agri_tdx_igarss2011_hajnsek_comp_final.pdf

TanDEM-X: Pol-InSAR over Agricultural Areas*Irena Hajnsek, Kostas Papathanassiou, Florian Kugler Microwaves and Radar Institute, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany* Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland IGARSS’11, Vancouver

Agricultural Parameter Estimation: Current Research StatusScat Developed Research Physical Products ObservablesMechanisms Methods StatusBare surface X-Bragg Soil Moisture Content PolSAR medium(surface Soil Roughness @ longer l maturescattering, Soil Penetration Depthdihedral scat.)Vegetated Decomposition Topography PolSAR lowsurface Theorems Soil Moisture Content Pol-InSAR mature(surface, Soil Roughness D-InSARdihedral, @ longer lvolume scat.)Vegetation RVoGM Vegetation Height PolSAR lowvolume OVoGM Vegetation Extinction InSAR mature(volume, PCT Vegetation Structure Pol-InSARdihedral scat.) Vegetation Biomass @ shorter l Slide 2

Kz Range for Agricultural Applications Adapted to TanDEM-X system configuration For a crop height of 1-2.5m a kz between Incidence angle fixed for 30 degree 2-3 provides the best sensitivity Slide 6

Kz Range Translated into Baseline (TanDEM-X Configuration) For a kz of 2-3 baselines from 2-3km would be ideal corresponding to a height of ambiguity of ~ 2-3m. Slide 7

Agricultural Test Site Wallerfing (North of Munich) 1 km Acqu. Dates Comments / Ground Campaign HOA/baseline/kz maize 12.04 acquired, no on-site measurements 38m/133m/0.047 23.04 acquired, no on-sitewinter wheat measurements -- rape 04.05 acquired, on-site measurements 33m/153m/0.041 15.05 acquired, on-site measurements 32m/160m/0.039 26.05 acquired, on-site measurements 30m/167m/0.038 06.06 corrupted -- 17.06 acquired, no on-site measurements -- 28.06 acquired, on-site measurements -- 09.07 planed -- 20.07 planed -- 31.07 planed -- 11.08 planed -- Slide 8 22.08 planed --

Site Overview – Phenology 04. May 2011 (blue marks: soil moisture; yellow marks: vegetation & partly soil moisture) maize winter wheat rape seedheight = 0 cm height = 26 cm height = 131 cm Slide 9

Site overview – Phenology 15./26. May 2011 maize winter wheat rape seedheight = 5 cm height = 36 cm height = 126 cmheight = 25 cm height = 51 cm height = 133 cm Slide 10

Meteo Data: Daily Precipitation 01.04.-31.05.2011 © StMELF Agrarmeteo Temperature and Precipitation 25 30 25 20 precipitation [mm] temperature [°C] 20 15 RAINSUM TA200AVG 15 TS005AVG 10 10 5 5 Data take 0 0 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 01 08 15 22 29 06 13 20 27 date Slide 11

TanDEM-X: Dual-Pol InSAR: First Bistatic Data TakesDate: 12/04Year: 2011Pol: HH & VVStripmap Mode Slide 12 Test Site: Wallerfing, Germany

2-Dim Polarimetric Scattering Entropy12.04.2011 04.05.2011 15.05.2011 26.05.2011 Slide 16

2-Dim Polarimetric Scattering Angle12.04.2011 04.05.2011 15.05.2011 26.05.2011 α=90° α=45° α=0° Slide 17

SNR correction Interferometric coherence VV-Pol 04/05/2011 Test Site: Wallerfing, Germany Slide 18

SNR correction Coherence VV 4th May 2011 04/05/2011 HH VV Terra SAR-X NESZ Polynomials (from xml files) HH VV TanDEM-X Test Site: Wallerfing, Germany Slide 19

Pol-InSAR SNR Correction Interferometric coherence VV-Pol Interferometric coherence VV-Pol before SNR correction after SNR correction 04.05.2011 Test Site: Wallerfing, Germany Slide 20

Pol-InSAR SNR Correction Interferometric coherence HH-Pol Interferometric coherence HH-Pol before SNR correction after SNR correction 04.05.2011 Test Site: Wallerfing, Germany Slide 21

VV Coherence12.04.2011 04.05.2011 15.05.2011 26.05.2011 Slide 22

HH Coherence12.04.2011 04.05.2011 15.05.2011 26.05.2011 Slide 23

Max Coherence12.04.2011 04.05.2011 15.05.2011 26.05.2011 Slide 24

Min Coherence12.04.2011 04.05.2011 15.05.2011 26.05.2011 Slide 25

Pol-InSAR SNR Masking Interferometric coherence Max Interferometric coherence Min 04.05.2011 Test Site: Wallerfing, Germany Slide 26

Pol-InSAR SNR Masking Interferometric coherence Max Interferometric coherence Min04.05.2011 Test Site: Wallerfing, Germany Slide 27

Pol-InSAR SNR Masking12.04.2011 04.05.2011 15.05.2011 26.05.2011 Slide 28

InSAR Coherence VV-pol: Zoom for Field Selection 12/04 04/05 15/05 26/05 Slide 29

Statistics of the InSAR Coherence (3 Fields) Interferometric coherence measured as a mean over the entire field Red: rape, Green: corn, Blue: wheat Red: rape, Green: corn, Blue: wheat Slide 30

Dual Pol-InSAR: Maximum Phase Difference Estimation    Interferometric Coherence: ~( w i , w i ) at polarisation w i γ     ~( w , w )   w i [Ω]w i  γ i i      w i [T11]w i  w i [T22 ]w i  ~      Coherence Region: γ( w i , w i )  w i  awHH  bw VV a,b  C   ~( w , w ) γ max max   Max. Phase diff. between polarisations ~( w , w ) γ min min Slide 31

Dual Pol-InSAR: Max Height Difference12.04.2011 15.05.2011 04.05.2011 26.05.2011 Slide 32

Statistics of the Max Phase Difference & Height Difference Red: rape Red: rape Green: corn Green: corn Blue: wheat Blue: wheat Main problem: Too low kz Very short vegetation Solution: Special 3-4 months TanDEM-X phase for growing crops (hopefully in the third year) Slide 33

First Pol-InSARData TakesDual-Pol HH-VV SpotlightTest Site Location: RussiaInSAR Mode: MonostaticTemporal Baseline: 3secSpatial Baseline (┴): 275m Slide 34

Pol-InSAR HH VV Amplitude Images Interferometric HH-HH VV-VV Coherence Slide 35

Pol-InSARKz: 0.24HOA: 26Baseline: 252mAOI: 39°Max height difference0 1 2 [m] 3 Slide 36

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