Unification of Italy and Germany

Unification of Italy
What ‘s in Name?
1.Based upon the following nickname, identify what qualities each of these people would possess:
The Soul
The Brain
The Sword
2. Create a nickname that is representative of who you are as a person.

What inspired the unification of Italy?

The Leaders of Unification
Giuseppe Mazzini 1805-1872
Camillo Cavour 1810-1861
Guiseppe Garabaldi 1807-1882
These influential leaders helped create a united Italy .

Nationalism Grows
Italy was divided into many small states.
Congress of Vienna redivided Italy and put much of it under Austrian or Spanish control.
Italy was completely fragmented.

Problems with Unification
Nationalist wanted unity but regional differences worked against them
Austria ruled Northern Italy
Catholic Church controlled central Italy

Giuseppe Mazzini
1805-1872
A rebel
Founds Young Italy , a secret nationalist society
Spends years in exile for his views.
Writings and speeches provide inspiration to the nationalist movement
Nickname the “Soul”
“ The secret of being able to do something lies in wanting to do it”

Camillo Cavour
1810-1861
A statesman
Prime minister of Sardina
Strengthens the economy, form foreign alliances
Launches wars to gain lands and build power.
Used diplomacy and war to drive Austrian power from Italy
The “Brain”

Giuseppe Garabaldi
1807-1882.
A soldier.
Member of young Italy.
Leads a volunteer army know as the red shirts.
Spends many years in exile.
Won control of southern Italy and help to unite it with the north.
The “sword.”

Garibaldi Enters Naples!

Before and after Italian Unification

Who said it?
“ Here we make Italy-or die!”
Garabaldi the “Sword”

Who said it?
“ In my Pride as an Italian, I Had dreamed that it would be our work perhaps- my own country is the only one which died to be reborn to a second life more spendid than the first.”
Mazzini the “Soul”

Who said it?
“ In order to acquire more territory for Piedmont-Sardina I must build and find allies”
Cavour the “Brain”

Final Thoughts
Risorgimento : Refers to the revival of the nationalist movement.
“ Love Italy always, and love as far as you can.”
Mazzini 8-16-1847
Risorgimento

German Unification “ The great questions of our day, cannot be settled by speeches and majority votes, but by blood and iron.” Otto Von Bismarck
Describe the meaning of this quote.
What methods would Bismarck use to create a united Germany?

German Unification German Confederation was formed after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. Austria considered itself the leader – Organized centralized government and strong military

German Unification 1862 – King of Prussia appointed Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister Bismarck began to build up the military and followed a policy known as “Blood and Iron,” the use of war to unite the German states under one rule… not Austrian, but Prussian rule! “ Blood and Iron”

Three Wars of Unification In 1864 a short war with Denmark broke out. Prussia and Austria won, and no other foreign powers intervened. It was decided that Schleswig was to be under Prussian control and Holstein under Austrian control. Bismarck wasn’t finished in his endeavor to create a united Germany yet. In 1866, He provoked a war with Austria to completely annex Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia, or at least have indirect control over the government. Prussian-Danish War Austro-Prussian War

Bismarck would not be satisfied until all the German states were united under Prussian rule. He decided to rally them against a common enemy… the French. However, Bismarck needed the French to declare war on the Germans. How was he going to make that happen?

Needed Common Enemy The public release of the Ems Dispatch, which played up alleged insults between the Prussian king and the French ambassador, inflamed public opinion on both sides. France mobilized, and declared war on Prussia only, but the other German states quickly joined on Prussia's side.

Franco-Prussian War "The Ems Telegram should have the desired effect of waving a red cape in front of the face of the Gallic [French] Bull.“ - Bismarck

Franco Prussian War The Germans defeated the French and at the end of the war, all German states joined with Prussia to form a united German Nation.

German Nation Germans accepted rule by a single person, Kaiser Wilhelm I. Otto von Bismarck was named Chancellor and had total power. There was no legislature. Kaiser Wilhelm I Bismarck used policy of “Realpolitik” to govern. He acted with little regard to ethics, morals or legalities to do what he thought was best for the nation. His goal was to strengthen the military and industrialize Germany, Blood and Iron! Realpolitik

Will it all fit under one hat? What did the German helmet come to symbolize? What is the name of the policy for building up a nation’s military called? Militarism Military Threat

Unification of Italy and Germany

by Greg Sill on Dec 11, 2008

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