Rethinking the Role and Funding of Academic Book Publishing – Frances Pinter

Rethinking the Role
and Funding ofAcademic Book Publishing
Frances Pinter
Publisher, Bloomsbury Academic
bloomsburyacademic.com

The
Gutenberg Press

Quality creation is not without cost

Funding Issues:
Monographs - an endangered species

Print Runs for Academic Books
3000
2000
1000
350
1980
1990
2000
2010

Humanitiesand
Social Sciences (HSS)

The Challenge:
How to fund
sustainable
open access
for scholarly books
‘the Long Form Publication’

STM journal open access model?
NO

STM journal open access model?
Getting to ‘first copy’ costs are too high
HSS research budgets are too small

New BUSINESS MODEL

What does the Academic Community still want from the old publishing model?

Independent verificationof quality

Branding
and
visibility

Editing and typesetting
Availability
in a variety of formats

MarketingandSelling

Curation

UC Berkeley Study:
Assessing the Future Landscape of Scholarly Communication

Problems with migrating to the fully paid-for eBook model:
Amazon Kindle
Sony eBook Reader
Barnes & Noble Nook
CybookOpus BeBook
ItalicaeReader
EgriverTouch
iLiadeReader
Elonex

Even the Apple iPadwon’t save us

Pressures on Academic
Community

Expanding Academic Ecosystem

Return on investment

Pressures on Academic
Publishers

Technology driven changes =
$

Authors still want services & royalties
and now
‘Free at the point of use’

Responses to this Pressure:

Publishers racing to invest in new digital systems
$$$

New Business ModelsNew Partners

Death to the New Models!
ALA meeting Jan 2010:
reality check

OAPEN CHANGE
List 6-7 partners form lower down page make close up of page

Plain
Vanilla
Ice Cream

Ice Cream
Cone

Ice Cream
Sundae

The Bloomsbury AcademicDigital Café

An experimental lab
Tools for collaboration
Added value
CC Licensing
Monetize
The Bloomsbury AcademicDigital Café

Doesn’t reduce getting to first copy costs
Duplicates the worst of distribution issues
and too many middlemen

Greco and Wharton:
University presses & open access

Funding Bodies
Libraries
Academics
Publishers

New Pathways for Existing Funds

Where is the Funding to be Found?

Research budgets?
NOtoo small

Central university funds?
NOtoo many other demands

Library budgets?
YES!

Rethink how libraries spend their book budgets

Create the International Library Coalition for Open Access Books (ILCOAb)

Build on existing library consortia

ILCOAb to
aggregate funds from libraries

Pay for fixed first copy costs & open access

ILCOAb Model
Publishers submit titles to ILCOAb
ILCOAb decides what to ‘purchase’
Publishers get to first copy stage
Publish as open access
Publishers sell content in print, e-formats etc

Monographs
$2 a copy?

OLD Print Model
A typical monograph:
400 copies sold to libraries
@ $80 per book

OLD Print Model
$
First copy costs 10,000
Print/bind, marketing/selling
Distrib, royalties, profit14,000Library Suppliers cut 8,000
Total cost to libraries 32,000

OLD Print Model
Getting to first copy cost represents 31% of price paid by the library

OLD Print Model
With our $80 book
the library pays $55 (69%) for
post ‘first copy’ costs

OLD Print Model
Worldwide market for HSS monographs = 10,000 libraries
Print reaches 4% of market

OLD Print Model
Market skimming
Market failure

ILCOAb Model
If 4% (400 libraries) join ILCOAb cost of getting to digital file = $25 ea
69% reduction on a print copy

ILCOAb Model
If 10% (1000 libraries) join ILCOAband pay $10 per title
87.5% reduction per title

ILCOAb Model
If 50% (5000 libraries) join ILCOAband pay $2 per title
97.5% reduction per title

Why Not?
Free-rider argument
Add extra metadata for members

Why Not?
Free-rider argument
Add extra metadata for members
Erosion of selection control
Consortia already purchase content

International Coalition of Library Consortia
Over 200 library consortia members around the world

Benefits to Scholars
More monographs published
Publishing expertise maintained
Full open access

Benefits to Publishers
Stay in business
Secure a strand of work
Concentrate on providing added value

Conceptual mind shifts
Uncouple
getting to first copy from other publishing functions and income streams

Conceptual mind shifts
Redefine the publishing function within the Scholarly Communications Ecosystem - beyond the traditional and into the future

Conclusion
Make better use of funds already available

The ILCOAbBUSINESS MODEL
a Way Forward

Rethinking the Role and Funding of Academic Book Publishing – Frances Pinter

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