general web testing
Includes a GUI test runner front end
No mailing list
First release October 2002
IE JavaScript IeUnit
Acceptance testing framework. Includes a new "Internet Explorer bridge" which likely plugs into the IE API
Built on top of JUnit and fixtures are written in Java
Seems to focus on HTTPUnit, which is not a browser-based technology
Some background in the Acceptance Testing HTML white paper
IE XML Avignon Notes Browse Compatibility Test Case Language Tool

Browser-Based Testing Survey of Selenium with other tools Selenium-Functional Testing Tool
Used internally at Tapster Rock in the UK
Active mailing list.
IE Java Jiffie
Implemented in JavaScript
Works in several different browsers on Windows and Linux
Uses a FIT-like table interface and an object-based language reminiscent of Worksoft Certify and the latest release of Mercury QuickTest Pro, though it's not a complete keyword-driven framework
Requires extra work to avoid cross-site scripting security protections
Supports a variety of languages in RC mode
Sponsored by ThoughtWorks
IE, Mozilla, Fire fox, Safari Table-based Selenium
Written by Henry Wasserman
Also uses Win32::GUITEST
Mailing list is largely inactive, but the author is reachable
First release was February 2003.
IE Perl Samie Notes Browse Compatibility Test Case Language Tool

Selenium Vs QTP (Industry Comparison Matrix)
Each category in the matrix is given a rating of 1 – 5
1 = Excellent support for this functionality
2 = Good support but lacking or another tool provides more effective support
3 = Basic/ support only
4 = This is only supported by use of an API call or third party add-in but not included in the general test tool/below average
5 = No support
Selenium-Functional Testing Tool 1 4 Object Mapping 2 3 Data functions 1 5 Database tests 1 2 Web Testing 1 3 Record & Playback QTP Selenium

Selenium-Functional Testing Tool Selenium Vs QTP (Industry Comparison Matrix) 25 50 Total 1 2 Object Tests 1 4 Support 2 3 Ease of use 5 1 Cost 1 3 Integration 1 3 Environment support 2 2 Extensible Language 2 2 Object Identity Tool 1 3 Object Name Map 2 5 Test/Error recovery 1 5 Image testing QTP Selenium

Functional Primer on Selenium
Getting Started
Installing Selenium Core
Writing Test Case
Adding Test Case to Test Suite
Running Test Case
Generating Defect Reports
Commands
Demos

Getting Started
If this is your first time using a Selenium tool, you may not want to just use Selenium Core directly; one good way to get introduced to Selenium's features is to use Selenium IDE , which embeds Selenium Core internally
Download Selenium IDE and you'll get Selenium Core along with it

Installing Selenium Core
To use Selenium Core, you need to make it available from the same web server as the application you want to test
This is a JavaScript security requirement. If you can't/won't modify the web server you want to test, Selenium Core may not be the right tool for you; you may just want to use Selenium IDE or Selenium RC instead
Extract the Selenium Core zip file into the DocumentRoot, htdocs, or webroot of your web server
Open the browser
Click Install to install the Selenium

Writing Test Case
A test-case is represented by an HTML document written in "Selenese", containing a table with 3 columns, room enough for a command and two arguments
Not all commands take two arguments; in this case either leave the column blank or use a to make the table look better
Example:
Selenium-Functional Testing Tool John Name verifytext True submitbutton click John nameField type /mypage open MyTest

Adding Test to Test Suite
Make new test case available by linking to it from the TestSuite; for example:
<table id="suiteTable" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="1"> <tbody>
<tr><td><b>Test Suite </b> </td> </tr>
<tr><td><a href="MyTest.html">MyTest</a></td></tr>
...etc...
</tbody>
</table>

Run Test Case
Open selenium Core, following screen should be displayed:

Run Test Case (continued)
Locate the name of your test case in the Suite Panel (top left). Clicking on it should cause Selenium to load test into the Test Panel (top center). Now run the test by clicking the "Selected" button in the control area
Alternatively, click the "All" button to run the entire test suite
The Control Panel allows you to control how tests are executed

Generating Defect Reports
Click Show Log
Execute the script

Commands
A command is what tells Selenium what to do
Selenium commands come in two 'flavors', Actions and Assertions
Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application
Each command call is one line in the test table of the form:
Selenium-Functional Testing Tool Value Target Command

Commands (continued)
open ( url )
Opens a URL in the test frame. This accepts both relative and absolute URLs
The URL must be on the same site as Selenium due to security restrictions in the browser (Cross Site Scripting)
examples:
Open /mypage
open http://localhost/
click ( elementLocator )
Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the click action causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), use "clickAndWait".
examples:
Clicka Checkbox
clickAndWait submitButton
clickAndWait anyLink

type ( inputLocator , value )
Sets the value of an input field, as though you typed it in
Can also be used to set the value of combo boxes, check boxes, etc
examples:
Type nameField John Smith
typeAndWait textBoxThatSubmitsOnChange newValue
select ( dropDownLocator , optionSpecifier )
Select an option from a drop-down, based on the optionSpecifier
If more than one option matches the specifier (e.g. due to the use of globs like "f*b*", or due to more than one option having the same label or value), then the first matches is selected
examples:
Select dropDown Australian Dollars
Select dropDown index=0
selectAndWait currencySelector value=AUD
selectAndWait currencySelector label=Aus*lian D*rs

selectWindow ( windowId )
Selects a popup window
Once a popup window has been selected, all commands go to that window
To select the main window again, use "null" as the target
target: The id of the window to select
value: ignored
examples:
selectWindow myPopupWindow
selectWindow null
close ()
Simulates the user clicking the "close" button in the titlebar of a popup window
examples:
close
pause ( milliseconds )
Pauses the execution of the test script for a specified amount of time
This is useful for debugging a script or pausing to wait for some server side action
examples:
Pause 5000
Pause 2000
For More commands go to
http://release.openqa.org/selenium-core/nightly/reference.html

Demos
Demo 1 – Passing simple tests
Click http://www.openqa.org/selenium-core/selenium/TestRunner.html?test=../ajaxdemo/TestSuite.html
Demo 2 – Failing Some Tests
Click http://www.openqa.org/selenium-core/selenium/TestRunner.html?test=../demo/failing/TestSuite.html
Demo 3 - Ajax Testing
Click http://www.openqa.org/selenium-core/selenium/TestRunner.html?test=../ajaxdemo/TestSuite.html

Selenium – Key FAQ’s
How do you create test tables?

Key FAQ’s
How do you create test tables?
The developers on the Selenium project use Mozilla Composer to create plain HTML text files for their tests. By default, Mozilla Composer writes very clean HTML without any extra, unnecessary markup
You can also use Selenium IDE to write your tests scripts
Another option is any text/html editor to create test tables. Future versions of Selenium may support RST (Restructured Text), or wiki-table syntax, natively. However, you are free to use another format now, as long as you remember to generate the HTML files from your source files, either during your build process or dynamically at run-time

References & Contacts
References :
http:// www.openqa.org /selenium
Contacts :
Sapient
SME: Preeti Kakkar [email_address] +91-9811550015
QA Practice Lead: Gurmeet Singh [email_address] 240 353 1762

What else?
Questions
Next steps
Feedback

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Selenium Primer

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Selenium Primer — Presentation Transcript