presentation given at South Tyrol Free Software Conference on November 18, 2011. It explores how the new world of abundance creates and requires new kinds of open, digital innovation. It also looks ...
presentation given at South Tyrol Free Software Conference on November 18, 2011. It explores how the new world of abundance creates and requires new kinds of open, digital innovation. It also looks at some of the possible business models for companies based around open data.
day after tomorrow: able to put all recorded knowledge – text, sounds, pictures, video - on a memory stick, or in a smartphone
selective updates via Internet
everyone with a smartphone can collaborate as equal
innovation becomes democratised and hyperconnected
”analogue” innovation
traditional innovation in an analogue (pre-Web) world
centralised
top-down
collaboration hard
not scalable
*closed* innovation
” digital” innovation
*open* innovation
de-centralised
bottom-up
collaboration easy
scalable
first appeared in the earliest digital domain: software
its birth and characteristics can be observed in the story of GNU/Linux
what's GNU?
GNU born in 1984 at MIT
GNU is ”GNU's Not Unix” - a recursive acronym
one man's attempt to create a free version of the leading Unix operating system
singular vision
a change of heart
by 1991, GNU was still unfinished: it lacked a ”kernel” - the heart of the operating system
in March 1991, 21-year-old student Linus Torvalds started writing one ”just for fun” – in his Helsinki bedroom
key inflection was August 1991, when he opened up his ”Linux” project using the Internet
open innovation
decentralised
anyone, anywhere, could join in
bottom-up
people fed suggestions, problems and solutions to Linus
collaboration easy
Internet was more affordable
scalable
no formal training required – everything is out in the open
Linus' Law
Eric Raymond: ”given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow”
adding more people to a project increases the probability that someone’s approach will match the problem in such a way that the solution is obvious (”shallow”) to that person
power of open innovation
fruits of open innovation
91% of top 500 supercomputers run Linux
0.2% run Microsoft Windows
Google runs its services on millions of servers running Linux
so does Facebook, Twitter etc.
Android mobile phone system runs on Linux
600,000 handsets activated daily
launched November 2007
open innovation projects
open content
open access
open data
open content
10 million articles on Wikipedia
100 million blogs
” hundreds of millions” videos on YouTube
5 billion pictures on Flickr
one trillion URLs (2008)
open access
scientific method based on sharing knowledge originated 17th century
undermined in later 20th century
US Bayh-Dole Act (1980)
scientific publishing
open access – free online access to research
arXiv.org - 713,177 e-prints (1991)
Public Library of Science (2001)
open data - HGP
Human Genome Project
started 1991, budget of $3.8 billion
first "complete" human genome published 2001
first and biggest open data project
Bermuda Agreement (1996)
all human genomic data placed in public domain immediately, no restrictions
open data today
scientific data
business data
government data
open government/transparency
non-personal
the economics of open data
Human Genome Project
cost: $3.8 billion
benefit: $796 billion economic impact, created 310,000 jobs
EU government data (closed)
cost: €9.5bn
benefit: €68bn
US government data (open)
cost: €19bn
benefit: €750bn
open source businesses
direct
Red Hat - makes money selling open source services
indirect
Facebook - making money from using a mixture of open source internally
Google/Android - building business ecosystem by releasing open source
open data businesses
direct
OpenCorporates.com - "a URL for every company in the world"; 20 territories and 13 million companies
indirect
making money from a mixture of open data: mashup
building business ecosystem by releasing open data
open businesses
open source
using free software to save money, increase independence
open data
using free information to save money, increase independence
open innovation
sharing open source tools, open data with partners, customers and competitors
open source, open data, open innovation
[email_address] @glynmoody on Twitter/identi.ca opendotdotdot.blogspot.com
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