Realtime Web
by Jason Griffey on Sep 25, 2009
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Stefanie Zhao
Research reported in New Scientist in May 2008[88] found that blogs, maps, photo sites and instant messaging systems like Twitter did a better job of getting information out during emergencies than either the traditional news media or government emergency services. The study also found that those using Twitter during the fires in California in October 2007 kept their followers (who were often friends and neighbors) informed of their whereabouts and of the location of various fires minute by minute. Organizations that support relief efforts are also using Twitter. The American Red Cross started using Twitter[89] to exchange minute-to-minute information about local disasters including statistics and directions.[90]
During the 2008 Mumbai attacks eyewitnesses sent an estimated 80 tweets every 5 seconds. Twitter users on the ground helped compile a list of the dead and injured. In addition, users sent out vital information such as emergency phone numbers and the location of hospitals needing blood donations.[91] CNN called this "the day that social media appeared to come of age" since many different groups made significant use of Twitter to gather news and coordinate responses.[91]
In January 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 experienced multiple bird strikes and had to be ditched in the Hudson River. Janis Krums, a passenger on one of the ferries that rushed to help, took a picture of the downed plane as passengers were still evacuating and sent it to Twitpic before any other media arrived at the scene.[92][93]
The Australian Country Fire Authority used Twitter to send out regular alerts and updates regarding the February 2009 Victorian bushfires.[94] During this time the Prime Minister of Australia, Kevin Rudd, also used his Twitter account to send out information on the fires, how to donate money and blood, and where to seek emergency help.[95]
Also in April, public health departments used Twitter to provide updates on H1N1 cases.[96]
Use in criminal proceedings
The first criminal prosecution arising from Twitter posts began in April 2009. Agents of the FBI arrested Daniel Knight Hayden, a supporter of the Tea Party protests against the policies of US President Barack Obama. Hayden was allegedly sending tweets threatening violence in connection with his plan to attend that protest in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.[97]
In July 2009, Horizon Realty Group, a Chicago real estate management company, sued a former tenant, Amanda Bonnen, for libel based on a Twitter message sent to friends. Horizon contends that Bonnen defamed Horizon by posting a tweet to her friends that said, "You should just come anyway. Who said sleeping in a moldy apartment was bad for you? Horizon realty thinks it's ok." Horizon asked for at least $50,000 for the alleged libel.[98] The lawsuit prompted widespread comment from journalists, bloggers, and legal experts.[99]
Under PubSubHubbub, there is an ecosystem of publishers, subscribers, and hubs [1].
A subscriber initially pulls the Atom or RSS feed in the conventional way, i.e. by requesting it from the feed server. The subscriber then inspects the feed, and if it references a hub, the subscriber can subscribe to the feed URL topic on that hub. The subscriber runs a server so that hubs can directly notify it when any of its subscribed topics have updated.
Publishers expose their content as Atom or RSS feeds, but with the inclusion of hub references. They post notifications to those referenced hubs whenever they publish something. Thus, when a publication event occurs, the publisher calls its hubs and the hubs call their subscribers.
Another protocol providing roughly the same is PubSubHubbub.
RSS. Simple syndication....a simple call and response system, and the web in general
RSS. Simple syndication....a simple call and response system, and the web in general
RSS. Simple syndication....a simple call and response system, and the web in general
RSS. Simple syndication....a simple call and response system, and the web in general