Conditioning And Learning Lecture

Loading...

Flash Player 9 (or above) is needed to view presentations.
We have detected that you do not have it on your computer. To install it, go here.

2 comments

Comments 1 - 2 of 2 previous next Post a comment

Post a comment
Embed Video
Edit your comment Cancel

11 Favorites

Conditioning And Learning Lecture - Presentation Transcript

  1. Conditioning and Learning Grant Heller [email_address]
  2. Conditioning & Learning Chapter
    • Know the following:
      • 1. Differences between classical and instrumental conditioning
      • 2. Model for classical conditioning: CS, UCS, UCR, and CR. Be able to apply this model and KNOW THESE TERMS!
      • 3. Contingency
      • 4. Shaping
      • 5. Controls in conditioning experiments
      • 6. Types of designs in conditioning experiments and advantages and disadvantages of repeated measures designs.
  3. Two Types of Conditioning:
    • Classical Conditioning (Respondent, Pavlovian)
    • Operant Conditioning (Instrumental Conditioning or Skinnarian conditioning)
    • Classical Conditioning: A basic form of learning, in which stimuli initially incapable of evoking certain responses acquire the ability to do so through repeated pairing with other stimuli (unconditioned stimuli) that are able to elicit such responses.
  4. Conditioning Terms
    • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS or US)
      • The biologically significant stimulus that follows a conditioned stimulus (CS)
    • Unconditioned Response (UCR or UR)
      • The response that the US naturally evokes
    • Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
      • The stimulus that signals the US
    • Conditioned Response (CR)
      • The response the organism learns to make to the CS (same as the UR)
  5. Classical Conditioning: examples US UR CS CR Food Salivation Salivation Bell Time http:// nobelprize.org/medicine/educational/pavlov/index.html
  6. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
  7. The Importance of Contingency
    • In order to be effective, the CS must serve to accurately predict the onset of the US.
    • A CS will usually be ineffective if it does not provide some sort of additional information about the US.
    • Contiguity: the occurrence of two items close together in time and space. (also useful in conditioning)
  8.  
  9. Classical Conditioning: examples US UR CS CR Mirror Display Display Components Light Time
  10. Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning
    • The form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or diminished by its consequences (reward, punishment, etc).
    • B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
      • Identified the principles of operant conditioning
      • Skinnarian Conditioning
      • Reinforcer: an event that increases the frequency of the response that it follows.
  11. Reinforcers
    • Primary Reinforcer
      • stimulus that has innate (unlearned) reinforcing properties.
    • Secondary Reinforcer
      • stimulus that acquires reinforcement through association with a primary reinforcer.
    • Positive Reinforcer
      • event that is presented after the target response that increases the likelihood that the target response will occur again.
    • Negative Reinforcer
      • Event that is removed after the target response, thereby increasing the likelihood that this response will occur again (is NOT punishment!!!)
  12. Types of Reinforcement
    • Punishment – an aversive stimulus is made contingent on a response to reduce a behavior.
    • Omission Training – a desirable stimulus is made contingent on the omission of a response
  13. Process of Conditioning
    • Shaping
    • Training
    • Acquisition
    • Extinction
    • Shaping: reinforcing successive approximations of the target response
    • Extinction: discontinuation of reinforcement
  14. Operant Conditioning Chamber (AKA Skinner Box)
  15. Operant Conditioning Chamber
  16. B.F. Skinner
  17.  
  18. Types of Reinforcement
    • Continuous Reinforcement
      • Reinforcement follows each target response
    • Intermittent or Partial Reinforcement
      • Reinforcement follows some target responses
    • Reinforcement Schedule
      • A pattern or plan for delivering reinforcement
  19. Reinforcement Schedules Fixed : reinforcement is given on a regular schedule. Variable : reinforcement is given on a changing schedule. Interval : reinforcement given after a specified time period. Ratio : reinforcement given after a certain number of responses. Interval Ratio Fixed Variable VR VI FR FI
  20. Comparison of Reinforcement Schedules
  21.  
  22. Controls and Design Issues
    • Control for pseudoconditioning
      • CS presented, but not paired with the US
    • Design: repeated measures (within subjects)
      • Advantages:
        • Reduced variability in subjects
        • Requires less subjects
      • Disadvantages:
        • Carryover effects
  23.  

+ Grant HellerGrant Heller, 3 years ago

custom

4266 views, 11 favs, 4 embeds more stats

Slides for a presentation on learning and memory, w more

More info about this document

© All Rights Reserved

Go to text version

  • Total Views 4266
    • 4255 on SlideShare
    • 11 from embeds
  • Comments 2
  • Favorites 11
  • Downloads 0
Most viewed embeds
  • 6 views on http://golynxgopsychology.blogspot.com
  • 3 views on http://wvw-k-psychology.wikispaces.com
  • 1 views on https://wvw-k-psychology.wikispaces.com
  • 1 views on http://www.golynxgopsychology.blogspot.com

more

All embeds
  • 6 views on http://golynxgopsychology.blogspot.com
  • 3 views on http://wvw-k-psychology.wikispaces.com
  • 1 views on https://wvw-k-psychology.wikispaces.com
  • 1 views on http://www.golynxgopsychology.blogspot.com

less

Flagged as inappropriate Flag as inappropriate
Flag as inappropriate

Select your reason for flagging this presentation as inappropriate. If needed, use the feedback form to let us know more details.

Cancel
File a copyright complaint
Having problems? Go to our helpdesk?

Categories