The document discusses integrating remote sensing, spatial analysis, and a certainty factor (CF) model for waste dumping risk assessment. Spatial factors like distance to dikes, rivers, idle lands etc. were used. FORMOSAT-2 imagery and hybrid classification were used to map suspected dumping areas. A CF model was used to combine the factors and generate a risk map. Validating with 45 dumping cases showed 75.56% prediction in high risk areas. The approach provides a reliable risk assessment to help environmental inspectors focus patrols.