Middle East Nationalism

Objective : Cover political and social events that lead to the development of nationalism in the Middle East

Fall of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman empire began to decline in the 1700’s with the lost of Greece and North Africa
During WWI the Ottomans sided with the Germans
During this time they killed a million Christian Armenians during the Armenian Genocide
British and French forces convince Arabs to revolt against the Ottomans
At the end of WWI the Ottoman Empire collapsed
Turkey was all that was left under Ottoman control

Fall of the Ottoman Empire
British and French forces convince Arabs to revolt against the Ottomans
At the end of WWI the Ottoman Empire collapsed
Turkey was all that was left under Ottoman control

Modernization of Turkey
By 1923 the Last Ottoman Sultan was driven out of turkey
Mustafa Kemal became President and transformed Turkey into a modern state
Kemal eliminated Arabic elements from the Turkish Language and adopted the Roman alphabet

Modernization of Turkey
Kemal forced people to adopt last names
Kemal outlawed all Muslim customs and traditions
Kemal gave equal rights to women including the right to vote
Kemal changes to Turkey were lasting and profound

The Beginning of Modern Iran
A similar process was underway in Persia
In 1908 oil was discovered in Persia foreign investors flooded the country
However most of the money was taken by foreigners
This led to a Persian nationalist movement

The Beginning of Modern Iran
In 1921 Reza Khan takes over the government and becomes Shah (King)
Khan follows Kemal’s example and modernizes Persia renames country Iran
During WWII the Shah harbors a large number of Nazi’s in Iran

Arab Nationalism
Arabs are a group of people untied by language
Despite promises of independence after WWI
Britain and France end up controlling the Arab mandates of Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria
These mandates controlled everything
This began the cry for Arab Unity
1932 Saudi Arabia is formed and is very poor
1930’s oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia and soon became very wealthy

The Problem of Palestine
Great Britain controlled the mandate of Palestine after WWI
Palestine is ancient home of the Jewish people but few Jews lived there
1917 Britain issues the Balfour Declaration which support the idea of a Jewish homeland
British also promised to protect the rights of non-Jewish people in Palestine

The Problem of Palestine
Palestine at the time was 98% Muslim and they were angry
Jewish settlers begin to arrive as Nazi persecution increased
Tensions between Jews and Muslims also increased in Palestine
Britain tried to restrict Jewish immigration to Palestine in 1939 Britain placed a limit of 75,000 Jews per year by 1944 no more Jews were allowed in Palestine

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Middle East Nationalism

by guest4ee29e on Dec 21, 2007

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