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Forest Land Conversion: Threats and
Opportunities for Rural Western
Communities
   A presentation for:
   Rural Voices for Conservation
   Coalition
   November 15, 2007
   Stevenson, Washington
Forest Land Conversion: Rate

•About 1.5 million acres of private forests lost
each year to development and other non-forest
uses
•More than 20 million additional forested acres
conservatively lost by 2020
•Increased housing densities will impact more
than 44.2 million forested acres by 2030
Forest Land Conversion:
Western States
•362 million acres of western forests (including
Pacific Coast and Intermountain regions and
Alaska)
•67% privately owned
•At risk areas include Estes Park CO, Jackson
Hole WY, and Missoula MT
•Most significant conversion losses over next 50
years will be in California and western
Washington
    •20% of remaining California forests could
    be lost
California Forest Loss




•    CA lost roughly 40% of its forests between
    1700 - 2005: +/- 20 million acres.
• Today, 35,000 to 40,000 acres are lost each year.
  Increases projected.
Forest Loss and Urban Growth:
         Puget Sound




 • With new residents flocking to the Seattle metro
 area, its urban and suburban neighborhoods are
 rapidly expanding (salmon color is residential, urban)
 • Between 1988 and 2004, western Washington lost
 17% of its non-federal forest land to other uses
     Source: Washington Department of Natural Resources, “The Future of Washington
     Forests,” 2007.
Forest Land Conversion:
     Outline
•American Forests
•Rates and Causes
•Impacts
•Federal Policy Developments
•Opportunities to Engage
American Forests
American Forests




 Cover 1/3 of US; 747 million acres; 430
 million acres (58%) privately owned by
 close to 10 million private owners
Forest Land Conversion
Forest Land Conversion
 Causes: Growth Pressures
      Causes: Growth
 •Population growth, creates
 •Increased demands for
 housing and commercial
 development, creates
 •Growing economic
 disparity between land
 values for timber vs.
 development, leads to
 •Conversion to non-forest
 uses
Forest Land Conversion:
Forest Land Conversion:
   Other Causes
      Other Causes
   •Increased costs in
   timber industry
   •Global competition
   •Rapid turnover of
   corporate and family        QuickTime™ and a
                           Photo - JPEG decompressor
                          are needed to see this picture.


   forest ownership
   •“Traditional” TIMOs
   giving way to REITs
   and real estate
   arbitrage
Forest Land Conversion:
Forest Forest Land Conversion:
   A “Continuum of Loss”
   Land Conversion: A
   Outright conversion isof Loss
    Continuum easiest thetrack, but
                                  to
   forest loss is often caused by    gradual
      erosion of forest values:

      •Forest management practices over time
      •Fragmentation of ownership
      •Parcel size: <10 acres not functional forest
      •Influence of neighboring non-forest uses
Forest Land Conversion:
Forest Land Conversion:
  Impacts
                   Impacts
  •Species biodiversity and habitat loss
  •Weakened forest health
  •Decreases in timber production and active forest
  management
  •Increased fire risk
  •Increased risks to life and property
  •View and recreational losses
  •Poorer water quality and hydrologic changes


    Source: “Forests on the Edge” (USFS,
    2005)
Private forest acres
watershed development
Private forest % to be
impacted by housing
    development
Climate
    Impacts
    of Forest
    Land
    Loss
•   Forest loss is 2nd
    biggest source of
    global warming
    pollution
•   Keeping forests
    (in addition to
    reducing fossil
    fuel use) key to
    effective climate
    change strategy
Forest Loss is a
Climate Change
Challenge
 • Forests = 1/3 of Earth’s
 land base, but 1/2 lost
 between 1700-2000
 • Forest change currently
 contributes 25% of global
 CO2 emissions, equivalent
 to emissions from 1.4
 billion cars annually
 • Forest loss contributes
 40 - 50% of current excess
 CO2 in atmosphere
   Source: World Resources Institute
But Forests also a Climate Opportunity!




              QuickTime™ and a
         TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
          are needed to see this picture.




  Forests absorb CO2 as they grow and store
  it as woody tissue for centuries/millennia -- if
  they aren’t converted to other uses
Forest Land Conversion:
Federal Policy Developments
    Federal Policy Developments

    •Still primarily considered state and local issue
    (land use and zoning, “smart growth” initiatives)
    •However, conversion worries lie behind many
    forest land conservation programs
What’s Happening Now:
 Farm BillBill
           status
2007 Farm

•Current Farm Bill expires in September
•Diverse Forests in Farm Bill Coalition
successful in promoting forests in bill
•Number of Coalition priorities advanced
•House version (H.R. 2419) passed July 27th
•Senate version (S. Amend. 3500) stalled on
Floor over amendments
•If passed, Conference Committee next year
(presidential year)
•Bush Administration has threatened veto
2007 Farm Bill: Forestry
Forestry Title national policy
    Title
            statement
    Includes strong statements that conserving
    and managing working forest landscapes is a
    national priority, including for carbon
    sequestration (House version) and the
    protection of forests from threats, including
    development (Senate version)
2007 Farm Bill: Forestry
    Title
Community Forest and Open
      Community Forest and Open Space
            Space
      Conservation Program

      •Senate version only (no funding specified)
      •New USDA grant program; local gov’t and
      non-profits eligible; acquisitions in fee
      •Grants up to 50% of cost
      •Lands must be threatened by conversion
      or provide environmental or economic
      benefits to the community
      •Penalties for subsequent
      sale/development; but less secure than
      permanent easement?
Comprehensive Statewide
  2007 Farm Bill: Forestry
  Title
     Forest Planning
   Comprehensive Statewide Forest
   Planning

   •Provides funds and technical assistance to
   states developing forest resources
   assessment and plans
   •Plans to include provisions to achieve
   national forest priorities
   •$10 million per year in funding in both House
   and Senate versions
2007 Farm Bill: Conservation
Environmental Quality
 Title
 Incentives Program
 Environmental Quality Incentives Program
 (EQIP)

 •Voluntary working lands program for farmers
 and ranchers would be expanded to include
 forest landowners
 •USDA contracts to implement productivity and
 environmental BMPs
 •Includes technical assistance, and
 •Covers up to 75% of costs for up to 3 years
 •House version creates new Regional Water
 Enhancement Program
2007 Farm Bill: Conservation
Healthy Forests Reserve
 Title
           Program
  Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP)

  •Both versions reauthorize program to restore
  private forests, protect under ESA, and enhance
  carbon sequestration
  •Three options presently: 10-year cost-share; 30-
  year easement; or permanent easement
  •Federal financial support increases as levels of
  protection increase
  •Senate version continues permanent easements;
  House version does not
  •$10 million per year in House version; no specific
  appropriation in Senate version
2007 Farm Bill: Conservation
   Conservation Reserve
   Title
Program; State Tech Comm
   Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)

    •Extends program to provide technical and
    financial assistance to eligible farmers and
    ranchers to address soil, water and environmental
    issues on their property
    •House version extends program to private forest
    landowners

    State Technical Committees

    •Adds private forest landowner representation
Interior: Forest Legacy
   Program
Interior: Forest Legacy
   •Matching funds to states and landowners
          Program
   preserve forests from conversion (NGOs still
   can’t hold CEs)
   •$62.7 in House (up $5.3 million from 07)
   •41 states have requested $192 million for 82
   forest conservation projects
Opportunities to Engage
Opportunities to Engage
  •Urge your U.S. Senators to pass the Farm
  Bill now
  •Federal climate change bills:
    •Forests part of the solution…and problem
    •Forest landowners benefit from cap and trade
    •“Adaptation” funds for conservation
  •Regional: Western Climate Initiative
  •Support Interior Department funding for
  Forest Legacy Program
  •Focus also on state and local land use
  •Support Rural Voices for Conservation
  Coalition
Thank You
                    Thank you!

Kevin Raymond, Washington State Director
Tel 206.547.9249
kevin@pacificforest.org

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Forest Land Conversion: Threats And Opportunities For Rural Western Communities

  • 1. Forest Land Conversion: Threats and Opportunities for Rural Western Communities A presentation for: Rural Voices for Conservation Coalition November 15, 2007 Stevenson, Washington
  • 2. Forest Land Conversion: Rate •About 1.5 million acres of private forests lost each year to development and other non-forest uses •More than 20 million additional forested acres conservatively lost by 2020 •Increased housing densities will impact more than 44.2 million forested acres by 2030
  • 3. Forest Land Conversion: Western States •362 million acres of western forests (including Pacific Coast and Intermountain regions and Alaska) •67% privately owned •At risk areas include Estes Park CO, Jackson Hole WY, and Missoula MT •Most significant conversion losses over next 50 years will be in California and western Washington •20% of remaining California forests could be lost
  • 4. California Forest Loss • CA lost roughly 40% of its forests between 1700 - 2005: +/- 20 million acres. • Today, 35,000 to 40,000 acres are lost each year. Increases projected.
  • 5. Forest Loss and Urban Growth: Puget Sound • With new residents flocking to the Seattle metro area, its urban and suburban neighborhoods are rapidly expanding (salmon color is residential, urban) • Between 1988 and 2004, western Washington lost 17% of its non-federal forest land to other uses Source: Washington Department of Natural Resources, “The Future of Washington Forests,” 2007.
  • 6. Forest Land Conversion: Outline •American Forests •Rates and Causes •Impacts •Federal Policy Developments •Opportunities to Engage
  • 7. American Forests American Forests Cover 1/3 of US; 747 million acres; 430 million acres (58%) privately owned by close to 10 million private owners
  • 8. Forest Land Conversion Forest Land Conversion Causes: Growth Pressures Causes: Growth •Population growth, creates •Increased demands for housing and commercial development, creates •Growing economic disparity between land values for timber vs. development, leads to •Conversion to non-forest uses
  • 9. Forest Land Conversion: Forest Land Conversion: Other Causes Other Causes •Increased costs in timber industry •Global competition •Rapid turnover of corporate and family QuickTime™ and a Photo - JPEG decompressor are needed to see this picture. forest ownership •“Traditional” TIMOs giving way to REITs and real estate arbitrage
  • 10. Forest Land Conversion: Forest Forest Land Conversion: A “Continuum of Loss” Land Conversion: A Outright conversion isof Loss Continuum easiest thetrack, but to forest loss is often caused by gradual erosion of forest values: •Forest management practices over time •Fragmentation of ownership •Parcel size: <10 acres not functional forest •Influence of neighboring non-forest uses
  • 11. Forest Land Conversion: Forest Land Conversion: Impacts Impacts •Species biodiversity and habitat loss •Weakened forest health •Decreases in timber production and active forest management •Increased fire risk •Increased risks to life and property •View and recreational losses •Poorer water quality and hydrologic changes Source: “Forests on the Edge” (USFS, 2005)
  • 13. Private forest % to be impacted by housing development
  • 14. Climate Impacts of Forest Land Loss • Forest loss is 2nd biggest source of global warming pollution • Keeping forests (in addition to reducing fossil fuel use) key to effective climate change strategy
  • 15. Forest Loss is a Climate Change Challenge • Forests = 1/3 of Earth’s land base, but 1/2 lost between 1700-2000 • Forest change currently contributes 25% of global CO2 emissions, equivalent to emissions from 1.4 billion cars annually • Forest loss contributes 40 - 50% of current excess CO2 in atmosphere Source: World Resources Institute
  • 16. But Forests also a Climate Opportunity! QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Forests absorb CO2 as they grow and store it as woody tissue for centuries/millennia -- if they aren’t converted to other uses
  • 17. Forest Land Conversion: Federal Policy Developments Federal Policy Developments •Still primarily considered state and local issue (land use and zoning, “smart growth” initiatives) •However, conversion worries lie behind many forest land conservation programs
  • 18. What’s Happening Now: Farm BillBill status 2007 Farm •Current Farm Bill expires in September •Diverse Forests in Farm Bill Coalition successful in promoting forests in bill •Number of Coalition priorities advanced •House version (H.R. 2419) passed July 27th •Senate version (S. Amend. 3500) stalled on Floor over amendments •If passed, Conference Committee next year (presidential year) •Bush Administration has threatened veto
  • 19. 2007 Farm Bill: Forestry Forestry Title national policy Title statement Includes strong statements that conserving and managing working forest landscapes is a national priority, including for carbon sequestration (House version) and the protection of forests from threats, including development (Senate version)
  • 20. 2007 Farm Bill: Forestry Title Community Forest and Open Community Forest and Open Space Space Conservation Program •Senate version only (no funding specified) •New USDA grant program; local gov’t and non-profits eligible; acquisitions in fee •Grants up to 50% of cost •Lands must be threatened by conversion or provide environmental or economic benefits to the community •Penalties for subsequent sale/development; but less secure than permanent easement?
  • 21. Comprehensive Statewide 2007 Farm Bill: Forestry Title Forest Planning Comprehensive Statewide Forest Planning •Provides funds and technical assistance to states developing forest resources assessment and plans •Plans to include provisions to achieve national forest priorities •$10 million per year in funding in both House and Senate versions
  • 22. 2007 Farm Bill: Conservation Environmental Quality Title Incentives Program Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) •Voluntary working lands program for farmers and ranchers would be expanded to include forest landowners •USDA contracts to implement productivity and environmental BMPs •Includes technical assistance, and •Covers up to 75% of costs for up to 3 years •House version creates new Regional Water Enhancement Program
  • 23. 2007 Farm Bill: Conservation Healthy Forests Reserve Title Program Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP) •Both versions reauthorize program to restore private forests, protect under ESA, and enhance carbon sequestration •Three options presently: 10-year cost-share; 30- year easement; or permanent easement •Federal financial support increases as levels of protection increase •Senate version continues permanent easements; House version does not •$10 million per year in House version; no specific appropriation in Senate version
  • 24. 2007 Farm Bill: Conservation Conservation Reserve Title Program; State Tech Comm Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) •Extends program to provide technical and financial assistance to eligible farmers and ranchers to address soil, water and environmental issues on their property •House version extends program to private forest landowners State Technical Committees •Adds private forest landowner representation
  • 25. Interior: Forest Legacy Program Interior: Forest Legacy •Matching funds to states and landowners Program preserve forests from conversion (NGOs still can’t hold CEs) •$62.7 in House (up $5.3 million from 07) •41 states have requested $192 million for 82 forest conservation projects
  • 26. Opportunities to Engage Opportunities to Engage •Urge your U.S. Senators to pass the Farm Bill now •Federal climate change bills: •Forests part of the solution…and problem •Forest landowners benefit from cap and trade •“Adaptation” funds for conservation •Regional: Western Climate Initiative •Support Interior Department funding for Forest Legacy Program •Focus also on state and local land use •Support Rural Voices for Conservation Coalition
  • 27. Thank You Thank you! Kevin Raymond, Washington State Director Tel 206.547.9249 kevin@pacificforest.org