1. Designing 21st
Century Learning
Environments
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2. Achieving
21st
Century Learning Environments
 Understand how to select and use appropriate learning
strategies, technology, media, and materials to achieve 21st
century learning in different environments.
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3. Introduction
Which instructional strategies
support 21st
century learning?
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4.  Implemented during
“Utilize strategies,
technology, media &
materials” step
 Teachers direct the
learning
 Presentations
 Demonstrations
 Drill-and-practice
 Tutorials
 Engage students in higher-
order thinking
 Integrate Technology
 Clickers
 PowerPoint/Prezi
 Videos
 Interactive whiteboards
 Drill-and-practice or tutorial
software
 Podcasts
Teacher-Centered
Strategies
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5.  Occur during “Require
learner participation” step
of ASSURE
 Teachers are facilitators
 Student decision making
 Authentic, hands-on,
engaging
 Discussion
 Cooperative learning
 Games
 Simulation
 Discovery
 Problem-based learning
Student-Centered
Strategies
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6. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Smaldino, Lowther, and Russell
Instructional Technology and Media for Learning, 10e
ISBN 0132099853
Presentation-
 CHARACTERISTICS
 Medium provides information: teacher, textbooks,
Internet sites, audio, video, peers
 ADVANTAGES
 Present once
 Note-taking strategies
 Information sources
 Student presentations
 LIMITATIONS
 Difficult for some students
 Potentially boring
 Note-taking difficulty
 Age appropriateness
A source provides information to the learners
Presentation 4

7. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Smaldino, Lowther, and Russell
Instructional Technology and Media for Learning, 10e
ISBN 0132099853
Demonstration-
 CHARACTERISTICS
 Whole group, small group, or individual
 Observation, not hands-on
 ADVANTAGES
 Seeing before doing
 Guiding tasks
 Using less supplies
 Safety
 LIMITATIONS
 Not hands-on
 Limiting view
 Nonflexible pacing
Learners view an exhibition of a skill or procedure to
be learned
Presentation 4

8. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Smaldino, Lowther, and Russell
Instructional Technology and Media for Learning, 10e
ISBN 0132099853
Drill-and-Practice-
 CHARACTERISTICS
 Increases fluency
 Occurs after instruction
 Must include feedback
 ADVANTAGES
 Corrective feedback
 Information chunking
 Built-in practice
 LIMITATIONS
 Repetitive
 Potentially boring
 Non-adaptive
Learners complete practice exercises
Presentation 4

9. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Smaldino, Lowther, and Russell
Instructional Technology and Media for Learning, 10e
ISBN 0132099853
Tutorial-
 CHARACTERISTICS
 Independent
 One-on-one
 Chunks of information
 ADVANTAGES
 Independent work
 Self-paced
 Individualization
 LIMITATIONS
 Potentially boring
 Possibly frustrating
 Potential lack of guidance
Learners work with an agent for practice and feedback until
competency is achieved

10. Discussion-
CHARACTERISTICS
 Small group
 Large group
 New topics
 Higher-level
questioning
 ADVANTAGES
 Interesting
 Challenging
 Inclusive
 Opportunity for new ideas
 LIMITATIONS
 Potential for limited
participation
 Sometimes unchallenging
 Difficulty level
 Age appropriateness
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11. Cooperative Learning-
CHARACTERISTICS
 Small groups
 Formal or informal
 Conditions
 Individual role = part of
team
 Individual and group
accountability
 Interpersonal and
leadership skills
 Reflection
 ADVANTAGES
 Learning benefits
 Formal/informal
 Learning opportunity
 Content areas
 LIMITATIONS
 Size limitation
 Potential overuse
 Group member limitation
 INTEGRATION: Media
production, software,
presentations
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
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12. Problem-based Learning-
CHARACTERISTICS
 Lifelike problems
 Structured
 Ill-structured
 ADVANTAGES
 Engaging
 Context for learning
 Levels of complexity
 LIMITATIONS
 Difficult to create
 Age appropriateness
 Time-consuming
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
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13. Games-
CHARACTERISTICS
 Motivating
 Challenging
 Problem-solving
skills
 Recognize patterns
 ADVANTAGES
 Engaging
 Match to outcomes
 Variety of settings
 Gain attention
 LIMITATIONS
 Competition concerns
 Levels of difficulty
 Expense
 Misdirection of intention
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
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14. Simulations-
CHARACTERISTICS
 Whole-class, small-group
 Experiences may not be
possible in the real world
 Role play
 ADVANTAGES
 Safety
 Recreate history
 Hands-on
 Variety of ability levels
 LIMITATIONS
 Questionable
representation
 Complexity
 Time factor
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
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15. Discovery-
CHARACTERISTICS
 Scientific method
 Guidance necessary
 Scaffolding
 ADVANTAGES
 Engaging
 Repeated steps
 Student control
 LIMITATIONS
 Time-factor
 Preparation is critical
 Misunderstanding
 INTEGRATION
 Digital tools: cameras,
GPS, video
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
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16.  Face-to-face Classroom
Instruction
 Most prevalent
 Unlimited options for
learning
 Distance Learning
 Students in one location,
peers and teacher in
another
 Classroom divided into
many parts
 Know student resources
 Blended Instruction
 Synchronous and
asynchronous
 Independent Study
 Teacher prepares context
and materials
 Students work at their own
pace
 Informal Study
 Prepare students with
technology
 Informal nature of the study
Learning Context
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17. Integrating Free and
Inexpensive Materials
 Internet
 Open source websites
 Productivity tools
 Collaborative tools
 Video, audio, images
 Other media
 Printed materials
 Video
 Kits
 CDs and DVDs
 Advantages
 Up to date
 In-depth treatment
 Variety of uses
 Student manipulation
 Limitations
 Bias or advertising
 Promotion of special
interests
 Limited quantities
 Obtaining materials
 Evaluating materials
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18. Demonstrating
Professional Knowledge
1. Differentiate between teacher-centered and
student-centered learning strategies.
2.Differentiate between the types of learning
strategies described in this chapter.
3.Discuss how to support learning with
technology and media.
5.Explain the value of integrating free and
inexpensive materials into instruction.
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