Object Process Methodology (OPM) By: Ibrahim Sana

Agenda Definitions OPM-Introduction Notations Complexity management Case Study: Epaper Project OPM Evaluation Case tool OPCAT OPCATeam

Definitions

OPM-Introduction

Notations

Complexity management

Case Study: Epaper Project

OPM Evaluation

Case tool OPCAT

OPCATeam

Definitions for system “ A group of interdependent items that interact regularly to perform a task”(webopedia.com) “ A collection of components organized to accomplish a specific function or set of functions” (IEEE Std. 610.12-1990 ) System has two aspects: Structure (Static) Behavior (Dynamic)

“ A group of interdependent items that interact regularly to perform a task”(webopedia.com)

“ A collection of components organized to accomplish a specific function or set of functions” (IEEE Std. 610.12-1990 )

System has two aspects:

Structure (Static)

Behavior (Dynamic)

Methodologies types Methodologies can be classified into three categories Structure (OO) Example: Class Diagram,ERD Behavior (PO) Example: DFD, statechart Hybrids(OO and PO) Example:UML, OPM

Methodologies can be classified into three categories

Structure (OO)

Example: Class Diagram,ERD

Behavior (PO)

Example: DFD, statechart

Hybrids(OO and PO)

Example:UML, OPM

Object Process Methodology (Dori,2002a) Developed by Dov Dori in 2002 Holistic methodology that c overs structure and behavior of systems using a single mode Motivation: Unbalanced structure-behavior representation Model multiplicity problem (Peleg et al, 2000) Bi-model representations Graphical: Object-Process Diagrams (OPD) Textual: Object-Process Language (OPL)

Developed by Dov Dori in 2002

Holistic methodology that c overs structure and behavior of systems using a single mode

Motivation:

Unbalanced structure-behavior representation

Model multiplicity problem (Peleg et al, 2000)

Bi-model representations

Graphical: Object-Process Diagrams (OPD)

Textual: Object-Process Language (OPL)

Processing is environmental . An attribute that determines whether the thing is environmental (external to the system, dashed contour) or systemic. Affiliation Processing is physical . An attribute that determines whether the thing (object or process) is physical (shaded) or informational. Essence Processing is a process . * A thing representing a pattern of transformation that objects undergo. Process Object Name is an object . * A thing (entity) that has the potential of stable, unconditional physical or mental existence. Object Description / OPL sentence Symbol Thing / Attribute

OPM Entities Object (thing) has potential of existence for some positive duration of time State (entity) a situation at which the object can exist for some time. Process a pattern of changing that transforms one or more objects by changing their state or by creating or destroying them Objects and processes (Things) are two types of equally important things (entities) required to describe a system in a single, unifying model

Object (thing) has potential of existence for some positive duration of time

State (entity) a situation at which the object can exist for some time.

Process a pattern of changing that transforms one or more objects by changing their state or by creating or destroying them

Objects and processes (Things) are two types of equally important things (entities) required to describe a system in a single, unifying model

The System structure Structure: the stable aspect of the system Object/Process associated with structural relations Structural relations General relation Tagged structural links Fundamental relations Aggregation-Particulation Featuring-Characterization Generalization-Specialization

Structure: the stable aspect of the system

Object/Process associated with structural relations

Structural relations

General relation

Tagged structural links

Fundamental relations

Aggregation-Particulation

Featuring-Characterization

Generalization-Specialization

General relation Tagged structural links Unidirectional Bidirectional

Tagged structural links

Unidirectional

Bidirectional

Fundamental relations Aggregation-Particulation Featuring-Characterization Generalization-Specialization

Aggregation-Particulation

Featuring-Characterization

Generalization-Specialization

The System Behavior Behavior: the dynamic aspect of the system Objects and Process associated with procedural links Procedural Links Enabling link Transformation link

Behavior: the dynamic aspect of the system

Objects and Process associated with procedural links

Procedural Links

Enabling link

Transformation link

Enablers and Enabling link Enabler: is an object that must be present in order for that process to occur but is not transformed by the process Enabling link: Agent Instrument

Enabler: is an object that must be present in order for that process to occur but is not transformed by the process

Enabling link:

Agent

Instrument

Transformation links Effect Link :connects a process with its affected object or with the affected object states. Consumption Link: connects a process with a consumed object of that process Result Link: connects a process with a resulting object of that process

Effect Link :connects a process with its affected object or with the affected object states.

Consumption Link: connects a process with a consumed object of that process

Result Link: connects a process with a resulting object of that process

Complexity management Completeness vs. Clarity OPM scaling mechanism Unfolding/Folding for structural relations Zooming-in/Zooming out for procedural relations State expressing/suppressing

Completeness vs. Clarity

OPM scaling mechanism

Unfolding/Folding for structural relations

Zooming-in/Zooming out for procedural relations

State expressing/suppressing

Case Study : Epaper Project Aggregating news content from several providers Content management Building subscribers profiles Initial profile (content-based) Collaborative filtering Sending news items that matching the user’s profile

Aggregating news content from several providers

Content management

Building subscribers profiles

Initial profile (content-based)

Collaborative filtering

Sending news items that matching the user’s profile

OPM model SD: High level view OPD OPL

SD: High level view

OPM Model cont. SD1.1 (Zooming-In) SD1.1 OPL

SD1.1 (Zooming-In)

Case Study cont . SD1.1 :Item aggregating

SD1.1 :Item aggregating

Case Study cont. Item Managing (SD1.1)

Item Managing (SD1.1)

Case Study cont. Item Delivering (SD1.1)

Item Delivering (SD1.1)

OPM map SD SD1 SD1.1 SD1.2 SD1.3

OPM vs. UML UML has multiple-views Each view specifies a different aspect The diagram types are divided into: Structural diagrams Procedural diagrams

UML has multiple-views

Each view specifies a different aspect

The diagram types are divided into:

Structural diagrams

Procedural diagrams

UML views Use Case Diagrams Use Case Diagrams Use Case Diagrams Scenario Diagrams Scenario Diagrams Collaboration Diagrams State Diagrams State Diagrams Component Diagrams Component Diagrams Component Diagrams Deployment Diagrams State Diagrams State Diagrams Object Diagrams Scenario Diagrams Scenario Diagrams Statechart Diagrams Use Case Diagrams Use Case Diagrams Sequence Diagrams State Diagrams State Diagrams Class Diagrams Activity Diagrams Models

OPM vs. UML OPM : Process is an entity that uniformly represents patterns of behavior UML : Behavior of the system can be spread across five diagram types OPM : System’s structure and behavior are specified side-by-side, enabling one to see the whole picture in a single view UML : System’s structure and behavior are specified at different and separate views

OPM : Process is an entity that uniformly represents patterns of behavior

UML : Behavior of the system can be spread across five diagram types

OPM : System’s structure and behavior are specified side-by-side, enabling one to see the whole picture in a single view

UML : System’s structure and behavior are specified at different and separate views

OPM vs. UML OPM : No need for mental transformations and integration across different views UML : Need to validate consistency among the various views OPM :25 symbols UML : 150 symbols (Dori,2002)

OPM : No need for mental transformations and integration across different views

UML : Need to validate consistency among the various views

OPM :25 symbols

UML : 150 symbols (Dori,2002)

UML vs. OPM experiment (Iris,2002) The subjects: 3rd year students at the Technion The experiment took place during the final examination of the course “Specification and Analysis of IS” (spring, 2002) Tasks

The subjects: 3rd year students at the Technion

The experiment took place during the final examination of the course “Specification and Analysis of IS” (spring, 2002)

Tasks

Experiment Design Task2 OPM Model UML Model Task1 OPM Model UML Model Task1 Task2 UML OPM Group1: Group2: Task1 Task2 OPM UML

Experiment Design They learned OPM for two weeks and UML for five weeks Neutral course stuff Five diagrams followed by 8 comprehension questions and one modeling problem Identical questions per task Questions related to the system structure, dynamic, and distribution Fair grading policy

They learned OPM for two weeks and UML for five weeks

Neutral course stuff

Five diagrams followed by 8 comprehension questions and one modeling problem

Identical questions per task

Questions related to the system structure, dynamic, and distribution

Fair grading policy

Hypothesis UML class diagram would better serve subjects who are looking for answers to questions related to the structural parts of a given system OPM will be more adequate than UML for understanding the dynamic aspect of the system and the complex relations among various system modules OPM expected to e more correctly and more easily applied than UML for modeling complex, dynamic applications

UML class diagram would better serve subjects who are looking for answers to questions related to the structural parts of a given system

OPM will be more adequate than UML for understanding the dynamic aspect of the system and the complex relations among various system modules

OPM expected to e more correctly and more easily applied than UML for modeling complex, dynamic applications

Results

OPCAT (www.opcat.com) OPCAT (Object-Process CAse Tool) has been developed as a CASE tool to support the Object-Process Methodology. Graphic and textual representation, jointly express the same OPM model OPL serves human as well as machine OPCAT provide an advanced simulation tool OPCAT enable code generation (using OPL) OPCAT enable UML diagrams generation

OPCAT (Object-Process CAse Tool) has been developed as a CASE tool to support the Object-Process Methodology.

Graphic and textual representation, jointly express the same OPM model

OPL serves human as well as machine

OPCAT provide an advanced simulation tool

OPCAT enable code generation (using OPL)

OPCAT enable UML diagrams generation

OPCAT overview Entities Structural links Procedural links

Simulation by animation

OPCATeam Project (Beimel,2004) OPM-based Collaborative Systems Modeling Create collaborative environment, where teams of modelers collaborate in analysis, design, and implementation of systems using OPM. Multi users, Client-Server architecture. Users can simultaneously update the models, through the clients according to their access permissions. Includes a version control function that logs updates and enables revision control.

OPM-based Collaborative Systems Modeling

Create collaborative environment, where teams of modelers collaborate in analysis, design, and implementation of systems using OPM.

Multi users, Client-Server architecture.

Users can simultaneously update the models, through the clients according to their access permissions.

Includes a version control function that logs updates and enables revision control.

References Peleg, M. and Dori, D. The Model Multiplicity Problem: Experimenting with Real-Time Specification Methods. IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering, 26 (8), pp. 742–759,2000. Dori, D. Object-Process Methodology – A Holistic Systems Paradigm, Springer Verlag,Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 2002. Dori, D. Reinhartz-Berger, I. and Sturm A. OPCAT – A Bimodal Case Tool for Object-Process Based System Development. 5th International Conference on EnterpriseInformation Systems (ICEIS 2003), pp. 286–291, 2003. Software download site:http://www.objectprocess.org Iris Reinhartz-Berger and Dov Dori, OPM vs. UML - Experimenting with Comprehension and Construction of Web Application Models.Empirical Software Engineering 10, 1, pp. 57-80, 2005.

Peleg, M. and Dori, D. The Model Multiplicity Problem: Experimenting with Real-Time Specification Methods. IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering, 26 (8), pp. 742–759,2000.

Dori, D. Object-Process Methodology – A Holistic Systems Paradigm, Springer Verlag,Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 2002.

Dori, D. Reinhartz-Berger, I. and Sturm A. OPCAT – A Bimodal Case Tool for Object-Process Based System Development. 5th International Conference on EnterpriseInformation Systems (ICEIS 2003), pp. 286–291, 2003. Software download site:http://www.objectprocess.org

Iris Reinhartz-Berger and Dov Dori, OPM vs. UML - Experimenting with Comprehension and Construction of Web Application Models.Empirical Software Engineering 10, 1, pp. 57-80, 2005.