Introduction to GreenTouch

GreenTouch Consortium: Building the Roadmap Dan Kilper Chair, Technical Committee

2020 ICT Carbon Footprint 820m tons CO2 360m tons CO22007 Worldwide ICTcarbon footprint:2% = 830 m tonsCO2Comparable to theglobal aviationindustry 260m tons CO2Expected to grow The Climate Group, GeSIto 4% by 2020 Report ―Smart 2020‖, 2008 © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Tightening Energy Bottleneck Bandwidth, Services, A pplications Capacity limits for  Deploying new existing technology and Energy efficient by power/thermal equipment budgets Publicly visible good-will provided by being "Green"  With energy costs sky- Proactive stance in reducing Internet rocketing, increasing share of operations cost greenhouse gas emissions  Cooling is high percentage Customers feel better about of network power service provider . . . leading consumption (20% to 50%) to revenue growth© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Fiber Capacity Deficit or “Crunch” Data Penny Calls, What next? 24/7 Connection 10x Gb/s Traffic Voice Only call on Commercial weekends Systems 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Year© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

The Network Energy Gap 50 40 Mobile Traffic Internet Data Backbone 30 Growth Growing Gap! 20 Mobile Efficiency 10 Wireline Efficiency 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year Kilper, et. al., IEEE JSTQE 2011© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Ideal Efficiency Improvements on BAU: Flat in 2020  Improving network efficiency at best keeps power consumption flat over next decade  What happens after 2020?  Can only use ‗sleep modes‘ once 100 BAU Current technology will only Power/User (W) sustain us for another decade: how do we go beyond? 10 Optimistic Improvements 1 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Year© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

ICT Industry Responds  First Step: metrics, awareness, standards, call to action  Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI)  ITU-T  GreenGrid Semiconductor Industry Already Organized for the  Next Step: Cooperation, Action Long View:  EARTH: LTE 2x ITRS 15 years out  Mobile VCE: Green Radio 100x  Institute for Energy Efficiency: Wireless and Optical 100x  GreenTouch: ICT Networks 1000x© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

What is GreenTouch? GreenTouch Mission By 2015, our goal is to deliver the architecture, specifications and roadmap — and demonstrate key components — needed to increase network energy efficiency by a factor of 1000 from current levels.  Broad, open and global consortium executing research projects to achieve aggressive goal  Roadmap organization establishing reference architectures and research targets to overcome major challenges facing network scaling and energy  Venue for cooperation and enabling demonstrations among research organizations  Forum for the exchange of information on energy trends, challenges, & research on communication networks© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

GreenTouch Members  AT&T Services  France Telecom  Swisscom  Athens Information  Freescale Semiconductor  TNO Technology (AIT) Center  Fujitsu  Tsinghua University for Research & Education  Huawei  TTI  Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent  IBBT  TU Dresden  Broadcom  IMEC  University College London  Carnegie Mellon  INRIA  University of Cambridge University  CEA-LETI Applied  KAIST  University of Delaware Research Institute for  Karlsruhe Institute of  University of L‘Aquila Microelectronics Technology  University of Leeds  China Mobile  Katholieke Universiteit  University of Manchester  Chunghwa Telecom Leuven (K.U. Leuven)  University of Maryland  Columbia University  King Abdulaziz City for  University of Melbourne‘s Science and Technology Institute for a Broadband-  Commscope/Andrew  KT Corporation  Draka Communications Enabled Society (IBES)  National ICTA Australia  University of New South  Dublin City University  Nippon Telegraph and Wales  ETRI Telephone Corp  University of Paderborn  ES Network/Lawrence  Politecnico di Torino  University of Rochester Berkeley Labs  Portugal Telecom  Fondazione Politecnico di  University of Toronto Inovação, S.A.  Waterford Institute of Milano  Samsung (SAIT)  Fraunhofer-Geselleschaft Technology  Seoul National University  ZTE GreenTouch : Building the Roadmap | 2011© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

GreenTouch Organization Executive Board Gee Rittenhouse Technical Committee Operations Committee Dan Kilper, Shugong Xu Thierry V. Landegem, Kevin Kemp Services, Applications Trends Network Committee Steve Korotky , Bian Sen Kerry Hinton Working Groups© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

GreenTouch Working Groups Working Groups Access Networks Wireline Access Mobile Communications Core Networks Networks U. Barth, P. Vetter, L. Lefevre E. Calvanese-Strinati Optical Networking & Switching Transmission and Routing W. Shieh, C. Dorize T. Klein, J. Elmirghani© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

GreenTouch Approach  Bottom Up Research Organization  Use of models to structure and guide research and collaboration  Funding through member contributions & external sources  Gauge impact of innovations on:  Alternative metrics (carbon footprint, network power, embedded energy)  Adjacent technologies (data centers, handsets)  Measure, model and predict energy consumption in ICT networks (equipment trends, traffic, deployment)© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Targets and Challenges 2 How do we 10 prevent this? What are Power/User (W) 1 10 Wireline Access the major technical 10 0 obstacles? If we wait -1 10 until 2020, won‘ t see 2010 2015 2020 solution until 2030! Year© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Consortium 5 Year Goal 100  Define architectures 1000x Target  Demonstrate tech. 10 Use models for Efficiency (Mb/s/W) network in 2020 to 1 0.1 set technology demonstration 0.01 Total Network: requirements BAU 1E-3 1E-4 2010 2015 2020© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Year

Use Architecture Models & Targets to Track Progress 1000 Goal Network Eff. Improvement Remaining targets achieved 100 12 targets achieved 1 target 10 achieved 3 targets Architecture 1 Architecture 2 achieved Architecture 3 1 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Define architectures and track research results  Identify targets for each architecture and update network efficiency in model as targets are achieved • Working groups define targets and evaluate completion • Targets can be achieved within GreenTouch projects or from broader community • Identify gaps in effort and solicit new activities© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Modeling Provides Clear Picture of Goals • Baseline year 2010 • Target year 2020 • GreenTouch results in five years: 2015 DRAFT 1.E+04 Efficiency in Mbps/W GreenTouch 5 year Goal: Element efficiency demonstration MODEL targets for model 2020 network 1.E+03 Overall network efficiency target in 2020 Efficiency in Target Year 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 Access Transport Rtg&Swg Mobile Overall© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Roadmap Details UnderwayGPON XGPON After sleep mode  Draft wireline access 2.0 cpe trend Efficient HW design  Draft Core Opt Ntwk 1.8 transponder model 1.6 Virtual HGW 1.4 Tx: P(W) Notes BI PON Mux 0.40 10pJ/b 1.2 Driver 1.00 25pJ/b (RF overlay) Home gateway processor Laser 0.06 1.5pJ/bWatt/User Voice user interface Mod 0.16 4pJ/b 1.0 Data user interface (Ethernet and Wireless) Subtotal 1.62 PON digital 0.8 OE PON Rx: PhotoRx 0.144 3.6pJ/b 0.6 Low power circuits DeMux Subtotal 0.80 0.95 20pJ/b beyond CMOS 0.4 2.56W 20% +Inefficiencie 10.25W 80% s 0.2 Pfunction 12.81W Overheads 12.81W 0.0 Total 25.6W 2010 2011 2012 2013 2016 2017 2020 © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Structure Services, Applications & Trends Mobile Wireline Access Core Switching Core Optical Communications Networks & Routing Networking & Transmission 2000X 1600X 400X 20X© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Some Research Projects… Beyond Cellular – Green Mobile Networks Virtual Home Gateway Optimal End-to-End Resource Allocation Service Energy Aware Optical Networks Steady Green Transmission Technologies flow of new Minimum Energy Access Architectures Projects Single-Chip Linecards & coop. Large-Scale Antenna Systems activities Highly-Adaptive Layer Mesh Networks Massive MIMO© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Beyond Cellular Mobile Separating Data Network from Signaling Network Data Network Signaling Network Collaborators: Polimi Bell Labs Huawei Samsung INRIA Mobile Communications Working Group© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Wireline Access DSP Platforms for Wireless Min. Energy Access Sleep Modes Home Network Architectures Un-cooled Tunable Lasers Virtual Home Low Power Novel PON Gateway OFDM in Optical Protocols; Low Fiber in the Access Power Customer Home Premises Equipment© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Single-Chip Router Linecards Multiple Cores Cross-X Optical Fiber Silicon CMOS Photonics Content Cache Hybrid Electronic – Photonic Chip Core Switching & Routing Working Group© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Cooperation Among Diverse Research Groups & Consortia Cooperating Project INTERNET: INTelligent Energy awaRe NETworks Input Thru port Drop port Add port Backplane Line cards Zinwave© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Current GreenTouch Projects  BCG2: Beyond Cellular Green Generation*  GTT: Green Transmission Technologies* *Cluster project made up of  LSAS: Large Scale Antenna Systems* several sub-projects/activities  Minimum Energy Access Architectures  Minimum energy access architecture demonstration  VHG: Virtual Home Gateway  OPERA: Optimal End to End Resource Allocation  STAR: Switching & Transmission  REPTILE: Router Power Measurements  Single Chip Linecard  ZeBRA: Zero Buffer Router Architectures  SEASON: Service Energy Aware Sustainable Optical Networks*  HALF MOON: Highly Adaptive Layer for Mesh On-off Optical Networks  EFICOST: Energy Efficient High Capacity OFDM Signal Transmission  Telecommunication Audits and Data Aggregation© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

GreenTouch Project Process Project concept Technical Committee presented to discusses and relevant WG(s); Relevant WG(s) approves the project proposal discusses and proposal; passes prepared endorses the funding requests incorporating any in- proposal onto the Executive kind or cash funding Board from partners Includes endorsement of contributed or cooperative projects & activities Opportunity for Members can direct members to donations for the purpose review, solicit, & fund of funding projects or projects or make in-kind activities, or make a contributions general contribution© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Initial Activities  Build research program  First technology demonstration spring 2011  Establish common reference architecture  Define primary research targets  Establish expected trends on key metrics to 2020  Provide international forum for cooperation and exchange of ideas on energy research topics© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

New Approaches: Focus on Energy  New devices • Analog vs digital, best use of optics and electronics • Old ideas finding new life: large scale MIMO  New architectures • trade-off transmission/bandwidth and processing, distributed versus centralized  New protocols • Longer packet sizes or no packets at all for certain applications  Service optimized networks • Move away from one size fits all—use most energy efficiency hardware for the service • Coordinate service delivery/applications with network hardware operation  Restructuring layers, architectures, feature options • How much do way pay in energy for convenience? duplicated functions (FEC)? • What technologies do we really need in order to support the essential capabilities?© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Minimizing Processing  Repetition • Unnecessary router hops • Inter-operator exchange Separate what is • Multiple transmissions needed from what  Remove processing from the data path is convenience • Separate control channel?  Focus on Service • Content delivery vs. browsing vs messaging  Push to the edges • FEC • Security, policy processing  Simplified Addressing • Geographic addressing/binary switching© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

A Scalable Internet: Holistic Re-Design  Processing • New addressing—transparent data flow • End-to-End—security, FEC  Back to the Future • Optimized hardware for given task: service differentiation – Take the movies out of the routers  How many layers do we need?  How do protocols and algorithms impact hardware design?  How do we unlock physical potential—small cells, efficient MIMO?  What is the real energy cost for the features and functions supported in the network?© 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

Opportunities  A global organization dedicated to the long 300 term sustainability of ICT networksANNUAL GROWTH RATE (%)  Tackle major problems end-to-end, full 250 picture 200  Lay the foundation technologies 150  Clear vision for future: roadmap 100 Future is a different game than the past 50 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 YEAR © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium

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Introduction to GreenTouch

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