Right now Get your arguments organized Get ready to verbally make those arguments You will have 2 minutes to make your opening statement Next group makes opening statement 1 minute each for rebuttal

Get your arguments organized

Get ready to verbally make those arguments

You will have 2 minutes to make your opening statement

Next group makes opening statement

1 minute each for rebuttal

The Cold War

Causes of the Cold War 1) Capitalism vs. Communism US & Great Britain don’t like or trust communist ideas such as the rejection of private property & religion. Soviets wanted to destroy capitalism & overthrow democratic governments in Europe. USSR afraid US would attack them (they had before) & that they would rebuild Germany & Germany would attack USSR again .

1) Capitalism vs. Communism

US & Great Britain don’t like or trust communist ideas such as the rejection of private property & religion. Soviets wanted to destroy capitalism & overthrow democratic governments in Europe.

USSR afraid US would attack them (they had before) & that they would rebuild Germany & Germany would attack USSR again .

The Cold War in Europe As WWII was ending, the Soviet army occupied all of Eastern Europe (except Yugoslavia) Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania became Soviet satellite countries The Iron Curtain

As WWII was ending, the Soviet army occupied all of Eastern Europe (except Yugoslavia)

Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania became Soviet satellite countries

The Iron Curtain

IRON CURTAIN

Soviet Threat in Europe; America Responds Fear of a Communist takeover of all of Europe led to The Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine: Encourage countries to resist Soviet Influence Containment: Do not allow communism to spread or expand to any more countries in the world.

Fear of a Communist takeover of all of Europe led to The Truman Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine: Encourage countries to resist Soviet Influence

Containment: Do not allow communism to spread or expand to any more countries in the world.

Truman Doctrine in full effect 1) $400 million in aid to Greece & Turkey 2) The Marshall Plan : $12 billion in aid to help western European countries rebuild after the war

1) $400 million in aid to Greece & Turkey

2) The Marshall Plan : $12 billion in aid to help western European countries rebuild after the war

Germany After the war, the Allies divided up Germany into 4 zones Berlin

After the war, the Allies divided up Germany into 4 zones

Berlin Airlift Berlin (capital of Germany, largest city) was in the Soviet Zone & the city itself was divided

Berlin (capital of Germany, largest city) was in the Soviet Zone & the city itself was divided

Berlin Airlift Stalin blockaded West Berlin, trying to make the entire city part of East Germany. Truman ordered supplies to be airlifted to West Berlin. Stalin ended blockade, W. Berlin remained part of W. Germany.

Stalin blockaded West Berlin, trying to make the entire city part of East Germany.

Truman ordered supplies to be airlifted to West Berlin.

Stalin ended blockade, W. Berlin remained part of W. Germany.

Operation Vittles

Berlin Wall Many people in East Berlin were very poor and ruled by a dictator, so they fled to West Berlin The Soviet Government was embarrassed by this, so they built a wall around West Berlin.

Many people in East Berlin were very poor and ruled by a dictator, so they fled to West Berlin

The Soviet Government was embarrassed by this, so they built a wall around West Berlin.

Cold War Alliances NATO: USA UK France Portugal W. Germany Italy Greece Turkey Norway Warsaw Pact USSR Poland Czechoslovakia Hungary E. Germany Romania Bulgaria Albania

NATO:

USA

UK

France

Portugal

W. Germany

Italy

Greece

Turkey

Norway

Warsaw Pact

USSR

Poland

Czechoslovakia

Hungary

E. Germany

Romania

Bulgaria

Albania

United Nations League of Nations…the Sequel Created in 1945 Settle arguments between countries Humanitarian Aid (UNICEF, etc.)

League of Nations…the Sequel

Created in 1945

Settle arguments between countries

Humanitarian Aid (UNICEF, etc.)

1949… a scary year Soviets successfully test atomic bomb Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong take over. China becomes a communist country US feels very threatened by International Communism

Soviets successfully test atomic bomb

Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong take over. China becomes a communist country

US feels very threatened by International Communism

Superpowers The US & the Soviet Union are now the two most powerful countries on earth and they both have nuclear weapons They are the two superpowers

The US & the Soviet Union are now the two most powerful countries on earth and they both have nuclear weapons

They are the two superpowers

Communism in Asia Korea Was a Japanese colony for decades Kim Il Sung very popular communist leader/resistance fighter After Japanese surrender, USA & USSR divide Korea at 38 th parallel. North Korea = communist South Korea = capitalist

Korea

Was a Japanese colony for decades

Kim Il Sung very popular communist leader/resistance fighter

After Japanese surrender, USA & USSR divide Korea at 38 th parallel.

North Korea = communist

South Korea = capitalist

The Korean War June, 1950: North Korean troops cross 38 th parallel, invade the South South Korean Army defeated quickly UN sends military force to help South Korea at Truman’s request 16 countries involved, 80% of troops from USA Gen. Douglas MacArthur in command

June, 1950: North Korean troops cross 38 th parallel, invade the South

South Korean Army defeated quickly

UN sends military force to help South Korea at Truman’s request

16 countries involved, 80% of troops from USA

Gen. Douglas MacArthur in command

The War North Korean forces almost win right away. MacArthur leads daring landing at Incheon North Korea retreats, MacArthur pursues Chinese enter the war, beat back Americans Armistice ends fighting in 1953 Still technically at war, but no shooting Demilitarized Zone between two countries N. Korea still communist, S. Korea still capitalist

North Korean forces almost win right away.

MacArthur leads daring landing at Incheon

North Korea retreats, MacArthur pursues

Chinese enter the war, beat back Americans

Armistice ends fighting in 1953

Still technically at war, but no shooting

Demilitarized Zone between two countries

N. Korea still communist, S. Korea still capitalist

Another Red Scare Spies! 1953; The Rosenbergs arrested and eventually hanged for passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union Alger Hiss State Department official discovered spying for the Soviet Union

Spies!

1953; The Rosenbergs arrested and eventually hanged for passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union

Alger Hiss State Department official discovered spying for the Soviet Union

McCarthyism

Senator Joe McCarthy Claimed to have a list of 205 known communists working for the government Never showed anyone the list For 4 years, McCarthy went around the country “hunting communists” Businesses questioned employees & fired anyone they suspected of being a communist “ Blacklists” in Hollywood and elsewhere

Claimed to have a list of 205 known communists working for the government

Never showed anyone the list

For 4 years, McCarthy went around the country “hunting communists”

Businesses questioned employees & fired anyone they suspected of being a communist

“ Blacklists” in Hollywood and elsewhere

Censure McCarthy held televised hearings. He looked like a bully The Senate censured him, he died of liver failure 3 years later You have done enough. Have you no sense of decency sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?

McCarthy held televised hearings. He looked like a bully

The Senate censured him, he died of liver failure 3 years later

Cold War Conflict Chart Draw this chart in your notes Superpower Actions Issue or Conflict Region or Country

Draw this chart in your notes

Africa & Asia Issue: After WWII many colonies began demanding and fighting for their independence

Issue:

After WWII many colonies began demanding and fighting for their independence

Superpower Actions US grants independence to the Philippines In Africa the US and Soviet Union gave $ & weapons to opposing sides in many civil wars (Angola, Somalia, Ethiopia) Pakistan became an ally of the US, India stayed neutral, but took $ & weapons from the US & USSR

US grants independence to the Philippines

In Africa the US and Soviet Union gave $ & weapons to opposing sides in many civil wars (Angola, Somalia, Ethiopia)

Pakistan became an ally of the US, India stayed neutral, but took $ & weapons from the US & USSR

Cuba Issue: In 1959 Fidel Castro led a successful communist revolution in Cuba

Issue: In 1959 Fidel Castro led a successful communist revolution in Cuba

Superpower Actions (part 1) The Bay of Pigs Invasion : The Soviet Union gave Cuba a lot of $ and support. President Kennedy & the CIA trained a group of Cuban exiles to invade Cuba & overthrow their government. The invasion was a total failure and embarrassed the US.

The Bay of Pigs Invasion : The Soviet Union gave Cuba a lot of $ and support. President Kennedy & the CIA trained a group of Cuban exiles to invade Cuba & overthrow their government. The invasion was a total failure and embarrassed the US.

Superpower Actions (part 2) The Cuban Missile Crisis: USSR begins building missile bases in Cuba. Nukes threatened the US. JFK warned that he would stop any Soviet boat carrying missiles to Cuba. The USSR backed off. The closest the world has ever come to total nuclear war

The Cuban Missile Crisis: USSR begins building missile bases in Cuba. Nukes threatened the US. JFK warned that he would stop any Soviet boat carrying missiles to Cuba. The USSR backed off.

The closest the world has ever come to total nuclear war

“ The Button”

Other Parts of Latin America Issue: Many parts of Latin America were desperately poor. They thought becoming communist countries might help stop their suffering

Issue: Many parts of Latin America were desperately poor. They thought becoming communist countries might help stop their suffering

Superpower Actions US provides aid to many Latin American countries: Alliance for Progress, Peace Corps US intervenes militarily to overthrow suspected communist leaders in Honduras, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Panama, Chile, Grenada, El Salvador

US provides aid to many Latin American countries: Alliance for Progress, Peace Corps

US intervenes militarily to overthrow suspected communist leaders in Honduras, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Panama, Chile, Grenada, El Salvador

Arms Race By the 1950’s The US & USSR both had enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other several times over 1957 USSR launches 1 st ever satellite: Sputnik . “ Space Race” begins, NASA is created Both countries develop rocket technology

By the 1950’s The US & USSR both had enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other several times over

1957 USSR launches 1 st ever satellite: Sputnik .

“ Space Race” begins, NASA is created

Both countries develop rocket technology

Kennedy Assassination On November 22, 1963 President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed in Dallas, Texas. The man found guilty of his murder was Lee Harvey Oswald Oswald was assassinated by Jack Ruby Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) became President

On November 22, 1963 President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed in Dallas, Texas.

The man found guilty of his murder was Lee Harvey Oswald

Oswald was assassinated by Jack Ruby

Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) became President

Vietnam Vietnam was a French colony Vietnamese communists led by Ho Chi Minh (Uncle Ho) defeated the French in 1954 International Peace Conference divided Vietnam into 2 countries North Vietnam (Communist) {USSR} South Vietnam (Capitalist) {USA}

Vietnam was a French colony

Vietnamese communists led by Ho Chi Minh (Uncle Ho) defeated the French in 1954

International Peace Conference divided Vietnam into 2 countries

North Vietnam (Communist) {USSR}

South Vietnam (Capitalist) {USA}

Things go South in the South South Vietnam led by corrupt leader (Diem) Communist Guerrillas (Viet Cong/Viet Minh) begin fighting in South Vietnam USA worried that Vietnam would become a communist country Domino Theory: when one country “falls” to communism, countries near it will fall to communism as well.

South Vietnam led by corrupt leader (Diem)

Communist Guerrillas (Viet Cong/Viet Minh) begin fighting in South Vietnam

USA worried that Vietnam would become a communist country

Domino Theory: when one country “falls” to communism, countries near it will fall to communism as well.

US Involvement During the 1950’s & 1960’s, both Presidents Eisenhower & Kennedy sent “military advisors” to Vietnam 1964: Gulf of Tonkin Incident leads to US escalation in Vietnam. By 1968 there were over 50,000 American soldiers in Vietnam

During the 1950’s & 1960’s, both Presidents Eisenhower & Kennedy sent “military advisors” to Vietnam

1964: Gulf of Tonkin Incident leads to US escalation in Vietnam.

By 1968 there were over 50,000 American soldiers in Vietnam

Insurgent War American troops were fighting a difficult, insurgent war in the jungle They couldn’t tell friend from foe. Draft was instituted 1 st TV war led to decreasing popularity of draft & war at home Tet Offensive 1968 = turning point for the Viet Cong & North Vietnam

American troops were fighting a difficult, insurgent war in the jungle

They couldn’t tell friend from foe.

Draft was instituted

1 st TV war led to decreasing popularity of draft & war at home

Tet Offensive 1968 = turning point for the Viet Cong & North Vietnam

Protests at home Massive demonstrations and protests against the Vietnam war took place “ Hippies” and college students staged protests and burned their draft cards

Massive demonstrations and protests against the Vietnam war took place

“ Hippies” and college students staged protests and burned their draft cards

The End of the War Protests led to fighting between pro & anti war demonstrators Anti-war demonstrators killed by national guard at their college in Kent State, Ohio Longest, most unpopular war in US history US forces left Vietnam in 1975 Vietnam is now a communist country

Protests led to fighting between pro & anti war demonstrators

Anti-war demonstrators killed by national guard at their college in Kent State, Ohio

Longest, most unpopular war in US history

US forces left Vietnam in 1975

Vietnam is now a communist country

The End of the Cold War Beginning with the Nixon administration, the US pursued less hostile relations with the USSR ( Détente) The policy of détente led to agreements SALT I & SALT II: S trategic A rms L imitation T alks

Beginning with the Nixon administration, the US pursued less hostile relations with the USSR ( Détente)

The policy of détente led to agreements

SALT I & SALT II: S trategic

A rms

L imitation

T alks

End of the Cold War Building more and more weapons to keep up with the USA crippled the Soviet economy It collapsed in 1991 despite attempts by Gorbachev to make structural changes By 1992, the Berlin wall had fallen, Eastern European became independent (satellites no more!) USA! USA! USA! USA! ...

Building more and more weapons to keep up with the USA crippled the Soviet economy

It collapsed in 1991 despite attempts by Gorbachev to make structural changes

By 1992, the Berlin wall had fallen, Eastern European became independent (satellites no more!)

USA! USA! USA! USA! ...

Communism ends in Russia The Soviet Union breaks up