The Intellectual Culture of Physicians in Late 18 th Century Philadelphia

Why Physicians?

Why Philadelphia?

Why the Late 18 th Century?

Intellectual Culture Education Business Practices Scholarly Communication Sharing of Ideas

Education

Business Practices

Scholarly Communication

Sharing of Ideas

The Physicians William Shippen (1712-1801) Thomas Bond (1712-1784) John Redman (1722-1806) John Kearsley, Jr. (1724-1777) The Old Guard Thomas Cadwalader (1708-1799)

The Physicians John Morgan (1735-1789) Adam Kuhn (1741-1817) William Shippen, Jr. (1736-1808) The New(er) Guard Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)

Observations Education Pre-medical studies at a College (New Jersey) Apprenticeship Books… a few Clinical studies in London and/or Paris Theoretical studies (and M.D.) in Edinburgh or Leyden

Education

Pre-medical studies at a College (New Jersey)

Apprenticeship

Books… a few

Clinical studies in London and/or Paris

Theoretical studies (and M.D.) in Edinburgh or Leyden

Observations Business Practices Pennsylvania Hospital (1751) House visits on foot Fees Lectures, for a price (1762) Later, professorships (1765)

Business Practices

Pennsylvania Hospital (1751)

House visits on foot

Fees

Lectures, for a price (1762)

Later, professorships (1765)

Observations Scholarly Communication Few publications In Europe, salons Consultations In-fighting College of Physicians (1786) First professional medical assn in America Yellow Fever

Scholarly Communication

Few publications

In Europe, salons

Consultations

In-fighting

College of Physicians (1786)

First professional medical assn in America

Yellow Fever

Observations Specialization Physic Anatomy Surgery Apothecary Obstetrics

Specialization

Physic

Anatomy

Surgery

Apothecary

Obstetrics

Observations Politics and Public Relations Revolution kind to most Kearsley seized at bayonet point Dissections “ Man-Midwife”

Politics and Public Relations

Revolution kind to most

Kearsley seized at bayonet point

Dissections

“ Man-Midwife”

Sources Autobiographies, diaries, papers Histories of PA Hospital and College of Philadelphia History of Philadelphia History of medicine

Autobiographies, diaries, papers

Histories of PA Hospital and College of Philadelphia

History of Philadelphia

History of medicine