Toward Universal e-Learning

Toward Universal e-Learning June 17, 2004 Greg Shin ( 신승식 ) http://ituniv.or.kr http:// gregshin.pe.kr /blog e-Learning 센터 , 정보통신사이버대학

Table of Contents

E-learning features

Unique features

E-Learning outreach

Universal design

Universality of the Web

Self-checkpoints

Principles of universal e-learning

Universal e-learning content

Interoperability

Accessibility

Semantics

Separate structure from presentation

Benefits of universal e-learning

Problems to be solved

I. Features of E-Learning

Unique features of e-learning

E-learning outreach

1. Unique Features of e-learning

E-learning is the only window to the knowledge world for some people.

People with disability

People alienated

People not affordable for classroom training of high quality

Only e-learning can accommodate for the individual learner.

Learner control

Learner preference

Sustainable (human) contact with learners

I. Features of E-Learning

2. E-Learning Outreach What SCORM does for! e-learning content e-learning service I. Features of E-Learning Accessibility Interoperability Semantic Richness Machine Readable Machine Searchable Automatically Organized Knowledge Quality Learning for All Different People Old Inexperienced Cognitive Disabled Blind Low vision Color Blind Deaf Mobility Impaired PhotoSensitive Epilepsy Temporally Disabled Different Culture Different Language Different System Different Servers Different Clients Different OS’s Different Browsers Different Versions Black&White Display Printed Voiced Different LMS Different Vendors Different Server Environments Environmental Difference Noisy Environment Public Library Slow Connection Low Resolution On the go Unaffordable

II. Universal Design

Universality Web

Non-normative Checkpoints

1. Universality of the Web

independence of

Hardware platform

Software platform - OS

Application Software

Network access

Public, Group, or Personal scope

Scribbled idea to polished publication

Language and culture

Disability

Data for machines or Documents for people

Source: The future of the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee II. Universal Design

2. Is your learning content…?

valid with HTML 4 and CSS2, DOM spec?

acceptable on Mac/Linux, Mozilla/Opera?

flexible enough for small screens?

easily understandable for novice learners?

operable via keyboard?

readable through screen readers?

ready for i18n, or l10n?

excluding some learners intentionally?

reachable by general search robot?

II. Universal Design

III. Principles of Universal E-Learning

Universal e-learning content

Interoperability

Accessibility

Semantics

Separate structure from presentation

1. Universal e-learning content

Traditional learning objects

Universal learning objects

III. Principles of Universal e-Learning within domain across domains within domain across domains SCORM 1.2 SCORM 2004

Universal e-Learning Model

Universal

E-Learning

Human Involvement

Collaboration

Mentoring

Guiding

Discussion

Interaction

III. Principles of Universal e-Learning Self-Expanding Learning Self-Organizing Learning Material Universal Web Accessible Regardless of Learner Difference Interoperable Regardless of Machine Difference Semantic Regardless of Vocabularies Robust Regardless of Presentation Mode

1. Interoperability

Standard Compliance

HTML 4 (XHTML 1, XML 1)

CSS 2

ECMA-262

DOM

Robustness of Structure

Browser Compatibility

Utilizing CSS

Scalability

Avoidance of Proprietary Technologies

ActiveX

Extended tags(element, attributes), objects

Non-standard scripts, applets

Deprecated technologies

III. Principles of Universal e-Learning

1. Interoperability: Example

Viewport Independence

III. Principles of Universal e-Learning > 1. Interoperability

2. Accessibility: Norms

World wide

W3C(1999), Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0

US(1998), Section 508 of Rehabilitation Act

UK(1995), Disability Discrimination Act

Australia(1992), Disability Discrimination Act

IMS(2002), Guidelines for Developing Accessible Learning Applications

IMS(2003), Learner Information Package Accessibility

Domestic

정통부 (2002), 장애인 노인 등의 정보통신 접근성 향상을 위한 권장지침

K-WCAG 1.0 (in processing)

III. Principles of Universal e-Learning > 2. Accessibility

Assistive Technologies

For input and output

III. Principles of Universal e-Learning > 2. Accessibility Braille Display Screen Reader Screen Magnifier Speech Recognition One Hand Keyboard Foot Mouse Joystick Eye Gaze System

Design guidelines for the disabled

Examples of design requirements for people with different kinds of disabilities include:

Visual:

described graphics or video;

well marked-up tables or frames;

keyboard support, screen reader compatibility;

Hearing:

captioning for audio, supplemental illustration;

Physical, Speech:

keyboard or single-switch support;

alternatives for speech input on voice portals;

Cognitive, Neurological:

consistent navigation, appropriate language level;

illustration; no flickering designs.

Source: http://www.w3.org/Talks/WAI-Intro/slide6-0.html III. Principles of Universal e-Learning > 2. Accessibility

Accessibility: General Principles

Provide alternate access route.

Provide multi-modality.

Use gracefully transforming technology.

Think device independence.

Organize robust structure. (not necessarily same as “robust design”)

Think forward & backward compatibility.

Maximize user control.

Accessible Learning Products

Content

Thomson NETg

Web Conference

Horizon Live, …

Learning Management System

Black Board, THINQ, Pathlore, ATutor

Authoring(Developing) Tools

Macromedia Flash MX

Trivantis Lectora

Accessible Products: Example 1

Horizon Live

Accessible Products: Example 2

Thomson NETg : Learning Studio

3. Semantic Web

Semantic Web

provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries.

is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning , better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.

III. Principles of Universal e-Learning > 3. Semantics

Semantic e-Learning

HTML has already limited semantic features!

Link types

Alternate, Stylesheet, Next, Prev, Contents, Index, Glossary, Copyright, Chapter, Section, Subsection, Appendix, Help, Bookmark

Structural Markup

<h1>, <h2>, <q>, <dl>, <ol>, <acronym>, <title>, title,…

URI, Unicode, UTC

Correction history: <del>, <ins>

Metadata (DC)

III. Principles of Universal e-Learning > 3. Semantics

Semantic (Learning) Material: Example

Semantic Presentation Slides

III. Principles of Universal e-Learning > 3. Semantics Overview Slide1 slide14 Slide12 Slide20 Overview Screen.css Lee Copyright Doc Korean Translations Printer.css First Prev Top TOC Next Last Author Copyright Alternate Style Primary Style Alternate Version

4. Separation of Presentation