Conole keynote greenwich_2010_07_07

Predicting the future – fact or fantasy?
http://cloudworks.ac.uk/cloud/view/4111
Gráinne Conole,
The Open University, UK
Future learninglandscapes conference, Greenwich, 7th July 2010

Techno-sixth sense
Mind control
What might a technology-driven world look like in 5, 10 or 100 years?
Ultimate robot
Advanced futures

Orientation
Conference themes
Focus
Review of the technology landscape
Current landmarks
Future trajectories
Focus on learning
Pedagogies of e-learning
Case study examples
The gap between promise and reality
Five approaches to bridging the gap
What transformational practices, technologies and environments for learning are there?
Individuality vs. connectivity?
Tension between openness & privacy?
What skills will learners (& teachers) need?
Co-creation of knowledge: reality or dream?

Changing context of education
Changing technologies
Abundance of free online content and tools
Ubiquitous, networked access
Increase in mobile and smart devices
Need new approaches to understanding, designing and supporting learning
Changing learners
Grown up ‘digital’
Technologically immersed
Task-orientated, group-based, ‘just in time’
Comfortable with multiple representations

A typology of new technologies
(Conole and Alevizou, 2010), Review of Web 2.0 tools in Higher Education
http://cloudworks.ac.uk/cloudscape/view/1895

Predicting the future
Can’t compare with the past and extrapolate
Can’t keep up - rapid growth of knowledge
Our knowledge grows in steps, it’s not linear
We’re in for more surprises than we think
Technology use/acceptance can’t be predicted
Acceptance linked to external circumstances
A jump in quantity brings new qualities
Developments will continue rapidly
Hermann Maurer, Edmedia Keynote 2010

… but then again…

So what is learning?
Thought by itself, however, moves nothing; what moves us is thought aiming at some goal and concerned with action (Aristotle)
Human learning… whole persons construct experiences of situation and transform them into knowledge, skills attitudes, values, emotions and the senses, and integrate the outcomes into their own biographies (Jarvis, 2004)
Knowledge is information already transformed: selected, analyzed, interpreted, integrated, articulated, tested evaluated (Laurillard, 1993)

Pedagogies of e-learning
Mayes & De Freitas, 2004
Dyke et. al, 2007
A
E-training
Drill & practice
Inquiry learning
Resource-based
Associative
Focus on individual
Learning through association and reinforcement
Constructivist
Building on prior knowledge
Task-orientated
Situative
Learning through social interaction
Learning in context
Connectivist
Learning in a networked environment
Experiential, Problem-based Role play
Reflective & dialogic learning,
Personalised learning

Some case study examples
Interactive materials,
E-assessment
E-training,
drill and practice
Virtual worlds,
Location aware devices, Online games
Inquiry learning, resource-based learning
Google, Media sharing repositories, User-generated content
Experiential, problem-based, role play
Blogs, RSS feeds,
E-portfolios, Wikis,
Social networks
Reflective and dialogic learning, Personalised learning

E-training, drill and practice
McNaught, 2010, Edmedia Keynote

Going mobile
http://sclater.com/blog/?p=453

Inquiry-based learning
My community
The Personal Inquiry project
Inquiry-based learning across formal and informal settings
Sharples, Scanlon et al.
http://www.pi-project.ac.uk/

Resource-based learning
GLO Maker
Learning Objects
Podcasts - iTunes U
Open Educational
Resources

Situated learning – virtual exhibitions
What can avatars do? Virtual realities in collaborative learning
Li et al., 2010, Edmedia conference
Aims to develop proficient technical writing and design skills
Cohort of 82 students created a movie poster of the film, Avatar
Virtual exhibition in SecondLife
Other examples:
Archeological digs
Medical wards
Art exhibitions
Cyber-law
Virtual language exchange
Beyond formal schooling

Role-based learning
Wills et al., 2010
Pheny and Shun, 2009, Ascilite conference

Reflective and dialogic learning
Uses
Blogs and E-portfolios for personal reflection
Wikis/social bookmarking for aggregation
Wikis for project-based work
Cohort blogs for shared understanding
Web 2.0 tool to connect beyond the course
E-portfolios for aggregation and evidence
Twitter for just-in-time learning
Joyes, 2009, Ascilite conference

Connectivism and Connective knowledge
Personalised learning
Critical literacies online

Communication+
A redefining of what ICT means
Audio & video conferencing
Media sharing
Forums
Google
wave
Email
Wikis
Blogs
Instant messaging
Twitter
Interactivity
Virtual worlds,
online games &
immersive environments
Web pages
Social networking
Mash ups

Co-evolution of tools and practice
Characteristics of users
Affordances of technologies
Affordances (Gibson)
‘All"action possibilities" latent in an environmentt…
but always in relation to the actor and therefore dependent on their capabilities.’
For instance, a tall tree offers the affordances of food for a Giraffe but not a sheep.
Preferences
Reflection
Interests
Dialogue
Evolving
practices
Aggregation
Skills
Context
Interactivity
Basic communications
& gestures
Symbolic representations
(words, numbers)
1st wave technologies (phone, radio, fax,
TV, CD/DVDs)
2nd wave technologies networks, mobiles, the Internet)

A Tweet is simply 140 characters…
Examples of use
Posting queries
Commenting
Backchannel
Crowdsourcing
Gathering opinions
Sharing ideas
Brainstorming
Social presence
Issues
Your ‘a-ha’ moment
The right network
Your digital voice
Inappropriateness
Personal/private
Too much!
Use with other tools
A passing fad?

The reality gap
Paradoxes
Technologies not fully exploited
Little evidence of use of OER
Predominance of ‘old practices’
Media sharing
Blogs & wikis
Reasons
Technical, pedagogical, organisational…
“Lack of time, research vs. teaching, lack of skills, no rewards, no support….”
Solutions?
Models and frameworks
Learning design
Pedagogical patterns
Open Educational Resources
Pedagogical planners
Virtual worlds &
online games
Social networking
World of warcraft http://www.flickr.com/photos/shardsofblue/3981216281/

Approaches to addressing the problem
Pedagogical patterns
Models and frameworks
Open Educational Resources
Learning design
Pedagogical planners

1. Models and frameworks
Merrill’s instructional principles
Model of direction instruction
Kolb’s learning cycle
Conversational framework
Community of inquiry framework
Constructivist model
N-Quire model
Activity theory
Community of practice
5-stage e-moderating model
Connectivism
Preece’s framework for online community
Gibb and Boud assessment models
REAP assessment framework
OU Supported Open Learning model
OU Course Business Models
3D pedagogy framework
Bigg’s constructive alignment
8LEM hybrid learning model
Gee’s affinity model
Review of e-learning models and frameworks, HEFCE E-learning task force, March 2010

8LEM hybrid model

2. Learning Design/Designing for learning
Shift from belief-based, implicit approaches to design-based, explicit approaches
A design-based approach to creation and support of courses
Encourages reflective, scholarly practices
Promotes sharing and discussion
Andrew Brasher, Paul Clark, Simon Cross, Juliette Culver, Rebecca Galley, Paul Mundin

The learning design concept wheel
Tools
Activities
Cloudworks
Resources
Resources
’Design
Challenge’
Theory
Dialogue
Representation
Activities
Tools
Tools
Activities
Resources

New forms of dialogue & collaboration

Dialogue and collaboration
Design challenge
Create a course in a day!
Cloudworks
Space to share and discuss

Cloudworks
A space for sharing and discussing learning and teaching ideas and designs
Application of the best of web 2.0 practice to a teaching context
To bridge the gap between technologies and use
Teachers say they want examples/want to share/discuss
Helps develop skills needed for engaging with new technologies’

Quick language guide
Cloud:
Anything to do with learning and teaching
Cloudscape:
A collection of clouds
Activity stream:
Latest activities on a Cloudscape or people
Favourites:
Vote for things your like
RSS feeds:
For Cloudscapes, Clouds & people
Follow:
Cloudscapes, Clouds or people
Attend: Conferences & workshops

Title
Author
Core
Tags
Location
Discussions
Improvements

Conferences and workshops

Flash debates
Virtual desk research
Virtual reading circles
Evolving patterns of user behaviour
Expert elicitation

Cloudworks leaflet
Cloudworks the movie!
http://cloudworks.ac.uk/cloud/view/2457
Using Cloudworks Cloudscape
Help

Take a digital walking tour
Using cloudworks Cloudscapes
The Cloudworks Cloudquest
Browse Clouds and Cloudscapes
Free search
Explore user profiles
Look at current events
Contribute to the Flash debates
Push the boat out – create a Cloud 

Solution
Problem
Context
3. Pedagogical patterns
Derived from Alexander’s work in Architecture
Retalis, 2010
Goodyear & Retalis, 2010
Practical design patterns for teaching & learning with technology
Winters, Warburton & Mor, Forthcoming
Source: http://gsic.tel.uva.es/collage
Demitriadis et al, 2010

4. Open Educational Resource movement
Open Learning Initiative

Pedagogically diverse
… but usually focused on the individual
Conole, McAndrew & Dimitriadis, forthcoming

From resources to practices

Abstracting dimensions of Practice
Open Educational Practices (OEP)
Practices around the creation, use and management of Open Educational Resources
Approach
60+ case studies of OER collected
Dimensions of OEP derived
Online consultation process

Open Educational Practice Dimensions
Strategies and policies
Quality Assurance models
Partnership models
Business models/sustainability strategies
Barriers and success factors
Tools and tool practices
Skills development and support
Innovations
Strategies and policies
Quality Assurance models
Partnership models
Business models/sustainability strategies
Innovations
Strategies and polices

Maturity model
44
1AX
1BX
1AX
1BX
1BX
1BX
1AY
1BX
Levels
1BY
1BX
1BY
3AX
Macro-level: Societal
Meso-level: Organisation
Micro-level: Individual
2AX
1BY
3BX
2BX
3CX
2AX
2BX
3DX
2BX
2BX
2AY
2BX
2BY
2BX
2BY
2AX
3AX
2BY
2BX
3BX
2CX
3AX
3BX
2DX
3BX
3BX
3AY
3BX
3BY
3BX
3BY
1AX
3BY
1BX
Strategies & policies
Barriers & successfactors
Tools & toolpractices
SkillsDev &Support
1CX
1DX
Level of maturity
Dimensions
OER embedded in strategy
Institutional OER repository
Adapted from diagram by T. Koskinen

5. Pedagogical planners
Laurillard et al.

Final thoughts
There will be an ongoing co-evolution of tools and use
New digital literacies are needed for both teachers and learners
There is a narrower but deeper digital divide
We need to devise pathways for navigating an increasingly complex digital landscape
We need new language and metaphors to make sense of this
Roles and structures are changing: learners, teachers, institutions
We need a better link between theory and practice
We need to develop a better theoretical basis for the field
We don’t know the future, but we can say this…

Sources
Mash ups http://www.flickr.com/photos/richardellard/4524139966/
Molecule http://www.flickr.com/photos/8272941@N07/498827420/
Periodic table http://www.flickr.com/photos/chemheritage/3984920162/
Music sheet http://www.flickr.com/photos/anyaka/21848267/
One world http://www.flickr.com/photos/psd/2731067095/
Questionmarkhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/crystaljingsr/3914729343/
http://suifaijohnmak.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/communication-sep08_leskovec_tdef_page_03_480.jpg
Yin-Yang image http://learn4kicks.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/yinyangconceptmap.gif
Imperial collage second life island http://knowledgecast.wordpress.com/2009/07/10/icl-tour2/
Personal Inquiry project http://www.pi-project.ac.uk/resources/
E-Portfolios http://www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/infokits/e-portfolios

Sources
http://www.geeky-gadgets.com/samsung-galaxy-s2-android-3-0-and-a-2ghz-processor-06-07-2010/
http://thehottestgadgets.com/2008/05/samsung-to-debut-3m-mini-projectors-with-new-phones-00280
http://www.dontwasteyourtime.co.uk/elearning/ipad-is-it-any-good-for-the-classroom-or-learning/
http://www.erwinvanlun.com/images/uploads/SmartGlasses.jpg
OpenLearningInitiative
http://distancelearn.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=distancelearn&cdn=education&tm=6&f=00&su=p897.9.336.ip_&tt=11&bt=1&bts=1&zu=http://www.cmu.edu/oli/
Molecule http://www.flickr.com/photos/8272941@N07/498827420/
Periodic table http://www.flickr.com/photos/chemheritage/3984920162/
Music sheet http://www.flickr.com/photos/anyaka/21848267/
One world http://www.flickr.com/photos/psd/2731067095/
Questionmarkhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/crystaljingsr/3914729343/
Crystal ball http://mashable.com/2009/08/20/ted-future/

Sources
iPhonehttp://virulentwordofmouse.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/iphone.jpg
eBook readers http://wowio.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/reader-options2.jpg

Conole keynote greenwich_2010_07_07

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