Civil Rights Movement Segregation Unconstitutional? Mr. Grifhorst’s U.S. History 10 th grade

Movement Origins Emmett Till (click name to see my digital story of Emmett Till) 14 yr. old African American (July 25, 1941 – August 28, 1955) Told a white female store clerk, “Bye, baby” Beaten, killed, and thrown in Tallahatchie River with a cotton gin fan to weigh him down Two guilty white men acquitted by all white jury

Emmett Till (click name to see my digital story of Emmett Till)

14 yr. old African American (July 25, 1941 – August 28, 1955)

Told a white female store clerk, “Bye, baby”

Beaten, killed, and thrown in Tallahatchie River with a cotton gin fan to weigh him down

Two guilty white men acquitted by all white jury

Emmett Till’s Murder

Movement Origins Rosa Parks Dec. 1 1955 boarded a public bus in Montgomery Sat behind reserved seats in front. Bus driver told her to move when a white man was standing. She was arrested for refusing to stand.

Rosa Parks

Dec. 1 1955 boarded a public bus in Montgomery

Sat behind reserved seats in front. Bus driver told her to move when a white man was standing.

She was arrested for refusing to stand.

Rosa Parks cont. NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) use Rosa Parks as a means to challenge bus segregation Marked the beginning of the bus boycott in Montgomery Began a new era of the civil rights movement Boycott was a dramatic success

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) use Rosa Parks as a means to challenge bus segregation

Marked the beginning of the bus boycott in Montgomery

Began a new era of the civil rights movement

Boycott was a dramatic success

Movement Origins Martin Luther King Jr. 26 Year old Pastor elected to negotiate with city leaders for an end to segregation King Believed that the only way to end segregation and racism was through nonviolent passive resistance.

Martin Luther King Jr.

26 Year old Pastor elected to negotiate with city leaders for an end to segregation

King Believed that the only way to end segregation and racism was through nonviolent passive resistance.

MLK/Rosa Parks cont. King drew upon the Philosophy of Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian leader, who used nonviolence to challenge the British rule in India. Stirred by King’s powerful words, the Montgomery bus boycott continued for over a year. Car pools were organized and many walked to work.

King drew upon the Philosophy of Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian leader, who used nonviolence to challenge the British rule in India.

Stirred by King’s powerful words, the Montgomery bus boycott continued for over a year.

Car pools were organized and many walked to work.

MLK/Rosa Parks Cont. In November 1956, the Supreme Court affirmed the decision that Alabama’s laws requiring segregation on buses was unconstitutional. Following the bus boycott African American ministers led by King established the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

In November 1956, the Supreme Court affirmed the decision that Alabama’s laws requiring segregation on buses was unconstitutional.

Following the bus boycott African American ministers led by King established the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

MLK Cont. With King as the first president of the SCLC they set out to eliminate segregation and encourage African Americans to register to vote.

With King as the first president of the SCLC they set out to eliminate segregation and encourage African Americans to register to vote.

Movement Origins Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993) Represented NAACP in the Brown vs. Board of Education Case. Won 29 out of 32 cases argued before the Supreme Court Later became the 1 st African American to serve on the Supreme Court

Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993)

Represented NAACP in the Brown vs. Board of Education Case.

Won 29 out of 32 cases argued before the Supreme Court

Later became the 1 st African American to serve on the Supreme Court

A few court cases won by Marshall Smith v. Allwright (1944) Political parties cannot deny voting rights in party primaries on the basis of race Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) States cannot enforce private agreements to discriminate on the basis of race in the sale of property.

Smith v. Allwright (1944)

Political parties cannot deny voting rights in party primaries on the basis of race

Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)

States cannot enforce private agreements to discriminate on the basis of race in the sale of property.

Cont. Sweatt v. Painter (1950) Law schools segregated by race are inherently unequal

Sweatt v. Painter (1950)

Law schools segregated by race are inherently unequal

Thurgood Marshall Cont. Several cases were combined on the issue of segregation in schools in order to issue a general ruling Brown v. Board of Education Linda Brown, an African American girl, was denied admission to her neighborhood school in Topeka Kansas because of her race

Several cases were combined on the issue of segregation in schools in order to issue a general ruling

Brown v. Board of Education

Linda Brown, an African American girl, was denied admission to her neighborhood school in Topeka Kansas because of her race

Brown v. Board of Education cont. The Supreme Court ruled in a historic decision unanimously that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and violated the equal protection clause of the fourteenth Amendment Chief Justice Earl Warren summed up the courts decision by stating, “ In the field of education, the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

The Supreme Court ruled in a historic decision unanimously that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and violated the equal protection clause of the fourteenth Amendment

Chief Justice Earl Warren summed up the courts decision by stating, “ In the field of education, the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

Brown v. Board of Education cont. The Brown Decision marked a dramatic reversal of the precedent established in the Plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896 This decision angered many white southerners who became even more determined to defend segregation

The Brown Decision marked a dramatic reversal of the precedent established in the Plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896

This decision angered many white southerners who became even more determined to defend segregation

Brown v. Board of Education cont. The court ordered the schools to procede in desegregation, “with all deliberate speed,” The wording in the ruling was vague enough to case many district to drag their feet and remain segregated for many more years.

The court ordered the schools to procede in desegregation, “with all deliberate speed,”

The wording in the ruling was vague enough to case many district to drag their feet and remain segregated for many more years.

Bibliography http://www.flickr.com/photos/11304375@N07/2534273097/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/11304375@N07/2534273093/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/rbanks/1257574/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/radiospike/56555132/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/k9mq/2829673512/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/halcyon/439222735/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/giltastic/3208489301/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/tifotter/3002180792/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/nostri-imago/3012228318/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/takomabibelot/2480641906/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/techne/156907047/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/wolflawlibrary/2860517990/ Grifhorst, Aaron. The Murder of Emmett Till. 2009. http:// grifhorst.wikispaces.com/Digital+Storytelling Appleby, Brinkley, Broussard, McPherson, Ritchie. “ Modern Times.” The American Vision . Columbus Ohio: Glencoe. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/11304375@N07/2534273097/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/11304375@N07/2534273093/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/rbanks/1257574/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/radiospike/56555132/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/k9mq/2829673512/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/halcyon/439222735/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/giltastic/3208489301/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/tifotter/3002180792/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/nostri-imago/3012228318/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/takomabibelot/2480641906/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/techne/156907047/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/wolflawlibrary/2860517990/

Grifhorst, Aaron. The Murder of Emmett Till. 2009. http:// grifhorst.wikispaces.com/Digital+Storytelling

Appleby, Brinkley, Broussard, McPherson, Ritchie. “ Modern Times.” The American Vision . Columbus Ohio: Glencoe. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008.