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BÀI 6



  C NH TRANH Đ C QUY N
(MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION)


                             1




                                 1
M C TIÊU NGHIÊN C U

n   Đ c đi m c a th trư ng c nh tranh đ c quy n

n   Tr ng thái cân b ng trong ng n và dài h n

n   C nh tranh đ c quy n và c nh tranh hoàn h o

n   C nh tranh đ c quy n và phúc l i xã h i

n   Qu ng cáo
                                                  2




                                                      2
I. ð C ĐI M C A TH TRƯ NG
       C NH TRANH Đ C QUY N

n   S lư ng ngư i bán nhi u hay ít?

n   S n ph m là đ ng nh t hay khác bi t?

n   Vi c gia nh p và d i b th trư ng là d hay khó?




                                                 3




                                                     3
II. TR NG THÁI CÂN B NG
     TRONG NG N VÀ DÀI H N
2.1 Cân b ng trong ng n h n

n   Do có s khác bi t v s n ph m DN đơn l
    ph i đ i m t v i đư ng c u d c xu ng

n   Nguyên t c t i đa hoá l i nhu n:
       • Ch n m c s n lư ng mà t i đó MR = MC

       • S d ng đư ng c u đ xác đ nh m c giá

                                                4




                                                    4
Cân b ng trong ng n h n (ti p)
 P
                                     P
                                                                AC
                                                           MC
                           MC
                                AC    A          D
P*                C                  P*           C

A
 A             B


                                     D                              D

                      MR                              MR
             Q*                      Q          Q*

         a) DN có l i nhu n               b) DN b thua l
                                                                5




                                                                        5
2.2 Tr ng thái cân b ng dài h n

n   Khi DN hi n t i đang có lãi thu hút DN m i
    gia nh p tăng lư ng cung ng gi m c u
    c a m i ND đang t n t i đư ng c u d ch trái

n   Khi DN đang t n t i b thua l khuy n khích
    1 s DN r i b th trư ng nhu c u c a các
    DN còn l i m r ng đư ng c u d ch ph i
    (thua l gi m)

n   Quá trình gia nh p và r i b ti p di n khi các
    DN trên th trư ng có l i nhu n kinh t = 0
    cân b ng dài h n
                                                    6




                                                        6
Tr ng thái cân b ng dài h n (ti p)
                             MC
      P
                                       AC


       P*



     MC



                                     D = AR
                        MR

                Q*                         Q


  -Nh n xét:   P > MC    và       P = AC
                                               7




                                                   7
Gi i thích v quá trình đi u ch nh đ ti n
          t i tr ng thái cân b ng dài h n
 P
                                 P
                                                            AC
                                                       MC
                       MC
                            AC    A          D
P*            C                  P*           C

A
 A         B


                                 D                              D

                  MR                              MR
         Q*                      Q          Q*

     a) DN có l i nhu n               b) DN b thua l
                                                            8




                                                                    8
III. C NH TRANH Đ C QUY N VÀ
     C NH TRANH HOÀN H O

S khác bi t gi a tr ng thái cân b ng dài h n
  trên 2 th trư ng:
- C nh tranh hoàn h o: s n xu t t i quy mô hi u
  qu , t i thi u hoá AC, P = MC

-   C nh tranh đ c quy n: s n xu t th p hơn m c
    hi u qu (dư th a năng l c s n xu t), P > MC


                                             9




                                                  9
S khác bi t gi a tr ng thái cân b ng dài h n trên
                   2 th trư ng (ti p)
                         MC            P
P
                                AC                            MC

 P*
                                                               AC
                                P=MC
MC
                                                               P=MR
                                                              Đư ng c u

                              D = AR
                   MR

          Q*                     Q
               Quy mô                           Q* = Quy mô
               hi u qu                          hi u qu

      C nh tranh đ c quy n                 C nh tranh hoàn h o     10




                                                                          10
IV. C nh tranh đ c quy n và phúc l i
               xã h i
n   DN c nh tranh đ c quy n đ y giá lên cao hơn
    m c chi phí c n biên làm phát sinh t n th t
    t i tr ng
n     nh hư ng ngo i hi n g n v i s gia nh p:
         • nh hư ng đa d ng hoá s n ph m tích
          c c đ i v i ngư i tiêu dùng

       •    nh hư ng đánh c p th trư ng   tiêu
           c c đ i v i DN đang t n t i

                                                  11




                                                       11
T n th t t i tr ng (ti p)

                                 MC
        P
                                        AC


         P*



       MC               DWL



                                      D = AR
                            MR

                  Q*   Quy mô             Q

                       hi u qu                 12




                                                    12
C nh tranh đ c quy n và phúc l i xã h i (ti p)


                        K t lu n:

n   Th trư ng c nh tranh đ c quy n có đư c các
    đ c tính phúc l i c a th trư ng c nh tranh
    hoàn h o không?

n   Các nhà ho ch đ nh chính sách g p ph i khó
    khăn gì khi mu n đi u ti t th trư ng c nh
    tranh đ c quy n?


                                                     13




                                                          13
Đi u gì x y ra n u DN c nh tranh đ c quy n
bu c ph i gi m giá xu ng m c b ng v i MC?
                             MC
     P
                                    AC


      P*



     MC



                                  D = AR
                        MR

              Q*   Quy mô             Q

                   hi u qu                   14




                                                  14
V. Qu ng cáo
5.1 Cu c tranh lu n v qu ng cáo

 Hãy mô t m t chương trình qu ng cáo mà b n
 th y n tư ng nh t?
 Các qu ng cáo này có ích l i cho xã h i không?
 L i ích là gì?
 Các qu ng cáo này có gây lãng phí cho xã h i
 hay không? Lãng phí như th nào?
 Các qu ng cáo này tác đ ng ra sao t i kh
 năng mua hàng c a b n?
 B n ng h hay phê phán qu ng cáo?
                                                  15




                                                       15
Cu c tranh lu n v qu ng cáo (ti p)

Phê phán qu ng cáo

     Tác d ng tâm lý
     Ngăn c n c nh tranh

 ng h qu ng cáo

     Cung c p thông tin
     Thông tin hàm ch a trong s t n t i và chi phí
     Thúc đ y c nh tranh



                                                     16




                                                          16
5.2 Thương hi u
Phê phán thương hi u:
  Thương hi u là h u qu phi lý phát sinh t
  ph n ng c a ngư i tiêu dùng đ i v i qu ng
  cáo

 ng h :
 Thương hi u cho bi t thông tin v ch t lư ng
 Thương hi u t o cho các nhà doanh nghi p
 m t đ ng l c đ duy trì ch t lư ng cao



                                          17




                                               17

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Micro6 CạNh Tranh độC QuyềN

  • 1. BÀI 6 C NH TRANH Đ C QUY N (MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION) 1 1
  • 2. M C TIÊU NGHIÊN C U n Đ c đi m c a th trư ng c nh tranh đ c quy n n Tr ng thái cân b ng trong ng n và dài h n n C nh tranh đ c quy n và c nh tranh hoàn h o n C nh tranh đ c quy n và phúc l i xã h i n Qu ng cáo 2 2
  • 3. I. ð C ĐI M C A TH TRƯ NG C NH TRANH Đ C QUY N n S lư ng ngư i bán nhi u hay ít? n S n ph m là đ ng nh t hay khác bi t? n Vi c gia nh p và d i b th trư ng là d hay khó? 3 3
  • 4. II. TR NG THÁI CÂN B NG TRONG NG N VÀ DÀI H N 2.1 Cân b ng trong ng n h n n Do có s khác bi t v s n ph m DN đơn l ph i đ i m t v i đư ng c u d c xu ng n Nguyên t c t i đa hoá l i nhu n: • Ch n m c s n lư ng mà t i đó MR = MC • S d ng đư ng c u đ xác đ nh m c giá 4 4
  • 5. Cân b ng trong ng n h n (ti p) P P AC MC MC AC A D P* C P* C A A B D D MR MR Q* Q Q* a) DN có l i nhu n b) DN b thua l 5 5
  • 6. 2.2 Tr ng thái cân b ng dài h n n Khi DN hi n t i đang có lãi thu hút DN m i gia nh p tăng lư ng cung ng gi m c u c a m i ND đang t n t i đư ng c u d ch trái n Khi DN đang t n t i b thua l khuy n khích 1 s DN r i b th trư ng nhu c u c a các DN còn l i m r ng đư ng c u d ch ph i (thua l gi m) n Quá trình gia nh p và r i b ti p di n khi các DN trên th trư ng có l i nhu n kinh t = 0 cân b ng dài h n 6 6
  • 7. Tr ng thái cân b ng dài h n (ti p) MC P AC P* MC D = AR MR Q* Q -Nh n xét: P > MC và P = AC 7 7
  • 8. Gi i thích v quá trình đi u ch nh đ ti n t i tr ng thái cân b ng dài h n P P AC MC MC AC A D P* C P* C A A B D D MR MR Q* Q Q* a) DN có l i nhu n b) DN b thua l 8 8
  • 9. III. C NH TRANH Đ C QUY N VÀ C NH TRANH HOÀN H O S khác bi t gi a tr ng thái cân b ng dài h n trên 2 th trư ng: - C nh tranh hoàn h o: s n xu t t i quy mô hi u qu , t i thi u hoá AC, P = MC - C nh tranh đ c quy n: s n xu t th p hơn m c hi u qu (dư th a năng l c s n xu t), P > MC 9 9
  • 10. S khác bi t gi a tr ng thái cân b ng dài h n trên 2 th trư ng (ti p) MC P P AC MC P* AC P=MC MC P=MR Đư ng c u D = AR MR Q* Q Quy mô Q* = Quy mô hi u qu hi u qu C nh tranh đ c quy n C nh tranh hoàn h o 10 10
  • 11. IV. C nh tranh đ c quy n và phúc l i xã h i n DN c nh tranh đ c quy n đ y giá lên cao hơn m c chi phí c n biên làm phát sinh t n th t t i tr ng n nh hư ng ngo i hi n g n v i s gia nh p: • nh hư ng đa d ng hoá s n ph m tích c c đ i v i ngư i tiêu dùng • nh hư ng đánh c p th trư ng tiêu c c đ i v i DN đang t n t i 11 11
  • 12. T n th t t i tr ng (ti p) MC P AC P* MC DWL D = AR MR Q* Quy mô Q hi u qu 12 12
  • 13. C nh tranh đ c quy n và phúc l i xã h i (ti p) K t lu n: n Th trư ng c nh tranh đ c quy n có đư c các đ c tính phúc l i c a th trư ng c nh tranh hoàn h o không? n Các nhà ho ch đ nh chính sách g p ph i khó khăn gì khi mu n đi u ti t th trư ng c nh tranh đ c quy n? 13 13
  • 14. Đi u gì x y ra n u DN c nh tranh đ c quy n bu c ph i gi m giá xu ng m c b ng v i MC? MC P AC P* MC D = AR MR Q* Quy mô Q hi u qu 14 14
  • 15. V. Qu ng cáo 5.1 Cu c tranh lu n v qu ng cáo Hãy mô t m t chương trình qu ng cáo mà b n th y n tư ng nh t? Các qu ng cáo này có ích l i cho xã h i không? L i ích là gì? Các qu ng cáo này có gây lãng phí cho xã h i hay không? Lãng phí như th nào? Các qu ng cáo này tác đ ng ra sao t i kh năng mua hàng c a b n? B n ng h hay phê phán qu ng cáo? 15 15
  • 16. Cu c tranh lu n v qu ng cáo (ti p) Phê phán qu ng cáo Tác d ng tâm lý Ngăn c n c nh tranh ng h qu ng cáo Cung c p thông tin Thông tin hàm ch a trong s t n t i và chi phí Thúc đ y c nh tranh 16 16
  • 17. 5.2 Thương hi u Phê phán thương hi u: Thương hi u là h u qu phi lý phát sinh t ph n ng c a ngư i tiêu dùng đ i v i qu ng cáo ng h : Thương hi u cho bi t thông tin v ch t lư ng Thương hi u t o cho các nhà doanh nghi p m t đ ng l c đ duy trì ch t lư ng cao 17 17