OLM Science6_6

Slide 1: Chapter 6 Plate Tectonics Inside the Earth Section 1

Slide 2: Earth Layers * The Earth is divided into four main layers. *Crust *Mantle *Core

Slide 3: The Crust * The Earth’s crust is like the skin of an apple. It is the outer most layer. *The crust makes up 1% of the Earth. * The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates.

Slide 4: The Mantle * The mantle is the layer between the crust & the core. * The mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. * The mantle is divided into two regions: the upper and lower sections.

Slide 5: Core * The core extends from the bottom of the mantle to the center of the Earth. * The outer core is liquid. * The inner core is a solid.

Slide 6: Asthenosphere * Soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move.

Slide 7: Lithosphere * The outermost ridge layer of the Earth

Slide 8: Mesosphere * Beneath the Asthenosphere is the strongest part of the mantle

Slide 9: Outer Core * Liquid layer of the Earth’s core

Slide 10: Inner Core * Solid dense center of our planet

Slide 11: Tectonic Plates * Pieces of the lithoshpere that move around on the top of the asthenosphere

Slide 12: Chapter 6 Plate Tectonics Restless Continents Section 2

Slide 13: Continental Drift * Continents can drift apart from one another and have done so in the past

Slide 14: The Break up of Pangea * 245 Million years ago

Slide 15: Laurasia & Gondwana * 180 Million years ago

Slide 16: North America, Eurasia, Africa, India, South America, Antarctica * 65 Million years ago

Slide 17: Sea-floor spreading * How a new oceanic lithosphere is created as older materials are pulled away

Slide 18: Sea-floor spreading

Slide 19: Magnetic Reversal * Earth’s magnetic poles change positions

Slide 20: Chapter 6 Plate Tectonics The theory of Plate Tectonics Section 3

Slide 21: Plate Tectonics * Earth’s lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around the top of the asthenosphere

Slide 22: Ridge Push * Lithosphere is higher then it is where it sinks beneath the continental lithosphere

Slide 23: Slab Pull * When an oceanic plate collides with the continental plate. The oceanic plate is forced into the asthenosphere

Slide 24: Convection * Hotter material deep within the Earth rises while cooler material sinks

Slide 25: Convergent Boundaries * When two tectonic plates push into one another * Continental/Continental Collisions * Continental/Oceanic Collusions * Oceanic/Oceanic Collusions

Slide 26: Continental/Continental Collisions * When 2 tectonic plates with continental crust collide

Slide 27: Continental/Oceanic Collusions * When a tectonic plate with continental crust crashes into a plate with oceanic plates

Slide 28: Oceanic/Oceanic Collusions * When two oceanic plates collide

Slide 29: Divergent Boundaries * When two tectonic plates move away from one another * Moving apart

Slide 30: Moving Apart * Two tectonic plates move apart from each other

Slide 31: Transform Boundaries * The boundary between two tectonic plates that slide past each other * Sliding Past

Slide 32: Sliding Past * Two tectonic plates slide past each other

Slide 33: Chapter 6 Plate Tectonics Deforming the Earth’s Crust Section 4

Slide 34: Stress * The amount of force that is put on a given material

Slide 35: Compression * The type of stress that occurs when an object is squeezed, when 2 tectonic plates collide

Slide 36: Tension * Stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object

Slide 37: Folding * Rock layers bend due to compression of the Earth’s crust * Anticline * Syncline * Monocline

Slide 38: Anticline

Slide 39: Syncline

Slide 40: Monocline

Slide 41: Fault * The surface along which rocks break & slide past each other

Slide 42: Normal Fault * The hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall

Slide 43: Reverse Fault * The hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall

Slide 44: Strike-slip Fault * Rocks break & move horizontally

Slide 45: Folded Mountains * Rock layers are pushed upward

Slide 46: Fault Block Mountains * Large blocks of the Earth’s crust drop relative to other blocks

Slide 47: Volcanic Mountains * Form over the type of convergent boundaries that include subduction zones