vitamins AL- KALAMOON UNIVERSITY DENTISRY COLLEGE DR. LOUAY LABBAN

DEFININTION The term vitamin is derived from the words vital and amine, because vitamins are required for life and were originally thought to be amines

The term vitamin is derived from the words vital and amine, because vitamins are required for life and were originally thought to be amines

They are organic compounds required by humans in small amounts from the diet.

They are organic compounds required by humans in small amounts from the diet.

IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS VITAMINS FUNCTION B1, B2, B3, B5, B 6, B7, B9, B12, C, K COENZYME B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7 METABOLISM OF ENERGY YIELDING NUTRIENTS B 6, B 9, B12 RED BLOOD CELL SYNTHESIS B6, B9, B12 AMINO ACID METABOLISM B 7, B 5, B 3 FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS C , E ANTIOXODENT PROTECTION B1, B6, B12 NERVE TRANSMISSION A, D GENE EXPRESSION

CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS VITAMINS HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN GROUPED BASED ON THEIR SOLUBILITY IN WATER OR FAT

VITAMINS HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN GROUPED BASED ON THEIR SOLUBILITY IN WATER OR FAT

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS B VITAMINS THIAMIN B1 RIBOFLAVIN B2 NIACIN B3 BIOTIN PANTOTHENIC ACID B 6 FOLATE B 12 VITAMIN A VITAMIN C VITAMIN D VITAMIN E VITAMIN K

B VITAMINS

THIAMIN B1

RIBOFLAVIN B2

NIACIN B3

BIOTIN

PANTOTHENIC ACID

B 6

FOLATE

B 12

FACTS ABOUT VITAMINS Vitamins are found in almost everything you eat Processing affects vitamin content Dietary supplements can boost vitamin intake Not all of what you eat can be used by the body

Vitamins are found in almost everything you eat

Processing affects vitamin content

Dietary supplements can boost vitamin intake

Not all of what you eat can be used by the body

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS VITAMIN B COMPLEX GROUP

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

VITAMIN B COMPLEX GROUP

THIAMIN OR VITAMIN B 1 Very important vitamin to prevent Beriberi that was discovered in the West Indies A Japanese surgeon in the navy found that beriberi on ships could be avoided by adding meat and whole grains to the diet.

Very important vitamin to prevent Beriberi that was discovered in the West Indies

A Japanese surgeon in the navy found that beriberi on ships could be avoided by adding meat and whole grains to the diet.

THIAMIN IMPORTANCE

BERIBERI

SOURCES OF THIAMIN

Sources of Thiamin: it is widely distributed in foods Yeast and liver are the most highly concentrated sources however, cereal grains are the most important dietary sources of thiamin in the diet as these foods are consumed readily in most diets.

Sources of Thiamin: it is widely distributed in foods

Yeast and liver are the most highly concentrated sources however, cereal grains are the most important dietary sources of thiamin in the diet as these foods are consumed readily in most diets.

RIBOFLAVIN OR VITAMIN B 2 Very important vitamin because it is part of two coenzymes (FMN) and (FAD) which are oxidizing agents

Very important vitamin because it is part of two coenzymes (FMN) and (FAD) which are oxidizing agents

RIBOFALVIN IMPORTANCE

SYMPTOMS OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY Stomatitis Anemia Swollen and dark tongue Angular chelosis: cracks in corners of mouth and lips

Stomatitis

Anemia

Swollen and dark tongue

Angular chelosis: cracks in corners of mouth and lips

Riboflavin deficiency

SOURCES OF RIBOFLAVIN

RDA for Riboflavin The recommended dietary intake for riboflavin is 1.3 mg / day .

The recommended dietary intake for riboflavin is 1.3 mg / day .

NIACIN OR VITAMIN B 3 Niacin is the compound that prevents development of Pellagra. It was isolated from nicotine acid It plays an important role in coenzyme NAD which is very important in metabolism.

Niacin is the compound that prevents development of Pellagra.

It was isolated from nicotine acid

It plays an important role in coenzyme NAD which is very important in metabolism.

IMPORTANCE OF NIACIN OR VITAMIN B 3

SOURCES OF NIACIN

DEFICIENCY OF NIACIN Pellagra: dermatitis Muscular weakness Anorexia Indigestion Skin eruptions Diarrhea

Pellagra: dermatitis

Muscular weakness

Anorexia

Indigestion

Skin eruptions

Diarrhea

DEFICIENCY OF NIACIN OR B3

Pellagra

Pellagra

Vitamin B 6 or Pyridoxine Very important vitamin since it plays a coenzyme role in more than 100 enzymatic reactions.

Very important vitamin since it plays a coenzyme role in more than 100 enzymatic reactions.

VITAMIN B 5 OR PANTOTHENIC Part of Coenzyme A which plays an important role in energy metabolism. Is essential for the formation of ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, fat and alcohol.

Part of Coenzyme A which plays an important role in energy metabolism.

Is essential for the formation of ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, fat and alcohol.

SOURCES OF PANTOTHENIC Meat Milk Mushrooms Liver Peanuts Eggs yeast

Meat

Milk

Mushrooms

Liver

Peanuts

Eggs

yeast

DEFICIENCY OF B 5 Headache Fatigue Impaired muscle coordination GI tract disorders

Headache

Fatigue

Impaired muscle coordination

GI tract disorders

RDA FOR PANTOTHENIC ACID RDA for adults is 5 mg / day

RDA for adults is 5 mg / day

VITAMIN B6 FUNCTIONS

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 6 Animal tissues Fish Poultry Whole grains Some fruits and vegetables mainly bananas , carrots, potatoes, garbanzo beans, avacado

Animal tissues

Fish

Poultry

Whole grains

Some fruits and vegetables mainly bananas , carrots, potatoes, garbanzo beans, avacado

DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN B 6 Weakness Sleeplessness Peripheral neuropathy Personality changes Dermatitis Glossitis

Weakness

Sleeplessness

Peripheral neuropathy

Personality changes

Dermatitis

Glossitis

VITAMIN B6 SOURCES

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR B 6 RDA for vitamin B 6 is 1.3 – 2 mg / day

RDA for vitamin B 6 is 1.3 – 2 mg / day

BIOTIN OR VITAMIN B 7 Biotin participate in reactions in which carbon dioxide is added to a compound.

Biotin participate in reactions in which carbon dioxide is added to a compound.

FUNCTIONS OF B 7 Essential cofactor for 5 carboxylase enzyme that add CO2 to various compounds.

Essential cofactor for 5 carboxylase enzyme that add CO2 to various compounds.

SOURCES OF BIOTIN Whole grains Eggs Nuts legumes

Whole grains

Eggs

Nuts

legumes

DEFICIENCY OF BIOTIN Skin rash Neurological disorders Impaired growth

Skin rash

Neurological disorders

Impaired growth

RDA FOR BIOTIN RDA for Biotin is 30 μ g /day for adults

RDA for Biotin is 30 μ g /day for adults

FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9 Folate is derived from Latin word means leaf because dark leafy vegetables are the best source for folate

Folate is derived from Latin word means leaf because dark leafy vegetables are the best source for folate

VITAMIN B9 SOURCES Beans Legumes Citrus fruit Liver Fish Eggs Milk and milk products

Beans

Legumes

Citrus fruit

Liver

Fish

Eggs

Milk and milk products

FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9

Folic acid functions

Deficiency of Folate Reduced ability to double DNA Anemia

Reduced ability to double DNA

Anemia

Folic acid function

RDA FOR FOLATE RDA for adults is 400 μ g / day

RDA for adults is 400 μ g / day

VITAMIN B 12 Cyanocobalamin or vitamin B 12 is very imporatnt vitamin It plays an important role in many Coenzymes

Cyanocobalamin or vitamin B 12 is very imporatnt vitamin

It plays an important role in many Coenzymes

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 12 Meat Poultry Seafood Eggs Milk and milk products

Meat

Poultry

Seafood

Eggs

Milk and milk products

Sources of VITAMIN B12

RDA OF VITAMIN B 12 RDA for adults is 2.4 μ g /day Deficiency can cause anemia

RDA for adults is 2.4 μ g /day

Deficiency can cause anemia

VITAMIN C OR ASCORBIC ACID Is involved in many processes in human body The most important function for vitamin C is the synthesis of collagen, the principal tissue protein found in tendon, arteries

Is involved in many processes in human body

The most important function for vitamin C is the synthesis of collagen, the principal tissue protein found in tendon, arteries

FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN C Healthy immune system Helps in wounds healing Maintains the connective tissues Aids in iron absorption

Healthy immune system

Helps in wounds healing

Maintains the connective tissues

Aids in iron absorption

ASCORBIC ACID OR VITAMIN C

SOURCES OF VITAMIN C Fruits and vegetables are the major sources for vitamin C Citrus fruits Broccoli Green pepper

Fruits and vegetables are the major sources for vitamin C

Citrus fruits

Broccoli

Green pepper

SOURCES OF VITAMIN C

Deficiency of vitamin C The well-known deficiency is Scurvy Weakness Fatigue Inflammation of the gum Impaired wound healing Hemorrhages depression

The well-known deficiency is Scurvy

Weakness

Fatigue

Inflammation of the gum

Impaired wound healing

Hemorrhages

depression

SCURVY IN HUMAN

RDA FOR VITAMIN C RDA for vitamin c for adults is 60 mg / day

RDA for vitamin c for adults is 60 mg / day

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS VITAMIN A VITAMIN D VITAMIN E VITAMIN K

VITAMIN A

VITAMIN D

VITAMIN E

VITAMIN K

Vitamin A Assists with formation of epithelium, skin and mucus membrane Maintains healthy eyes Assists with bone remodeling

Assists with formation of epithelium, skin and mucus membrane

Maintains healthy eyes

Assists with bone remodeling

Deficiency Dry skin, poor immunity and slow growth Night blindess, xeropthalmia (total blindes)

Dry skin, poor immunity and slow growth

Night blindess, xeropthalmia (total blindes)

Retinopathy

Night blindness

VITAMIN A

sources

Vitamin D Considered as hormone that facilitates absorption of Ca and P It assists with bone formation by aiding the absorption of calcium

Considered as hormone that facilitates absorption of Ca and P

It assists with bone formation by aiding the absorption of calcium

Functions

sources

Vitamin D deficiency

Ricketts

Osteoporosis

Vitamin E Antioxident and promotes RBC Deficiency of vitamin E is heomlytic anemia RDA 15 mg / day

Antioxident and promotes RBC

Deficiency of vitamin E is heomlytic anemia

RDA 15 mg / day

Functions of vitamin E

Functions of vitamin E

Sources

Vitamin K Assists in the synthesis of prothrombin required for blood clotting Deficiency symptoms are prolonged bleeding and increased clotting time.

Assists in the synthesis of prothrombin required for blood clotting

Deficiency symptoms are prolonged bleeding and increased clotting time.

Ssources of vitamin K

Functions of vitamin K

Vitamin K deficiency