SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 1
Download to read offline
Highlights
www.greenfacts.org

Environmental and Health risks of Shale Gas exploitation in Europe
One of the techniques that can be used to
alter the rocks is hydraulic fracturing, where
pressurized liquid in injected into the rocks
in order to create fissures and release the gas
and oil.

Context - As opportunities for exploitation
of conventional resources of natural gas are
becoming more limited, new sources of gas are
being increasingly being mobilized in order to
meet the demand. One such important source
is shale gas, which needs for extraction a
process called «hydraulic fracturing», through
which a presurized liquid in injected in the
rockbed in order to create fissures and release
the gas.
What are the potential health and
environmental risks of hydraulic fracturing ?
➔ WHY ARE UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL
GAS RESOURCES IN EUROPE LIKELY TO
BE EXPLOITED?
Exploration and production of natural gas and
oil within Europe has in the past been mainly
focused on resources that can be exploited
through conventional boreholes. These
resources are getting more and more limited
in the EU, and in order to meet demand, new
sources are being developed.
EU countries are now turning to exploring
unconventional natural gas resources, such
as coalbed methane and shale gas. In order to
exploit these resources, the rock layers need
to be altered before the oil and gas can flow.

area than is typical of conventional gas
fields;

This technique hasn’t yet been used on a large
scale in Europe, but with a growing interest
by many European countries to develop shale
gas extraction, the European Commission has
requested this assessment on the health and
environmental risks that could be associated
with larger-scale use of hydraulic fracturing.

The report identified a high risk for most of the
environmental aspects examined in the case of
the cumulative impact of the installation and
exploitation of multiple wells. These include
risks of water contamination as well as release
of contaminants into the air and into the
ground, and direct risks to biodiversity.

➔ WHAT POTENTIAL RISKS WERE
IDENTIFIED?

➔ WHAT IS RECOMMENDED TO MANAGE
THOSE RISKS?

The potential sources of environmental and
health risks that are associated with hydraulic
fracturing operations:

Some measures can be taken to manage and
reduce these risks:

The use of significant volumes of water
and chemicals and the lower yield of
unconventional gas wells compared to
conventional gas extraction;
Ensuring the integrity of wells and other
equipment throughout and after the lifetime
of the plant;
The potential toxicity of chemical additives
and the challenge to develop greener
alternatives; ensuring that spillages of
chemicals and waste waters with potential
environmental consequences are avoided ;
Ensuring a correct identification and
selection of geological sites;
The uncertainties associated with the longterm presence of hydraulic fracturing fluid in
the underground;
The unavoidable traffic impacts;
The potential for development over a wider

The emissions to the atmosphere and noise
impacts related to plant and equipment
during well construction and use.

The development of less environmentally
hazardous drilling and fracturing fluids;
Development of better casing and cementing
methods and practices in order to increase
well integrity;
Development of a searchable European
database of hydraulic fracturing fluid
composition;
Research into the risks and causes of
methane migration to groundwater from
shale gas extraction;
Development of a system of voluntary
ecological initiatives within sensitive
habitats to mitigate future exploitation.
The EU legislation also needs to be adjusted
in order to sufficiently address the risks and
uncertainties associated with high volume
hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) projects.

These are highlights of the report: “Support to the identification of potential risks for the environment and human health arising
from hydrocarbons operations involving hydraulic fracturing in Europe. Report for the European Commission.”
A report commissioned by DG Environment and produced by AEA Technology.
The content of this short ‘highlight’ summary has been reviewed by AEA to ensure that it represents faithfully the content of the
original report.
You can find more information on this topic on the GreenFacts website: www.greenfacts.org/en/shale-gas/

More Related Content

What's hot

Students - Assessing research on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability during...
Students - Assessing research on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability during...Students - Assessing research on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability during...
Students - Assessing research on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability during...ipcc-media
 
Impacts of climate change, including on humans in cities ...validating the Pa...
Impacts of climate change, including on humans in cities ...validating the Pa...Impacts of climate change, including on humans in cities ...validating the Pa...
Impacts of climate change, including on humans in cities ...validating the Pa...ipcc-media
 
What is Climate Change
What is Climate ChangeWhat is Climate Change
What is Climate Changeipcc-media
 
Introduction to climate change science
Introduction to climate change science Introduction to climate change science
Introduction to climate change science ipcc-media
 

What's hot (6)

Building on facts
Building on factsBuilding on facts
Building on facts
 
Students - Assessing research on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability during...
Students - Assessing research on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability during...Students - Assessing research on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability during...
Students - Assessing research on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability during...
 
Global warming
Global warmingGlobal warming
Global warming
 
Impacts of climate change, including on humans in cities ...validating the Pa...
Impacts of climate change, including on humans in cities ...validating the Pa...Impacts of climate change, including on humans in cities ...validating the Pa...
Impacts of climate change, including on humans in cities ...validating the Pa...
 
What is Climate Change
What is Climate ChangeWhat is Climate Change
What is Climate Change
 
Introduction to climate change science
Introduction to climate change science Introduction to climate change science
Introduction to climate change science
 

Viewers also liked

Les parabènes utilisés dans les cosmétiques
Les parabènes utilisés dans les cosmétiquesLes parabènes utilisés dans les cosmétiques
Les parabènes utilisés dans les cosmétiquesGreenFacts
 
Auswirkungen der weltweite Erwärmung von 4°C
Auswirkungen der weltweite Erwärmung von 4°CAuswirkungen der weltweite Erwärmung von 4°C
Auswirkungen der weltweite Erwärmung von 4°CGreenFacts
 
Parabene in Kosmetikprodukten
Parabene in KosmetikproduktenParabene in Kosmetikprodukten
Parabene in KosmetikproduktenGreenFacts
 
L’oxyde de zinc sous forme nano dans les crèmes solaires
L’oxyde de zinc sous forme nano dans les crèmes solairesL’oxyde de zinc sous forme nano dans les crèmes solaires
L’oxyde de zinc sous forme nano dans les crèmes solairesGreenFacts
 
Óxido de zinc en nanoformas en protectores solares
Óxido de zinc en nanoformas en protectores solaresÓxido de zinc en nanoformas en protectores solares
Óxido de zinc en nanoformas en protectores solaresGreenFacts
 
Le méthylène glycol dans les produits de lissage des cheveux
Le méthylène glycol dans les produits de lissage des cheveuxLe méthylène glycol dans les produits de lissage des cheveux
Le méthylène glycol dans les produits de lissage des cheveuxGreenFacts
 
Consecuencias del calentamiento global de 4°C
Consecuencias del calentamiento global de 4°CConsecuencias del calentamiento global de 4°C
Consecuencias del calentamiento global de 4°CGreenFacts
 
Exposure to mixture (“cocktails”) of chemical substances: are the health and ...
Exposure to mixture (“cocktails”) of chemical substances: are the health and ...Exposure to mixture (“cocktails”) of chemical substances: are the health and ...
Exposure to mixture (“cocktails”) of chemical substances: are the health and ...GreenFacts
 
Escáneres corporales de rayos X para la seguridad aeroportuaria
Escáneres corporales de rayos X para la seguridad aeroportuariaEscáneres corporales de rayos X para la seguridad aeroportuaria
Escáneres corporales de rayos X para la seguridad aeroportuariaGreenFacts
 

Viewers also liked (9)

Les parabènes utilisés dans les cosmétiques
Les parabènes utilisés dans les cosmétiquesLes parabènes utilisés dans les cosmétiques
Les parabènes utilisés dans les cosmétiques
 
Auswirkungen der weltweite Erwärmung von 4°C
Auswirkungen der weltweite Erwärmung von 4°CAuswirkungen der weltweite Erwärmung von 4°C
Auswirkungen der weltweite Erwärmung von 4°C
 
Parabene in Kosmetikprodukten
Parabene in KosmetikproduktenParabene in Kosmetikprodukten
Parabene in Kosmetikprodukten
 
L’oxyde de zinc sous forme nano dans les crèmes solaires
L’oxyde de zinc sous forme nano dans les crèmes solairesL’oxyde de zinc sous forme nano dans les crèmes solaires
L’oxyde de zinc sous forme nano dans les crèmes solaires
 
Óxido de zinc en nanoformas en protectores solares
Óxido de zinc en nanoformas en protectores solaresÓxido de zinc en nanoformas en protectores solares
Óxido de zinc en nanoformas en protectores solares
 
Le méthylène glycol dans les produits de lissage des cheveux
Le méthylène glycol dans les produits de lissage des cheveuxLe méthylène glycol dans les produits de lissage des cheveux
Le méthylène glycol dans les produits de lissage des cheveux
 
Consecuencias del calentamiento global de 4°C
Consecuencias del calentamiento global de 4°CConsecuencias del calentamiento global de 4°C
Consecuencias del calentamiento global de 4°C
 
Exposure to mixture (“cocktails”) of chemical substances: are the health and ...
Exposure to mixture (“cocktails”) of chemical substances: are the health and ...Exposure to mixture (“cocktails”) of chemical substances: are the health and ...
Exposure to mixture (“cocktails”) of chemical substances: are the health and ...
 
Escáneres corporales de rayos X para la seguridad aeroportuaria
Escáneres corporales de rayos X para la seguridad aeroportuariaEscáneres corporales de rayos X para la seguridad aeroportuaria
Escáneres corporales de rayos X para la seguridad aeroportuaria
 

Similar to Environmental and Health risks of Shale Gas exploitation in Europe

Consulta fractura hidraulica
Consulta fractura hidraulicaConsulta fractura hidraulica
Consulta fractura hidraulicaCDAMAZ
 
Friends of the UNB Woodlot - 2nd Presentation to the Public Safety and Enviro...
Friends of the UNB Woodlot - 2nd Presentation to the Public Safety and Enviro...Friends of the UNB Woodlot - 2nd Presentation to the Public Safety and Enviro...
Friends of the UNB Woodlot - 2nd Presentation to the Public Safety and Enviro...friendsoftheunbwoodlot
 
CEH_CaseStudy_MetalChemistry_4Web
CEH_CaseStudy_MetalChemistry_4WebCEH_CaseStudy_MetalChemistry_4Web
CEH_CaseStudy_MetalChemistry_4Webannfee
 
Environment risk assessment and issues with hydrocarbon and geotoxicological ...
Environment risk assessment and issues with hydrocarbon and geotoxicological ...Environment risk assessment and issues with hydrocarbon and geotoxicological ...
Environment risk assessment and issues with hydrocarbon and geotoxicological ...AI Publications
 
A Critical Review of Acid Rain Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Measures.pdf
A Critical Review of Acid Rain  Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Measures.pdfA Critical Review of Acid Rain  Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Measures.pdf
A Critical Review of Acid Rain Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Measures.pdfVernette Whiteside
 
The Environmental Impact Of Illegal Mining In Africa
The Environmental Impact Of Illegal Mining In AfricaThe Environmental Impact Of Illegal Mining In Africa
The Environmental Impact Of Illegal Mining In AfricaAshley Koetter
 
Hydrochar for-industrial-wastewater-treatment-an-overview-on-its-advantages-a...
Hydrochar for-industrial-wastewater-treatment-an-overview-on-its-advantages-a...Hydrochar for-industrial-wastewater-treatment-an-overview-on-its-advantages-a...
Hydrochar for-industrial-wastewater-treatment-an-overview-on-its-advantages-a...Ahmed Hasham
 
Direct Air CaptureA Review of Carbon Dioxide Capture.pptx
Direct Air CaptureA Review of Carbon Dioxide Capture.pptxDirect Air CaptureA Review of Carbon Dioxide Capture.pptx
Direct Air CaptureA Review of Carbon Dioxide Capture.pptxGirishGupta87
 
Holly mastersoil and gas presentation final
Holly mastersoil and gas presentation finalHolly mastersoil and gas presentation final
Holly mastersoil and gas presentation finalReadingLLMlegaleagles
 
Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011
Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011
Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011Michael Klein
 
EE-8703 Unit-1.pptx
EE-8703 Unit-1.pptxEE-8703 Unit-1.pptx
EE-8703 Unit-1.pptxssuser04747f
 
EPA Fact Sheet for Proposed Amendments to Air Regulations for the Oil and Nat...
EPA Fact Sheet for Proposed Amendments to Air Regulations for the Oil and Nat...EPA Fact Sheet for Proposed Amendments to Air Regulations for the Oil and Nat...
EPA Fact Sheet for Proposed Amendments to Air Regulations for the Oil and Nat...Marcellus Drilling News
 
Socio Economic Analysis using life cycle thinking
Socio Economic Analysis using life cycle thinkingSocio Economic Analysis using life cycle thinking
Socio Economic Analysis using life cycle thinkingCyril Stahl
 
Environmental impacts on productive sectors and in cities and how to mitigate...
Environmental impacts on productive sectors and in cities and how to mitigate...Environmental impacts on productive sectors and in cities and how to mitigate...
Environmental impacts on productive sectors and in cities and how to mitigate...Fernando Alcoforado
 

Similar to Environmental and Health risks of Shale Gas exploitation in Europe (20)

Consulta fractura hidraulica
Consulta fractura hidraulicaConsulta fractura hidraulica
Consulta fractura hidraulica
 
Friends of the UNB Woodlot - 2nd Presentation to the Public Safety and Enviro...
Friends of the UNB Woodlot - 2nd Presentation to the Public Safety and Enviro...Friends of the UNB Woodlot - 2nd Presentation to the Public Safety and Enviro...
Friends of the UNB Woodlot - 2nd Presentation to the Public Safety and Enviro...
 
CEH_CaseStudy_MetalChemistry_4Web
CEH_CaseStudy_MetalChemistry_4WebCEH_CaseStudy_MetalChemistry_4Web
CEH_CaseStudy_MetalChemistry_4Web
 
Environment risk assessment and issues with hydrocarbon and geotoxicological ...
Environment risk assessment and issues with hydrocarbon and geotoxicological ...Environment risk assessment and issues with hydrocarbon and geotoxicological ...
Environment risk assessment and issues with hydrocarbon and geotoxicological ...
 
A Critical Review of Acid Rain Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Measures.pdf
A Critical Review of Acid Rain  Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Measures.pdfA Critical Review of Acid Rain  Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Measures.pdf
A Critical Review of Acid Rain Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Measures.pdf
 
The Environmental Impact Of Illegal Mining In Africa
The Environmental Impact Of Illegal Mining In AfricaThe Environmental Impact Of Illegal Mining In Africa
The Environmental Impact Of Illegal Mining In Africa
 
IDRC_2014_Risk_governance_shale_gas
IDRC_2014_Risk_governance_shale_gasIDRC_2014_Risk_governance_shale_gas
IDRC_2014_Risk_governance_shale_gas
 
Hydrochar for-industrial-wastewater-treatment-an-overview-on-its-advantages-a...
Hydrochar for-industrial-wastewater-treatment-an-overview-on-its-advantages-a...Hydrochar for-industrial-wastewater-treatment-an-overview-on-its-advantages-a...
Hydrochar for-industrial-wastewater-treatment-an-overview-on-its-advantages-a...
 
IDRC_2014_Risk_governance_shale_gas
IDRC_2014_Risk_governance_shale_gasIDRC_2014_Risk_governance_shale_gas
IDRC_2014_Risk_governance_shale_gas
 
Direct Air CaptureA Review of Carbon Dioxide Capture.pptx
Direct Air CaptureA Review of Carbon Dioxide Capture.pptxDirect Air CaptureA Review of Carbon Dioxide Capture.pptx
Direct Air CaptureA Review of Carbon Dioxide Capture.pptx
 
Natural gas
Natural gasNatural gas
Natural gas
 
Holly mastersoil and gas presentation final
Holly mastersoil and gas presentation finalHolly mastersoil and gas presentation final
Holly mastersoil and gas presentation final
 
Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011
Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011
Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011
 
EE-8703 Unit-1.pptx
EE-8703 Unit-1.pptxEE-8703 Unit-1.pptx
EE-8703 Unit-1.pptx
 
EPA Fact Sheet for Proposed Amendments to Air Regulations for the Oil and Nat...
EPA Fact Sheet for Proposed Amendments to Air Regulations for the Oil and Nat...EPA Fact Sheet for Proposed Amendments to Air Regulations for the Oil and Nat...
EPA Fact Sheet for Proposed Amendments to Air Regulations for the Oil and Nat...
 
Socio Economic Analysis using life cycle thinking
Socio Economic Analysis using life cycle thinkingSocio Economic Analysis using life cycle thinking
Socio Economic Analysis using life cycle thinking
 
REPORT EARTH SCI.pdf
REPORT EARTH SCI.pdfREPORT EARTH SCI.pdf
REPORT EARTH SCI.pdf
 
Sheats_3300_L4-A1
Sheats_3300_L4-A1Sheats_3300_L4-A1
Sheats_3300_L4-A1
 
Sinkwastecare
SinkwastecareSinkwastecare
Sinkwastecare
 
Environmental impacts on productive sectors and in cities and how to mitigate...
Environmental impacts on productive sectors and in cities and how to mitigate...Environmental impacts on productive sectors and in cities and how to mitigate...
Environmental impacts on productive sectors and in cities and how to mitigate...
 

More from GreenFacts

Biologie de synthèse
Biologie de synthèseBiologie de synthèse
Biologie de synthèseGreenFacts
 
Biología sintética
Biología sintéticaBiología sintética
Biología sintéticaGreenFacts
 
Synthetic biology
Synthetic biologySynthetic biology
Synthetic biologyGreenFacts
 
L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...
L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...
L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...GreenFacts
 
¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?
¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?
¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?GreenFacts
 
Les produits d’obturation dentaire sont-ils sans danger ?
Les produits d’obturation dentaire sont-ils sans danger ?Les produits d’obturation dentaire sont-ils sans danger ?
Les produits d’obturation dentaire sont-ils sans danger ?GreenFacts
 
¿Son seguras las obturaciones dentales?
¿Son seguras las obturaciones dentales?¿Son seguras las obturaciones dentales?
¿Son seguras las obturaciones dentales?GreenFacts
 
Are dental fillings safe?
Are dental fillings safe?Are dental fillings safe?
Are dental fillings safe?GreenFacts
 
Le bisphénol A dans les appareils médicaux
Le bisphénol A dans les appareils médicauxLe bisphénol A dans les appareils médicaux
Le bisphénol A dans les appareils médicauxGreenFacts
 
Bisphenol A in medical devices
Bisphenol A in medical devicesBisphenol A in medical devices
Bisphenol A in medical devicesGreenFacts
 
Bisphenol A in Medizinprodukten
Bisphenol A in MedizinproduktenBisphenol A in Medizinprodukten
Bisphenol A in MedizinproduktenGreenFacts
 
Bisfenol A en dispositivos médicos
Bisfenol A en dispositivos médicosBisfenol A en dispositivos médicos
Bisfenol A en dispositivos médicosGreenFacts
 
L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?
L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?
L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?GreenFacts
 
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...GreenFacts
 
The essentials about vaccines and vaccination
The essentials about vaccines and vaccinationThe essentials about vaccines and vaccination
The essentials about vaccines and vaccinationGreenFacts
 
Antibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit it
Antibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit itAntibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit it
Antibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit itGreenFacts
 
Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...
Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...
Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...GreenFacts
 
Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?
Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?
Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?GreenFacts
 
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?GreenFacts
 
Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...
Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...
Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...GreenFacts
 

More from GreenFacts (20)

Biologie de synthèse
Biologie de synthèseBiologie de synthèse
Biologie de synthèse
 
Biología sintética
Biología sintéticaBiología sintética
Biología sintética
 
Synthetic biology
Synthetic biologySynthetic biology
Synthetic biology
 
L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...
L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...
L’utilisation de cosmétiques contenant de la silice sous forme nano est-elle ...
 
¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?
¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?
¿Son seguros los cosméticos que contienen sílice en nanoforma?
 
Les produits d’obturation dentaire sont-ils sans danger ?
Les produits d’obturation dentaire sont-ils sans danger ?Les produits d’obturation dentaire sont-ils sans danger ?
Les produits d’obturation dentaire sont-ils sans danger ?
 
¿Son seguras las obturaciones dentales?
¿Son seguras las obturaciones dentales?¿Son seguras las obturaciones dentales?
¿Son seguras las obturaciones dentales?
 
Are dental fillings safe?
Are dental fillings safe?Are dental fillings safe?
Are dental fillings safe?
 
Le bisphénol A dans les appareils médicaux
Le bisphénol A dans les appareils médicauxLe bisphénol A dans les appareils médicaux
Le bisphénol A dans les appareils médicaux
 
Bisphenol A in medical devices
Bisphenol A in medical devicesBisphenol A in medical devices
Bisphenol A in medical devices
 
Bisphenol A in Medizinprodukten
Bisphenol A in MedizinproduktenBisphenol A in Medizinprodukten
Bisphenol A in Medizinprodukten
 
Bisfenol A en dispositivos médicos
Bisfenol A en dispositivos médicosBisfenol A en dispositivos médicos
Bisfenol A en dispositivos médicos
 
L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?
L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?
L’exposition aux champs électromagnétiques est-elle dangereuse pour la santé ?
 
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...
Climate Change mitigation: practical measures to limit global warming IPCC re...
 
The essentials about vaccines and vaccination
The essentials about vaccines and vaccinationThe essentials about vaccines and vaccination
The essentials about vaccines and vaccination
 
Antibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit it
Antibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit itAntibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit it
Antibiotic resistance: causes, consequences and means to limit it
 
Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...
Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...
Protectores solares con dióxido de titanio en forma de nanopartículas. ¿Un ri...
 
Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?
Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?
Sunscreens with titanium dioxide as nanoparticles. Health risks?
 
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?
Sonnenschutzmittel mit Titandioxid in Nanopartikelform. Gesundheitsrisiken?
 
Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...
Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...
Produits solaires avec des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane. Des risques p...
 

Recently uploaded

AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace Applications
AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace ApplicationsAI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace Applications
AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace ApplicationsStella Lee
 
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudLEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...Sandy Millin
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptxmary850239
 
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxBBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxProf. Kanchan Kumari
 
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfVIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfArthyR3
 
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in Pharmacy
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in PharmacyASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in Pharmacy
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in PharmacySumit Tiwari
 
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderEDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...Marlene Maheu
 
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfVanessa Camilleri
 
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024bsellato
 
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdfArti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdfwill854175
 
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian PoeticsAuchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian PoeticsDhatriParmar
 
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhatriParmar
 
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...gdgsurrey
 
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptx
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptxAlamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptx
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptxDhatriParmar
 

Recently uploaded (20)

AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace Applications
AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace ApplicationsAI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace Applications
AI Uses and Misuses: Academic and Workplace Applications
 
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
 
Least Significance Difference:Biostatics and Research Methodology
Least Significance Difference:Biostatics and Research MethodologyLeast Significance Difference:Biostatics and Research Methodology
Least Significance Difference:Biostatics and Research Methodology
 
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudLEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
 
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
 
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
3.12.24 Freedom Summer in Mississippi.pptx
 
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxBBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
 
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfVIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
 
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in Pharmacy
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in PharmacyASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in Pharmacy
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in Pharmacy
 
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderEDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
 
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
2024 March 11, Telehealth Billing- Current Telehealth CPT Codes & Telehealth ...
 
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
 
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research MethodologyANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
 
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
Awards Presentation 2024 - March 12 2024
 
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdfArti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdf
 
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian PoeticsAuchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
Auchitya Theory by Kshemendra Indian Poetics
 
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian PoeticsDhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
Dhavni Theory by Anandvardhana Indian Poetics
 
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
 
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptx
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptxAlamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptx
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptx
 

Environmental and Health risks of Shale Gas exploitation in Europe

  • 1. Highlights www.greenfacts.org Environmental and Health risks of Shale Gas exploitation in Europe One of the techniques that can be used to alter the rocks is hydraulic fracturing, where pressurized liquid in injected into the rocks in order to create fissures and release the gas and oil. Context - As opportunities for exploitation of conventional resources of natural gas are becoming more limited, new sources of gas are being increasingly being mobilized in order to meet the demand. One such important source is shale gas, which needs for extraction a process called «hydraulic fracturing», through which a presurized liquid in injected in the rockbed in order to create fissures and release the gas. What are the potential health and environmental risks of hydraulic fracturing ? ➔ WHY ARE UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCES IN EUROPE LIKELY TO BE EXPLOITED? Exploration and production of natural gas and oil within Europe has in the past been mainly focused on resources that can be exploited through conventional boreholes. These resources are getting more and more limited in the EU, and in order to meet demand, new sources are being developed. EU countries are now turning to exploring unconventional natural gas resources, such as coalbed methane and shale gas. In order to exploit these resources, the rock layers need to be altered before the oil and gas can flow. area than is typical of conventional gas fields; This technique hasn’t yet been used on a large scale in Europe, but with a growing interest by many European countries to develop shale gas extraction, the European Commission has requested this assessment on the health and environmental risks that could be associated with larger-scale use of hydraulic fracturing. The report identified a high risk for most of the environmental aspects examined in the case of the cumulative impact of the installation and exploitation of multiple wells. These include risks of water contamination as well as release of contaminants into the air and into the ground, and direct risks to biodiversity. ➔ WHAT POTENTIAL RISKS WERE IDENTIFIED? ➔ WHAT IS RECOMMENDED TO MANAGE THOSE RISKS? The potential sources of environmental and health risks that are associated with hydraulic fracturing operations: Some measures can be taken to manage and reduce these risks: The use of significant volumes of water and chemicals and the lower yield of unconventional gas wells compared to conventional gas extraction; Ensuring the integrity of wells and other equipment throughout and after the lifetime of the plant; The potential toxicity of chemical additives and the challenge to develop greener alternatives; ensuring that spillages of chemicals and waste waters with potential environmental consequences are avoided ; Ensuring a correct identification and selection of geological sites; The uncertainties associated with the longterm presence of hydraulic fracturing fluid in the underground; The unavoidable traffic impacts; The potential for development over a wider The emissions to the atmosphere and noise impacts related to plant and equipment during well construction and use. The development of less environmentally hazardous drilling and fracturing fluids; Development of better casing and cementing methods and practices in order to increase well integrity; Development of a searchable European database of hydraulic fracturing fluid composition; Research into the risks and causes of methane migration to groundwater from shale gas extraction; Development of a system of voluntary ecological initiatives within sensitive habitats to mitigate future exploitation. The EU legislation also needs to be adjusted in order to sufficiently address the risks and uncertainties associated with high volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) projects. These are highlights of the report: “Support to the identification of potential risks for the environment and human health arising from hydrocarbons operations involving hydraulic fracturing in Europe. Report for the European Commission.” A report commissioned by DG Environment and produced by AEA Technology. The content of this short ‘highlight’ summary has been reviewed by AEA to ensure that it represents faithfully the content of the original report. You can find more information on this topic on the GreenFacts website: www.greenfacts.org/en/shale-gas/