3. Genetics Vocabulary Self-Pollination- When ______________ from a plant ______________________ an egg from the same plant (this is how pea plants normally reproduce.)
4. Genetics Vocabulary Cross-pollination- produces _______________ that are the offspring of two different plants . Pollen from one plant is dusted onto the ____________ of another. This allow scientists to manipulate which plants reproduce together.
5. Genetics Vocabulary True-breeding- if allowed to self- pollination ______________ peas would produce offspring ______________ to themselves. Tall pea plants only reproduce with tall for many generations
7. Genetics Vocabulary Hybrids – organisms produced by __________________ parents with different _____________________ Example- crossing a tall pea plant with a short pea plant.
8. Genetics Vocabulary Genes – The factors that ____________________ traits. Today we know these genes are located on specific sections of DNA.
20. The First Generation Cross (f 1 ) Mendel Crossed a purebred tall with a purebred short plant and got all tall plants! Step one = Define the Parents Genotype and Phenotype X Tall Short Phenotype = Genotype = TT X tt
21. The First Generation Cross (f 1 ) Step two = Set up the punnett square T T t t Mendel Crossed a purebred tall with a purebred short plant and got all tall plants! Phenotype = Genotype = Short X Tall Phenotype Genotype TT X tt
22. The Second Generation Cross (f 2 ) Mendel Crossed a two heterozygous Tall pea plants Step one = Define the Parents Genotype and Phenotype X Tall Tall Phenotype = Genotype = Tt X Tt
23. The Second Generation Cross (f 2 ) Step two = Set up the punnett square T t T t Mendel Crossed a purebred tall with a purebred short plant and got all tall plants! Phenotype = Genotype = Tall X Tall Phenotype Genotype Tt X Tt
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26. Sample Problem #1 A yellow pod plant is crossed with a heterozygous pod plant. What is the genotype and phenotype of the offspring?
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28. Sample Problem #2 A white flower pea plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive flower plant. What are the genotype and phenotypes of the offspring?
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30. Sample Problem #3 A heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant. What is the genotype and phenotypes of the offspring.
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32. Sample Problem #4 A color point cat is crossed with a heterozygous normal cat. What are the expected genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?
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34. Sample Problem #5 A homozygous tabby cat is crossed with a stripeless cat. What are the expected genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?
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36. Sample Problem #6 A heterozygous short haired cat is crossed with another heterozyogous cat cat. What are the expected genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?
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38. Trait Number of Students Demonstrat- ing Dominant Phenotype Number of Students Demonstrat- ing Recessive Phenotype Percentage Demonstrat- ing Dominant Phenotype Percentage Demonstrat- ing Recessive Phenotype Dominant Recessive Tongue Roller ( R ) Nonroller ( r ) Taster ( T ) Non-Taster ( t ) Free Earlobes ( E ) Attached Earlobes ( e ) Dimples ( D ) No Dimples ( d ) No 2 nd joint finger hair ( F ) 2 nd joint finger Hair ( f )
39. Two Trait Cross Mendel determined that alleles assort independently from each other, even when multiple traits are studied. Phenotype= 9:3:3:1 Genotype = 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1
40. The British Royal Family Human traits are difficult to study for several reasons. Unlike some organisms, which produce slowly and only a few offspring at one time. Thus human traits must be studied through population sampling and pedigree analysis. A pedigree is a diagram that shows the phenotype of different generations. Royal family tree
