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Seeds of Innovation
in Near East and North Africa
                        Nadim Khouri (Director)
          Mylène Kherallah (Regional Economist)
      Claudio Casadio-Tarabusi (KM Consultant)
         Near East and North Africa Division, PMD
Table of Contents


•   Refinancing in Armenia, Macedonia, Moldova
•   Contract Farming for Export in Egypt
•   Water Harvesting in Sudan
•   Range Management in Morocco
•   Rural Microfinance in Syria
•   Traditional Handicraft Jobs in Tunisia
•   Farm Privatization in Azerbaijan
•   Rural Microfinance in Jordan
•   Reviving Rural Areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina
•   Rural Microfinance in Gaza and the West Bank
•   Locating Groundwater in Somalia
•   Land De-Rocking in Syria
•   Agricultural Consulting in Macedonia
•   Natural Gas Supply in Armenia
•   Farming System Research in Egypt
Refinancing in Armenia, Macedonia, Moldova



INNOVATION: Loan Delivery Mechanism

          IFAD                                                      Rural
                                             1. Loan                Client
                                                Application
   Loan

                                                          4. Loan
                                      Participating
                                      Participating          Disbursement
      Government
      Government                        Financial
                                        Financial
                                       Institution
                                       Institution
                 2. Refinancing
   Loan             Application

                              3. Refinancing
                                 Disbursement
     Refinancing
     Refinancing
       Facility
       Facility
Refinancing in Armenia, Macedonia, Moldova



OUTREACH (as of December 2008)

Cumulative refinancing                  Average loan size           In-time recovery rate

       US$ 7.1 m                                   US$ 40,100                         98.0%
       (since 2006)


             € 11.5 m                         € 6,300                                96.0%
             (since 2003)


          US$ 22.6 m                              US$ 37,950                          98.5%
          (since 2001)




Main purpose of loans
                                                   Legend:
              32% Livestock
                                                        Armenia

                            63% Livestock               Macedonia

                                                        Moldova
                 38% Agricultural machinery
Refinancing in Armenia, Macedonia, Moldova



RESULTS (as of December 2008)
Armenia:
   +26% of sales in two years
   +63% of workers in dairy industry, +24% in wine industry
   +168% of revenues in small farm households in first year

Macedonia:
   +19% of workers in first year, +41% of part-time (mainly women) workers
   +30% of family business income for farmer borrowers in first year

Moldova:
   2,000 new jobs created from 2001 to 2005
   8,500 farmers and 220 large farming enterprises gained
   access to markets
   26,500 rural households benefited from leasing land to
   larger-scale farmers
Contract Farming for Export in Egypt



INNOVATION: Support to the Key Role of FMAs
                                                      Export
        IFAD                                          Markets
     Assistance & Training


                Farmers
                 Farmers     Contract   Exporter //
                                        Exporter
                Marketing
                Marketing               Processor
                                        Processor
               Association
               Association




        Small
       Farmer
Contract Farming for Export in Egypt



OUTREACH (as of April 2009)

Membership of established Farmers Marketing Associations (FMAs)

               Tiba                                               3,765 members


          El-Bustan                              2,575 members


    Bangar Al Sokar                      2,040 members


            Entelak                 1,884 members


         El-Hamam        1,227 members


      West Noubaria   947 members
Contract Farming for Export in Egypt



RESULTS (as of April 2009)
     Contract
   b/w FMA and            Products           Extent       Export to
                         sweet peppers,      31 acres
       Kenana                                                Italy
                       sun-dried tomatoes   15 farmers
   Kenana, Sekam           artichokes       1,943 acres     Europe
                                            1,246 acres
        Heinz          sun-dried tomatoes                 Worldwide
                                            300 farmers
    El Maghraby           table grapes        80 tons       Europe
                                              8 acres
     Almaghrabi             raisins                         Europe
                                             3 farmers
                            apricots         157 tons
  Hero, Cairo Food                                          Europe
                            peaches           54 tons
  Radwan Brothers         green beans        300 tons        Syria
                                             311 acres
       Arnaut               peanuts                       Switzerland
                                            80 farmers
                                            1,375 acres
  Agro Food (et al.)    organic potatoes                     Italy
                                            323 farmers
Water Harvesting in Sudan



INNOVATION: Farmer-led Technological Change
                                           Surge in
       IFAD                              Productivity
                        Demonstration
                        Demonstration
                             &&
                        Dissemination
                        Dissemination
        FAO

       Sudan’s
      Sudan’s
     Agricultural
     Agricultural           New Water
                            New Water
      Research
      Research              Harvesting
                            Harvesting
     Corporation
     Corporation            Technique
                            Technique


       Small
      Farmers
Water Harvesting in Sudan



OUTREACH

Farmers who adopted the water harvesting technique (cumulated)



       2006                                                      3,229 men   115 women



       2005                           1,781 men   68 women



       2004 432 men        32 women



       2003      5 women
              30 men
Water Harvesting in Sudan



RESULTS
Average productivity in sorghum production

              New                                           872 kg/acre
         technique


        Traditional        80 kg/acre
         technique



Average area cultivated with sorghum

              New                   2.6 acres
         technique


        Traditional
         technique                              8.5 acres
Range Management in Morocco



INNOVATION: Community-Based Approach
                                                             Improved
                                                            Rangeland,
       Guiding principles:
       Guiding principles:                                 Livestock and
       • creating tribal-based cooperatives
       • creating tribal-based cooperatives                 Livelihoods
       • empowering cooperatives
       • empowering cooperatives
       • requiring members to buy “social shares”
       • requiring members to buy “social shares”
       • promoting pastoralists’ mobility
       • promoting pastoralists’ mobility
       • promoting consensual decision-making
       • promoting consensual decision-making




                       Moroccan
     IFAD             Government                    AfDB
Range Management in Morocco



 OUTREACH

 Project achievement rates (% of target)


Soil conservation                                 208%

     Fuel woods                             96%

    Dune fixation                          95%

  Shrub planting                      84%

Deferred grazing              61%

       Scarifying   24%

      Reseeding      10%
Range Management in Morocco



RESULTS
Increase in dry matter in the project area

               Post-                                               800 kg/ha
             project


                Pre-                150 kg/ha
             project



Improved livestock:
    +10% in the fertility and -66% in the mortality rate of ewes


Improved access to water:
    -48% in the average distance from watering points
Rural Microfinance in Syria



INNOVATION: “Sanduq” (Saving Box)

         IFAD                          UNDP
                                                           Small
                                                          Business
                                                          Creation

    Principles of the Sanduq approach:
    Principles of the Sanduq approach:
    • cultural, organizational, financial self-reliance
    • cultural, organizational, financial self-reliance
    • autonomy in decision-making
    • autonomy in decision-making
    • sustainability
    • sustainability
    • outreach to the poor
    • outreach to the poor
Rural Microfinance in Syria



OUTREACH (as of December 2008)

Number of sanadiq established


       Jebel al-Hoss                          30



               Idleb                     20



Membership:        4,000 men and women

Number of loans: 1,400

Average loan size: US$ 566

Repayment rate:    100%
Rural Microfinance in Syria



RESULTS

Women:
• represent 41% of sanadiq members
• hold 40% of sanadiq share capital
• represent 33% of sanadiq borrowers
• account for 29% of sanadiq outstanding loans


Access to finance has allowed women to establish their own business, such as:
• fattening sheep
• raising cows
• opening small shops
• renting land to plant cash crops
Traditional Handicraft Jobs in Tunisia



INNOVATION: Reviving “Al margoum” (Embroidery)

    Tunisian Solidarity
    Tunisian Solidarity                              New Small
           Bank
           Bank
                                                    Enterprises
                           Loan
          Fund for
          Fund for
      Advancement of
      Advancement of                     Women
                                         Women
        Traditional
         Traditional       Loan        Receiving
                                        Receiving
   Industries and Small
    Industries and Small               Work Cards
                                       Work Cards
        Enterprises
        Enterprises




          IFAD                     11-month
                                   11-month
                                    Training
                                   Training
                                  Programme
                                  Programme
          OFID
Traditional Handicraft Jobs in Tunisia



RESULTS

Jobs created:

• 39 young women established their own home-based small enterprises

• 20 young women were employed in a needlework centre

• 3 young men and 1 young woman were trained as tourist guides



Other young people:

• established a rest house and restaurant for tourists

• established a shop to sell the Al margoum products
Traditional Handicraft Jobs in Tunisia



MARKETING SUPPORT

The project team:

• trained young women in product design so that they could diversify their production offerings

• helped women participate in the Al-Karm Fair in Tunis

• entered into partnership with the local municipality to establish a market for traditional industries

• improved the roads to Guermassa to facilitate tourism

• arranged for Guermassa to be listed in the tourist guide

• established a quality mark for original Al margoum products

• launched an internet site about Guermassa
Farm Privatization in Azerbaijan



INNOVATION: Land + Services

        IFAD                        IDA

                                                    Surge in
                                                  Productivity

       Farm privatization and support services:
       Farm privatization and support services:
       • land registration
       • land registration
       • farm information and advisory services
       • farm information and advisory services
       • support to water users’ associations
       • support to water users’ associations
       • rural credit
       • rural credit
       • rehabilitation of water supply
       • rehabilitation of water supply
       • community development programmes
       • community development programmes
Farm Privatization in Azerbaijan



OUTREACH

Households with land           Average land plot size


  1997           78.4%           1997     0.2 ha



  2003                   97%     2003                 1.6 ha



Households with livestock      Average herd size


  1997           75.8%           1997     1.9 cows



  2003             86.3%         2003                3.2 cows
Farm Privatization in Azerbaijan



RESULTS
Decline in rural poverty

        1997                                        66%



        2003                                  43%



Between 1997 and 2003:

• 50-100% increase in crop yields

• 40% increase in cropping intensity

• agriculture absorbed 400,000 new entrants
Rural Microfinance in Jordan



INNOVATION: Familiarizing Women with Borrowing

                                                      New Small
                                                     Enterprises
                                 Rural Women
                                 Rural Women
                                 Entrepreneur
                                 Entrepreneur
                     Training

        IFAD                      Line of Credit
                      Loan
                                Agriculture Credit
                                Agriculture Credit
        OFID          Loan        Corporation
                                  Corporation

    Abu Dhabi Fund    Loan
    Abu Dhabi Fund
Rural Microfinance in Jordan



RESULTS

Increase in annual per capita income


        2000                                            US$ 625



        2008                                                      US$ 825



• >800 people received credit to establish microenterprises

• 77% of them are still operational and repay loans regularly

• 91% of the established microenterprises are led by women
• for 38% of the women beneficiaries, rural microenterprises
  represent the predominant source of income
Rural Microfinance in Jordan



MARKETING SUPPORT

The project team:


• helped beneficiaries participate in agricultural fairs and bazaars

• carried out training courses for beneficiaries on marketing and production management

• helped beneficiaries improve their storage techniques to sell products at higher prices

• conducted market research surveys

• connected beneficiaries to local markets

• encouraged women to set up marketing cooperatives
Reviving Rural Areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina



INNOVATION: Integrated Package of Activities

         IFAD                         OFID
                                                        Revived
                                                          Rural
                                                        Economy

    Main project activities:
    Main project activities:
    • establishment of producers’ associations (PAs)
    • establishment of producers’ associations (PAs)
    • training sessions to farmers
    • training sessions to farmers
    • credit to buy livestock and develop enterprises
    • credit to buy livestock and develop enterprises
    • advice to small private diaries
    • advice to small private diaries
    • reconstruction of community infrastructures
    • reconstruction of community infrastructures
    • promotion of savings and credit associations
    • promotion of savings and credit associations
Reviving Rural Areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina



OUTREACH

Members of PAs                          Milk collected by PAs

  2004         981                         2004          3 m liters



  2008               3,400                 2008              9 m liters




 • 23 producers’ associations and 1 producers’ cooperative were set up


 • through 9 commercial banks and 2 micro-credit organizations, 3,533
   loans were disbursed for an aggregate amount of US$ 15 million
Reviving Rural Areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina



RESULTS

The project:

• constructed/rehabilitated 139 community infrastructure micro-projects

• benefited 38,600 rural households (140,000 people)



The 12 small and medium enterprises that received loans:

• created 100 new jobs

• provided part-time employment to 500 seasonal workers

• provided backward and forward linkages to livestock producers

• provided alternative income-generating activities in the rural areas
Rural Microfinance in Gaza and the West Bank



INNOVATION: Focus on Women + “Village Banks”

        IFAD
                                                  New
                                               Women-Led
                                               Enterprises
                      Savings and Credit
                      Savings and Credit
                     Associations (SCAs)
                     Associations (SCAs)




      Palestinian
      Palestinian
      Agricultural
      Agricultural
         Relief
        Relief
      Committees
      Committees
Rural Microfinance in Gaza and the West Bank



RESULTS (as of December 2008)

• 12 women’s SCAs were created and legally registered as savings and credit cooperatives

• in 2005, a Union of Cooperative Associations for Savings and Credit was established

• the Union represents 176 locations and villages

• the Union includes 7,383 members

• the Union holds over US$ 2.6 million in savings and shares

• the Union’s total portfolio amounts to over US$ 3.1 million

• the Union’s credit portfolio has reached over US$ 10.1 million
Rural Microfinance in Gaza and the West Bank



TRAINING SUPPORT

The project team and the Union’s staff:


• trained 465 members at 176 locations on administrative and organizational procedures

• organized 21 exchange visits in 162 locations with the participation of 1,470 women

• trained 320 members at 172 locations on loan management and financial analysis

• conducted 24 workshops on finance and bookkeeping

• helped develop individual business plans for each SCA

• encouraged new ideas and the exchange of know-how
Locating Groundwater in Somalia



INNOVATION: Advanced Geophysical Surveys


                                              New Sources
                     Search of
                      Search of              of Clean Water
           underground water sources
           underground water sources
                    by means of
                    by means of
         electrical resistivity techniques
         electrical resistivity techniques




        IFAD                         BSF
Locating Groundwater in Somalia



TECHNIQUE (example of electrical resistivity profile)
Locating Groundwater in Somalia



RESULTS

• A borehole was dug in the area of Dilla and groundwater actually found and tapped


• The Dilla borehole is now a permanent source of clean water that supplies the village and
  surrounding areas

• 7 additional boreholes have been successfully dug by other agencies
  in other sites that the programme surveyed

• Underground water availability in the area has been reassessed

• Africa 70 (an Italian NGO) and the UNDP are currently carrying out
  geophysical surveys before drilling boreholes
Land De-Rocking in Syria



INNOVATION: Integrated Area Approach

    Development measures adopted by 5 projects:
    Development measures adopted by 5 projects:
                                                     Surge in
    • removing surface and subsurface rocks
    • removing surface and subsurface rocks         Productivity
    • supporting adaptive research
    • supporting adaptive research
    • strengthening extension services
    • strengthening extension services
    • supporting livestock development
    • supporting livestock development
    • improving rural water supply
    • improving rural water supply
    • providing intensive training to rural women
    • providing intensive training to rural women
    • introducing a pest management programme
    • introducing a pest management programme
    • designing income-generating activities
    • designing income-generating activities
    • supporting adapted credit services
    • supporting adapted credit services




        IFAD
Land De-Rocking in Syria



OUTREACH

Areas reclaimed through de-rocking


   1997-2006                    104,063 ha                    170,758 ha




   1987-1996              75,958 ha                                 222,696 ha




   1977-1986                          116,161 ha
               4,813 ha



   Legend:      IFAD projects                other projects
Land De-Rocking in Syria



RESULTS
Direct beneficiaries of IFAD-supported de-rocking activities

      Southern Regional
Agricultural Development                                            29,000 households
    Project II (1992-2001)

        Coastal/Midlands
Agricultural Development                        16,930 households
      Project (1996-2006)

      Southern Regional
Agricultural Development                      16,000 households
     Project I (1982-1987)

            Jebel al-Hoss
Agricultural Development              5,000 households
      Project (1995-2006)

                    Idleb
      Rural Development      802 households
      Project (2003-2006)
Agricultural Consulting in Macedonia



INNOVATION: Support to Privately Owned Companies
  • selection of potential advisors
  • selection of potential advisors
  • training on technical and managerial topics
  • training on technical and managerial topics
  • involvement in the preparation of Strategic
  • involvement in the preparation of Strategic
    Investment Programmes
     Investment Programmes                                  Market-Oriented
  • support to mass media production
  • support to mass media production                          Consulting
  • development of privately owned service
  • development of privately owned service                    Companies
    entreprises on a cost-sharing basis with the project
     entreprises on a cost-sharing basis with the project
  • phasing out of project support
  • phasing out of project support




                                        Agriculture
                                       Agriculture
        IFAD                        Investment Centre
                                    Investment Centre
Agricultural Consulting in Macedonia



OUTREACH
Company-facilitated finance (May 2008 - June 2009)


              No. of      Target           Main           Amount
  Company
              loans    farmer group       sector         disbursed
    Neda        122     medium size      viticulture     € 550,000

     Tim        120      small size       livestock      € 120,000

    Kocev       40      medium size      viticulture     € 160,000

     Pro        28       small size      beekeeping      € 110,000

     Plus       12      medium size    early vegetable    € 55,000

     Viva        8      medium size       livestock       € 33,000

     Mc          3        large size   early vegetable    € 70,000
Agricultural Consulting in Macedonia



RESULTS

Avg. income of advised borrowers         Avg. production of advised processors

  Pre-                                      Pre-
  loan      € 5,166                         loan     € 460,451



 Post-                                     Post-            € 691,534
  loan                € 8,050               loan



 • 1,323 borrowers were advised by the 8 consulting companies, for a total
   disbursed loan amount of € 7.4 million


 • 1,700 new full-time job equivalents were created among loan recipients
Natural Gas Supply in Armenia



INNOVATION: Cheap Energy in Poor Areas


                                                  Drop in
        The mountain areas were connected,
        The mountain areas were connected,       Household
               via mid-pressure pipes,
               via mid-pressure pipes,          Energy Costs
         to the high-pressure main pipeline
         to the high-pressure main pipeline
               that brings natural gas
                that brings natural gas
      from Russia to the highlands of Armenia
      from Russia to the highlands of Armenia




         IFAD                       OFID
Natural Gas Supply in Armenia



RESULTS

Average energy cost per household

        Pre-
     project                                             US$ 769



       Post-                            US$ 371
     project




• The 11 new natural gas networks supply almost 11,000
  households (32,500 people) in 28 communities in poor
  mountain areas
Natural Gas Supply in Armenia



OTHER BENEFITS

• Improved conditions in homes, schools, pre-schools, hospitals and other public institutions

• +15% to +20% in crop productivity now that cow dung is available as organic fertilizer

• 18 mid-sized trees saved per year by each household using natural gas

• increased productivity and competitiveness of rural businesses

• new jobs for the construction and maintenance of gas pipelines

• increased productivity and competitiveness of rural businesses

• increased efficiency of agricultural value chains
Farming System Research in Egypt



INNOVATION: Holistic Approach

                                 Farming System
                                 Farming System
       IFAD
                                  Research Unit
                                  Research Unit
                                                      Surge in
                                                    Productivity

     Main project elements:
     Main project elements:
     • agricultural research
     • agricultural research
     • dissemination of research findings through
     • dissemination of research findings through
       extension activity
       extension activity
     • provision of credit necessary to adopt new
     • provision of credit necessary to adopt new
       technologies
       technologies
Farming System Research in Egypt



OUTREACH

• >600,000 small farmers were direct beneficiaries of the project, and >680,000 were indirect ones

• 13 farm models were developed to intensify agricultural production

• >80% of farmers adopted new technologies for the most important practices

• a set of new technical packages were developed to integrate crops and livestock

• 230 farm with 852 animals were supervised

• 69 village meetings attended by 4,595 farmers and
  79 extension workers were organized

• >50% of farmers adopting technical packages received credit
Farming System Research in Egypt



RESULTS

Land productivity: Corn                Land productivity: Wheat

 Improved                               Improved
                      24.4 ardab/fed                       22.3 ardab/fed
   hybrid                                 cultivar



Traditional   16.2 ardab/fed           Traditional     18.7 ardab/fed



Land productivity: Onion               Land productivity: Garlic

 Improved                               Improved                      9.2 t/fed
   cultivar             17.3 t/fed        cultivar



Traditional       12.7 t/fed           Traditional        6.6 t/fed

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Pn seeds of innovation slides1

  • 1. Seeds of Innovation in Near East and North Africa Nadim Khouri (Director) Mylène Kherallah (Regional Economist) Claudio Casadio-Tarabusi (KM Consultant) Near East and North Africa Division, PMD
  • 2. Table of Contents • Refinancing in Armenia, Macedonia, Moldova • Contract Farming for Export in Egypt • Water Harvesting in Sudan • Range Management in Morocco • Rural Microfinance in Syria • Traditional Handicraft Jobs in Tunisia • Farm Privatization in Azerbaijan • Rural Microfinance in Jordan • Reviving Rural Areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina • Rural Microfinance in Gaza and the West Bank • Locating Groundwater in Somalia • Land De-Rocking in Syria • Agricultural Consulting in Macedonia • Natural Gas Supply in Armenia • Farming System Research in Egypt
  • 3. Refinancing in Armenia, Macedonia, Moldova INNOVATION: Loan Delivery Mechanism IFAD Rural 1. Loan Client Application Loan 4. Loan Participating Participating Disbursement Government Government Financial Financial Institution Institution 2. Refinancing Loan Application 3. Refinancing Disbursement Refinancing Refinancing Facility Facility
  • 4. Refinancing in Armenia, Macedonia, Moldova OUTREACH (as of December 2008) Cumulative refinancing Average loan size In-time recovery rate US$ 7.1 m US$ 40,100 98.0% (since 2006) € 11.5 m € 6,300 96.0% (since 2003) US$ 22.6 m US$ 37,950 98.5% (since 2001) Main purpose of loans Legend: 32% Livestock Armenia 63% Livestock Macedonia Moldova 38% Agricultural machinery
  • 5. Refinancing in Armenia, Macedonia, Moldova RESULTS (as of December 2008) Armenia: +26% of sales in two years +63% of workers in dairy industry, +24% in wine industry +168% of revenues in small farm households in first year Macedonia: +19% of workers in first year, +41% of part-time (mainly women) workers +30% of family business income for farmer borrowers in first year Moldova: 2,000 new jobs created from 2001 to 2005 8,500 farmers and 220 large farming enterprises gained access to markets 26,500 rural households benefited from leasing land to larger-scale farmers
  • 6. Contract Farming for Export in Egypt INNOVATION: Support to the Key Role of FMAs Export IFAD Markets Assistance & Training Farmers Farmers Contract Exporter // Exporter Marketing Marketing Processor Processor Association Association Small Farmer
  • 7. Contract Farming for Export in Egypt OUTREACH (as of April 2009) Membership of established Farmers Marketing Associations (FMAs) Tiba 3,765 members El-Bustan 2,575 members Bangar Al Sokar 2,040 members Entelak 1,884 members El-Hamam 1,227 members West Noubaria 947 members
  • 8. Contract Farming for Export in Egypt RESULTS (as of April 2009) Contract b/w FMA and Products Extent Export to sweet peppers, 31 acres Kenana Italy sun-dried tomatoes 15 farmers Kenana, Sekam artichokes 1,943 acres Europe 1,246 acres Heinz sun-dried tomatoes Worldwide 300 farmers El Maghraby table grapes 80 tons Europe 8 acres Almaghrabi raisins Europe 3 farmers apricots 157 tons Hero, Cairo Food Europe peaches 54 tons Radwan Brothers green beans 300 tons Syria 311 acres Arnaut peanuts Switzerland 80 farmers 1,375 acres Agro Food (et al.) organic potatoes Italy 323 farmers
  • 9. Water Harvesting in Sudan INNOVATION: Farmer-led Technological Change Surge in IFAD Productivity Demonstration Demonstration && Dissemination Dissemination FAO Sudan’s Sudan’s Agricultural Agricultural New Water New Water Research Research Harvesting Harvesting Corporation Corporation Technique Technique Small Farmers
  • 10. Water Harvesting in Sudan OUTREACH Farmers who adopted the water harvesting technique (cumulated) 2006 3,229 men 115 women 2005 1,781 men 68 women 2004 432 men 32 women 2003 5 women 30 men
  • 11. Water Harvesting in Sudan RESULTS Average productivity in sorghum production New 872 kg/acre technique Traditional 80 kg/acre technique Average area cultivated with sorghum New 2.6 acres technique Traditional technique 8.5 acres
  • 12. Range Management in Morocco INNOVATION: Community-Based Approach Improved Rangeland, Guiding principles: Guiding principles: Livestock and • creating tribal-based cooperatives • creating tribal-based cooperatives Livelihoods • empowering cooperatives • empowering cooperatives • requiring members to buy “social shares” • requiring members to buy “social shares” • promoting pastoralists’ mobility • promoting pastoralists’ mobility • promoting consensual decision-making • promoting consensual decision-making Moroccan IFAD Government AfDB
  • 13. Range Management in Morocco OUTREACH Project achievement rates (% of target) Soil conservation 208% Fuel woods 96% Dune fixation 95% Shrub planting 84% Deferred grazing 61% Scarifying 24% Reseeding 10%
  • 14. Range Management in Morocco RESULTS Increase in dry matter in the project area Post- 800 kg/ha project Pre- 150 kg/ha project Improved livestock: +10% in the fertility and -66% in the mortality rate of ewes Improved access to water: -48% in the average distance from watering points
  • 15. Rural Microfinance in Syria INNOVATION: “Sanduq” (Saving Box) IFAD UNDP Small Business Creation Principles of the Sanduq approach: Principles of the Sanduq approach: • cultural, organizational, financial self-reliance • cultural, organizational, financial self-reliance • autonomy in decision-making • autonomy in decision-making • sustainability • sustainability • outreach to the poor • outreach to the poor
  • 16. Rural Microfinance in Syria OUTREACH (as of December 2008) Number of sanadiq established Jebel al-Hoss 30 Idleb 20 Membership: 4,000 men and women Number of loans: 1,400 Average loan size: US$ 566 Repayment rate: 100%
  • 17. Rural Microfinance in Syria RESULTS Women: • represent 41% of sanadiq members • hold 40% of sanadiq share capital • represent 33% of sanadiq borrowers • account for 29% of sanadiq outstanding loans Access to finance has allowed women to establish their own business, such as: • fattening sheep • raising cows • opening small shops • renting land to plant cash crops
  • 18. Traditional Handicraft Jobs in Tunisia INNOVATION: Reviving “Al margoum” (Embroidery) Tunisian Solidarity Tunisian Solidarity New Small Bank Bank Enterprises Loan Fund for Fund for Advancement of Advancement of Women Women Traditional Traditional Loan Receiving Receiving Industries and Small Industries and Small Work Cards Work Cards Enterprises Enterprises IFAD 11-month 11-month Training Training Programme Programme OFID
  • 19. Traditional Handicraft Jobs in Tunisia RESULTS Jobs created: • 39 young women established their own home-based small enterprises • 20 young women were employed in a needlework centre • 3 young men and 1 young woman were trained as tourist guides Other young people: • established a rest house and restaurant for tourists • established a shop to sell the Al margoum products
  • 20. Traditional Handicraft Jobs in Tunisia MARKETING SUPPORT The project team: • trained young women in product design so that they could diversify their production offerings • helped women participate in the Al-Karm Fair in Tunis • entered into partnership with the local municipality to establish a market for traditional industries • improved the roads to Guermassa to facilitate tourism • arranged for Guermassa to be listed in the tourist guide • established a quality mark for original Al margoum products • launched an internet site about Guermassa
  • 21. Farm Privatization in Azerbaijan INNOVATION: Land + Services IFAD IDA Surge in Productivity Farm privatization and support services: Farm privatization and support services: • land registration • land registration • farm information and advisory services • farm information and advisory services • support to water users’ associations • support to water users’ associations • rural credit • rural credit • rehabilitation of water supply • rehabilitation of water supply • community development programmes • community development programmes
  • 22. Farm Privatization in Azerbaijan OUTREACH Households with land Average land plot size 1997 78.4% 1997 0.2 ha 2003 97% 2003 1.6 ha Households with livestock Average herd size 1997 75.8% 1997 1.9 cows 2003 86.3% 2003 3.2 cows
  • 23. Farm Privatization in Azerbaijan RESULTS Decline in rural poverty 1997 66% 2003 43% Between 1997 and 2003: • 50-100% increase in crop yields • 40% increase in cropping intensity • agriculture absorbed 400,000 new entrants
  • 24. Rural Microfinance in Jordan INNOVATION: Familiarizing Women with Borrowing New Small Enterprises Rural Women Rural Women Entrepreneur Entrepreneur Training IFAD Line of Credit Loan Agriculture Credit Agriculture Credit OFID Loan Corporation Corporation Abu Dhabi Fund Loan Abu Dhabi Fund
  • 25. Rural Microfinance in Jordan RESULTS Increase in annual per capita income 2000 US$ 625 2008 US$ 825 • >800 people received credit to establish microenterprises • 77% of them are still operational and repay loans regularly • 91% of the established microenterprises are led by women • for 38% of the women beneficiaries, rural microenterprises represent the predominant source of income
  • 26. Rural Microfinance in Jordan MARKETING SUPPORT The project team: • helped beneficiaries participate in agricultural fairs and bazaars • carried out training courses for beneficiaries on marketing and production management • helped beneficiaries improve their storage techniques to sell products at higher prices • conducted market research surveys • connected beneficiaries to local markets • encouraged women to set up marketing cooperatives
  • 27. Reviving Rural Areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina INNOVATION: Integrated Package of Activities IFAD OFID Revived Rural Economy Main project activities: Main project activities: • establishment of producers’ associations (PAs) • establishment of producers’ associations (PAs) • training sessions to farmers • training sessions to farmers • credit to buy livestock and develop enterprises • credit to buy livestock and develop enterprises • advice to small private diaries • advice to small private diaries • reconstruction of community infrastructures • reconstruction of community infrastructures • promotion of savings and credit associations • promotion of savings and credit associations
  • 28. Reviving Rural Areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina OUTREACH Members of PAs Milk collected by PAs 2004 981 2004 3 m liters 2008 3,400 2008 9 m liters • 23 producers’ associations and 1 producers’ cooperative were set up • through 9 commercial banks and 2 micro-credit organizations, 3,533 loans were disbursed for an aggregate amount of US$ 15 million
  • 29. Reviving Rural Areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina RESULTS The project: • constructed/rehabilitated 139 community infrastructure micro-projects • benefited 38,600 rural households (140,000 people) The 12 small and medium enterprises that received loans: • created 100 new jobs • provided part-time employment to 500 seasonal workers • provided backward and forward linkages to livestock producers • provided alternative income-generating activities in the rural areas
  • 30. Rural Microfinance in Gaza and the West Bank INNOVATION: Focus on Women + “Village Banks” IFAD New Women-Led Enterprises Savings and Credit Savings and Credit Associations (SCAs) Associations (SCAs) Palestinian Palestinian Agricultural Agricultural Relief Relief Committees Committees
  • 31. Rural Microfinance in Gaza and the West Bank RESULTS (as of December 2008) • 12 women’s SCAs were created and legally registered as savings and credit cooperatives • in 2005, a Union of Cooperative Associations for Savings and Credit was established • the Union represents 176 locations and villages • the Union includes 7,383 members • the Union holds over US$ 2.6 million in savings and shares • the Union’s total portfolio amounts to over US$ 3.1 million • the Union’s credit portfolio has reached over US$ 10.1 million
  • 32. Rural Microfinance in Gaza and the West Bank TRAINING SUPPORT The project team and the Union’s staff: • trained 465 members at 176 locations on administrative and organizational procedures • organized 21 exchange visits in 162 locations with the participation of 1,470 women • trained 320 members at 172 locations on loan management and financial analysis • conducted 24 workshops on finance and bookkeeping • helped develop individual business plans for each SCA • encouraged new ideas and the exchange of know-how
  • 33. Locating Groundwater in Somalia INNOVATION: Advanced Geophysical Surveys New Sources Search of Search of of Clean Water underground water sources underground water sources by means of by means of electrical resistivity techniques electrical resistivity techniques IFAD BSF
  • 34. Locating Groundwater in Somalia TECHNIQUE (example of electrical resistivity profile)
  • 35. Locating Groundwater in Somalia RESULTS • A borehole was dug in the area of Dilla and groundwater actually found and tapped • The Dilla borehole is now a permanent source of clean water that supplies the village and surrounding areas • 7 additional boreholes have been successfully dug by other agencies in other sites that the programme surveyed • Underground water availability in the area has been reassessed • Africa 70 (an Italian NGO) and the UNDP are currently carrying out geophysical surveys before drilling boreholes
  • 36. Land De-Rocking in Syria INNOVATION: Integrated Area Approach Development measures adopted by 5 projects: Development measures adopted by 5 projects: Surge in • removing surface and subsurface rocks • removing surface and subsurface rocks Productivity • supporting adaptive research • supporting adaptive research • strengthening extension services • strengthening extension services • supporting livestock development • supporting livestock development • improving rural water supply • improving rural water supply • providing intensive training to rural women • providing intensive training to rural women • introducing a pest management programme • introducing a pest management programme • designing income-generating activities • designing income-generating activities • supporting adapted credit services • supporting adapted credit services IFAD
  • 37. Land De-Rocking in Syria OUTREACH Areas reclaimed through de-rocking 1997-2006 104,063 ha 170,758 ha 1987-1996 75,958 ha 222,696 ha 1977-1986 116,161 ha 4,813 ha Legend: IFAD projects other projects
  • 38. Land De-Rocking in Syria RESULTS Direct beneficiaries of IFAD-supported de-rocking activities Southern Regional Agricultural Development 29,000 households Project II (1992-2001) Coastal/Midlands Agricultural Development 16,930 households Project (1996-2006) Southern Regional Agricultural Development 16,000 households Project I (1982-1987) Jebel al-Hoss Agricultural Development 5,000 households Project (1995-2006) Idleb Rural Development 802 households Project (2003-2006)
  • 39. Agricultural Consulting in Macedonia INNOVATION: Support to Privately Owned Companies • selection of potential advisors • selection of potential advisors • training on technical and managerial topics • training on technical and managerial topics • involvement in the preparation of Strategic • involvement in the preparation of Strategic Investment Programmes Investment Programmes Market-Oriented • support to mass media production • support to mass media production Consulting • development of privately owned service • development of privately owned service Companies entreprises on a cost-sharing basis with the project entreprises on a cost-sharing basis with the project • phasing out of project support • phasing out of project support Agriculture Agriculture IFAD Investment Centre Investment Centre
  • 40. Agricultural Consulting in Macedonia OUTREACH Company-facilitated finance (May 2008 - June 2009) No. of Target Main Amount Company loans farmer group sector disbursed Neda 122 medium size viticulture € 550,000 Tim 120 small size livestock € 120,000 Kocev 40 medium size viticulture € 160,000 Pro 28 small size beekeeping € 110,000 Plus 12 medium size early vegetable € 55,000 Viva 8 medium size livestock € 33,000 Mc 3 large size early vegetable € 70,000
  • 41. Agricultural Consulting in Macedonia RESULTS Avg. income of advised borrowers Avg. production of advised processors Pre- Pre- loan € 5,166 loan € 460,451 Post- Post- € 691,534 loan € 8,050 loan • 1,323 borrowers were advised by the 8 consulting companies, for a total disbursed loan amount of € 7.4 million • 1,700 new full-time job equivalents were created among loan recipients
  • 42. Natural Gas Supply in Armenia INNOVATION: Cheap Energy in Poor Areas Drop in The mountain areas were connected, The mountain areas were connected, Household via mid-pressure pipes, via mid-pressure pipes, Energy Costs to the high-pressure main pipeline to the high-pressure main pipeline that brings natural gas that brings natural gas from Russia to the highlands of Armenia from Russia to the highlands of Armenia IFAD OFID
  • 43. Natural Gas Supply in Armenia RESULTS Average energy cost per household Pre- project US$ 769 Post- US$ 371 project • The 11 new natural gas networks supply almost 11,000 households (32,500 people) in 28 communities in poor mountain areas
  • 44. Natural Gas Supply in Armenia OTHER BENEFITS • Improved conditions in homes, schools, pre-schools, hospitals and other public institutions • +15% to +20% in crop productivity now that cow dung is available as organic fertilizer • 18 mid-sized trees saved per year by each household using natural gas • increased productivity and competitiveness of rural businesses • new jobs for the construction and maintenance of gas pipelines • increased productivity and competitiveness of rural businesses • increased efficiency of agricultural value chains
  • 45. Farming System Research in Egypt INNOVATION: Holistic Approach Farming System Farming System IFAD Research Unit Research Unit Surge in Productivity Main project elements: Main project elements: • agricultural research • agricultural research • dissemination of research findings through • dissemination of research findings through extension activity extension activity • provision of credit necessary to adopt new • provision of credit necessary to adopt new technologies technologies
  • 46. Farming System Research in Egypt OUTREACH • >600,000 small farmers were direct beneficiaries of the project, and >680,000 were indirect ones • 13 farm models were developed to intensify agricultural production • >80% of farmers adopted new technologies for the most important practices • a set of new technical packages were developed to integrate crops and livestock • 230 farm with 852 animals were supervised • 69 village meetings attended by 4,595 farmers and 79 extension workers were organized • >50% of farmers adopting technical packages received credit
  • 47. Farming System Research in Egypt RESULTS Land productivity: Corn Land productivity: Wheat Improved Improved 24.4 ardab/fed 22.3 ardab/fed hybrid cultivar Traditional 16.2 ardab/fed Traditional 18.7 ardab/fed Land productivity: Onion Land productivity: Garlic Improved Improved 9.2 t/fed cultivar 17.3 t/fed cultivar Traditional 12.7 t/fed Traditional 6.6 t/fed