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1. The distribution of weeds seedbank
experiment with three water level
conditions in Balik Pulau Ricefield Agro-
ecosystem

2. 1. What is weed?
2. What is weed seedbank?
3. Soils (sandy, mangrove, muddy,
and clay)
4. Water level conditions
(saturated, partial, and flooded)

3. 1. To identify weeds species that emerged from four
different plots of weed seedbank in Balik Pulau
Ricefields Agro-ecosystem.
2. To record the emergence of weeds from four
different weed seedbanks with either ‘present
(+)’or ‘absent (-)’ from four different plots with
three different water level conditions.

4. SOILS SAMPLING IN BALIK
PULAU
EXPERIMENT IN PLANT HOUSE

5. 1) Plastic trays
were prepared
2) 2.0 kg of
soils were put
into each tray
3) Each tray was
marked with
different water level
4) The soils were
watered with tap
water
5) NPK, Urea, &
Compound fertilizers
were applied
6) The
experiment was
observed for 4
months
7) The emergence of weeds
species were identified,
counted, & recorded

7. PLOT POKOK KENANGA
WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED
REPLICATE R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES
A) GRASSESS
Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - - - - - - - - -
(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - + - - + - + -
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - + - - - - - -
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. + - + - - - - + -
Oryza sativa complex (L.) - + - - - + - + -
B) SEDGES
Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - + - - - - - - -
Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - + + - - -
Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - + - - - - - - -
C) BROADLEAVED
Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - + + - + - -
Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -
Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl
- + + + + + + + +
Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - + - - - - - - -
(+) = present, (-) = absent

8.
PLOT POKOK KENANGA
WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED
REPLICATE R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES
A) GRASSESS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.
(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - 1 - - 1 - 1 -
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - 1 - - - - - -
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. 6 - 1 - - - - 3 -
Oryza sativa complex (L.) - 2 - - - 1 - 1 -
B) SEDGES
Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - 1 - - - - - - -
Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - 2 1 - - -
Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - 2 - - - - - - -
C) BROADLEAVED
Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - 90% 95% - 90% - -
Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -
Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl
- 5 2 5 11 14 5 16 3
Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - 1 - - - - - - -

9. PLOT TOK KIAT
WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED
REPLICATE R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES
A) GRASSESS
Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - - - - - - - - -
(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - - - - + - - +
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - - - - - - - -
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. + - - + - - - - -
Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - - -
B) SEDGES
Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - + - - + - - - -
Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -
Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -
C) BROADLEAVED
Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -
Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -
Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl
- + + + + + - - +
Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. + - - + - - - - -
(+) = present, (-) = absent

10. PLOT TOK KIAT
WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED
REPLICATE R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES
A) GRASSESS
Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - - - - - - - - -
(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - - - - 1 - - 1
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - - - - - - - -
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. 16 - - 2 - - - - -
Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - - -
B) SEDGES
Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - 4 - - 1 - - - -
Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -
Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -
C) BROADLEAVED
Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -
Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -
Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl
- 1 5 1 4 2 - - 1
Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. 2 - - 3 - - - - -

11. PLOT FASA 3
WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED
REPLICATE R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES
A) GRASSESS
Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - + + - - + - + -
(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - - - + + - + -
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - - - - - - - -
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. + - - + - - + - -
Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - - -
B) SEDGES
Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - - - - - - - - -
Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -
Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -
C) BROADLEAVED
Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -
Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -
Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl
- - - - + - - + +
Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - + - + + - - - -
(+) = present, (-) = absent

12. PLOT FASA 3
WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED
REPLICATE R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES
A) GRASSESS
Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - 2 1 - - 3 - 1 -
(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - - - - 1 1 - 2 -
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - - - - - - - -
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. 1 - - 1 - - 1 - -
Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - - -
B) SEDGES
Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - - - - - - - - -
Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -
Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -
C) BROADLEAVED
Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -
Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell - - - - - - - - -
Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl
- - - - 3 - - 1 2
Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - 3 - 1 2 - - - -

13. PLOT SUNGAI BURUNG DARAT
WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED
REPLICATE R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES
A) GRASSESS
Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - - - - - - - - +
(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - + + - + + - - +
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - + - + + - + +
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. - - - + - - + - -
Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - + -
B) SEDGES
Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - - - - - + - - -
Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -
Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -
C) BROADLEAVED
Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -
Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell
- - + - - - - - +
Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl
- - - - + - - - -
Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - + + + + - + + -
(+) = present, (-) = absent

14. PLOT SUNGAI BURUNG DARAT
WATER LEVEL / DEPTH SATURATED PARTIAL FLOODED
REPLICATE R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
TYPE / FAMILY SPECIES
A) GRASSESS
Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. - - - - - - - - 1
(Graminae) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - 2 1 - 3 3 - - 2
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. - - 1 - 1 2 - 1 2
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. - - - 1 - - 1 - -
Oryza sativa complex (L.) - - - - - - - 1 -
B) SEDGES
Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis (L.) - - - - - 1 - - -
Cyperus iria (L.) - - - - - - - - -
Fimbristylis milliacea (L.) Vahl - - - - - - - - -
C) BROADLEAVED
Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. - - - - - - - - -
Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell
- - 1 - - - - - 1
Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl
- - - - 1 - - - -
Sphenocleacea Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. - 17 5 1 5 - 1 14 -

15. 1) Total number of weeds seedlings that emerged :
Sandy soil > clay soil > mangrove soil > muddy soil
2) Saturated & partial water level conditions (grasses &
sedges higher)
3) Flooded water level condition (broadleaved)

16. Appendices

19. Special thanks to :
1) Professor Mashhor Bin Mansor (second author)
2) Mr. Chairperson
3) Beloved friends
4) Audiences