Open Access MILE Conference London January 28 th 2009 A Picture’s Worth a Thousand Euros – Return on Investment? How to improve the cultural AND commercial potential of your image collection. Niamh Brennan Trinity College Dublin Garret McMahon Trinity College Dublin Increasing points of access – a guide to metadata harvesting

What’s the issue? “Providing the public with digital access to a collection of images is a necessity, but simply publishing them online doesn't make them accessible…” - Charlotte Sexton, Deputy Head New Media, The National Gallery

“Providing the public with digital access to a collection of images is a necessity, but simply publishing them online doesn't make them accessible…”

- Charlotte Sexton, Deputy Head New Media, The National Gallery

Interoperability… What’s the solution? “… the ability of systems, services and organisations to work together seamlessly toward common or diverse goals”.

Interoperability for discovery of and access to images Requires OPEN STANDARDS for both Communication between systems (digital archives, repositories, etc.) and 2 . Description of resources and collections

Requires OPEN STANDARDS for both

Communication between systems (digital archives, repositories, etc.)

and

2 . Description of resources and collections

OAI Metadata Harvesting – What is it? OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) is a protocol developed by the Open Archives Initiative Based on standards that are Open and freely available Can support any metadata schema Can be incremental Supports federated discovery services based on aggregated and shared metadata

OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) is a protocol developed by the Open Archives Initiative

Based on standards that are Open and freely available

Can support any metadata schema

Can be incremental

Supports federated discovery services based on aggregated and shared metadata

What are they using? Open Archives Initiative (standard) compliant repositories Agreed set of metadata OAI Harvester (+ validator, aggregator) Front end

Open Archives Initiative (standard) compliant repositories

Agreed set of metadata

OAI Harvester (+ validator, aggregator)

Front end

OAI Harvesting: How it works

OAI Harvesting: How it works OAI Harvester Get List

Discovery of, and access to, images across distributed digital libraries/archives can be achieved easily and cost-effectively via metadata harvesting

Interoperability for discovery of and access to images Requires OPEN STANDARDS for both Communication between systems (digital archives, repositories, etc.) and 2 . Description of resources and collections

Requires OPEN STANDARDS for both

Communication between systems (digital archives, repositories, etc.)

and

2 . Description of resources and collections

Research publications Etheses Epublishing/Grey Literature Images

Research publications

Etheses

Epublishing/Grey Literature

Images

Higher Education Authority -funded under Strategic Innovation Fund National Development Plan Research as critical to economic development National research profile Managed by the Irish Universities Association IReL-Open Initiative

Higher Education Authority -funded under Strategic Innovation Fund

National Development Plan

Research as critical to economic development

National research profile

Managed by the Irish Universities Association

OAI Harvesting is not a panacea It needs help!

From: Sefton, Peter (2009) What the OAI-ORE protocol can do for you, [blog entry], PSetfton, 14/10/2008 http://ptsefton.com/2008/10/14/what-the-oai-ore-protocol-can-do-for-you.htm Australian University Repository Census (AUIRC) search Australian Research Repositories Online to the World (ARROW) search

Combined approach: Standardisation & mapping – agreement on same terms where possible Dumbing down & mapping – exposure of lowest common denominator terms only eg 1 date field only Normalisation at harvester end – harvester/validator automatically ‘understands’ and re-labels data

Standardisation & mapping – agreement on same terms where possible

Dumbing down & mapping – exposure of lowest common denominator terms only eg 1 date field only

Normalisation at harvester end – harvester/validator automatically ‘understands’ and re-labels data

Agreement on a Core Set of Metadata Elements for harvesting Use Simple [i.e. unqualified] Dublin Core as the foundation for the Core Set Ensure that the Core Set adequately represents the essential fields covered by the major metadata schemas Keep the number of mandatory fields to a minimum Map the corresponding element/s in richer metadata schemas used locally to the elements in the Core Set Expose only the elements corresponding to the Core Set for harvesting At the local level document the mapping [cross-walk] used (eg. CDWAlite to Dublin Core, VRA Core to Dublin Core) and which elements are exposed for harvesting

Use Simple [i.e. unqualified] Dublin Core as the foundation for the Core Set

Ensure that the Core Set adequately represents the essential fields covered by the major metadata schemas

Keep the number of mandatory fields to a minimum

Map the corresponding element/s in richer metadata schemas used locally to the elements in the Core Set

Expose only the elements corresponding to the Core Set for harvesting

At the local level document the mapping [cross-walk] used (eg. CDWAlite to Dublin Core, VRA Core to Dublin Core) and which elements are exposed for harvesting

Trintiy College Dublin VRA 3.0 to Qualified Dublin Core Crosswalk– page 1

VRA Core to IEEE LOM VRA Core 3.0/4.0/IEEE LOM Crosswalk for UCD School of Architecture/National Digital Learning Repository (NDLR) harvest/bulk upload– Version 2.0 [NB/JC 2009]

Where is the Value? Maximum impact & exposure – works for commercial agencies and for publicly-funded institutions Lightweight, easy implementation Re-use of expensively created metadata for multiple purposes Local control /national, international, specialist applications

Maximum impact & exposure – works for commercial agencies and for publicly-funded institutions

Lightweight, easy implementation

Re-use of expensively created metadata for multiple purposes

Local control /national, international, specialist applications

Interoperability… What’s the solution? “… the ability of systems, services and organisations to work together seamlessly toward common or diverse goals”.

OPENING UP THE GATES OF KNOWLEDGE: A BEGINNERS GUIDE TO OAI-PMH , TrustDR Supporting Report , Version Control: V1 8/May/06 Authors: David Dripps, John Casey & Jackie Proven http://trustdr.ulster.ac.uk/work_in_progress/supporting_reports/Opening_up_the%20Gates_OAI-PMH.php OAI for Beginners - the Open Archives Forum online tutorial http:// www.oaforum.org /tutorial/ National Library of Australia initiatives using the Open Archives Initiative protocol for metadata harvesting http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2003/boston1.html#2a Dewatripont, M et al. (2006) Study on the economic and technical evolution of the scientific publication markets in Europe. Final Report. January 2006. DGResearch, European Commission. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/pdf/scientific-publicationstudy_en.pdf Hegg, Kevin and Knab, Andreas. (2008) Interoperability: 2008 ARLIS/NA-VRA Summer Educational Institute, July 11, 2008 http://www.vraweb.org/seiweb/SEI2008_Presentations/SEI2008_Interoperability.ppt Baca, Murtha (2008) Using Metadata Schemas to Encode and Disseminate Information and Images, MILE Metadata Classification Conference ‘Semantics, Semiotics, and Structures’, London, 18 January 2008 http://www.mileproject.eu/asset_arena/document/AL/BACAFORMILE@LONDON2008PART1FINAL.PDF Baca, Murtha (2008) Creating Integrated Access to Collections On Line; Metadata Harvesting, MILE Metadata Classification Conference ‘Semantics, Semiotics, and Structures’, London, 18 January 2008 http://www.mileproject.eu/asset_arena/document/AL/BACAFORMILE@LONDON2008HARVESTINGFINAL.PDF Digital Library Federation (2007) Best Practices for OAI Data Provider Implementations and Shareable Metadata: A joint initiative between the Digital Library Federation and the National Science Digital Library. http://webservices.itcs.umich.edu/mediawiki/oaibp/?TableOfContents Sefton, Peter (2009) What the OAI-ORE protocol can do for you, [blog entry], PSetfton, 14/10/2008 http://ptsefton.com/2008/10/14/what-the-oai-ore-protocol-can-do-for-you.htm [ accessed 26/01/09 DRIVER Guidelines Version 2.0 (2008): Guidelines for content providers - exposing textual resources with OAI-PMH, November 2008 http://www.driver-support.eu/documents/DRIVER_Guidelines_v2_Final_2008-11-13.pdf [ accessed 26/01/09 ] Arms, Caroline R. (2003) Available and useful: OAI at the Library of Congress in Library Hi Tech 21, (2), 2003, pp 129 - 139 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/techdocs/libht2003.html [ accessed 26/01/09 ]

OPENING UP THE GATES OF KNOWLEDGE: A BEGINNERS GUIDE TO OAI-PMH , TrustDR Supporting Report , Version Control: V1 8/May/06 Authors: David Dripps, John Casey & Jackie Proven http://trustdr.ulster.ac.uk/work_in_progress/supporting_reports/Opening_up_the%20Gates_OAI-PMH.php

OAI for Beginners - the Open Archives Forum online tutorial http:// www.oaforum.org /tutorial/

National Library of Australia initiatives using the Open Archives Initiative protocol for metadata harvesting http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2003/boston1.html#2a

Dewatripont, M et al. (2006) Study on the economic and technical evolution of the scientific publication markets in Europe. Final Report. January 2006. DGResearch, European Commission. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/pdf/scientific-publicationstudy_en.pdf

Hegg, Kevin and Knab, Andreas. (2008) Interoperability: 2008 ARLIS/NA-VRA Summer Educational Institute, July 11, 2008 http://www.vraweb.org/seiweb/SEI2008_Presentations/SEI2008_Interoperability.ppt

Baca, Murtha (2008) Using Metadata Schemas to Encode and Disseminate Information and Images, MILE Metadata Classification Conference ‘Semantics, Semiotics, and Structures’, London, 18 January 2008

http://www.mileproject.eu/asset_arena/document/AL/BACAFORMILE@LONDON2008PART1FINAL.PDF

Baca, Murtha (2008) Creating Integrated Access to Collections On Line; Metadata Harvesting, MILE Metadata Classification Conference ‘Semantics, Semiotics, and Structures’, London, 18 January 2008 http://www.mileproject.eu/asset_arena/document/AL/BACAFORMILE@LONDON2008HARVESTINGFINAL.PDF

Digital Library Federation (2007) Best Practices for OAI Data Provider Implementations and Shareable Metadata: A joint initiative between the Digital Library Federation and the National Science Digital Library. http://webservices.itcs.umich.edu/mediawiki/oaibp/?TableOfContents

Sefton, Peter (2009) What the OAI-ORE protocol can do for you, [blog entry], PSetfton, 14/10/2008

http://ptsefton.com/2008/10/14/what-the-oai-ore-protocol-can-do-for-you.htm [ accessed 26/01/09

DRIVER Guidelines Version 2.0 (2008): Guidelines for content providers - exposing textual resources with OAI-PMH, November 2008 http://www.driver-support.eu/documents/DRIVER_Guidelines_v2_Final_2008-11-13.pdf [ accessed 26/01/09 ]

Arms, Caroline R. (2003) Available and useful: OAI at the Library of Congress in Library Hi Tech 21, (2), 2003, pp 129 - 139 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/techdocs/libht2003.html [ accessed 26/01/09 ]

Open Access Niamh Brennan Trinity College Dublin Phone: +353 1 896 1646 Email: [email_address] Garret McMahon Trinity College Dublin Phone: +353 1 896 1646 Email: [email_address]