Climate Neutral Leadership G lobal L iving P roject

Climate Targets 80% reduction by 2050 350 PPM carbon Carbon neutrality Energy independent in 10 years Kyoto -- 7% below 1990 by 2012

80% reduction by 2050

350 PPM carbon

Carbon neutrality

Energy independent in 10 years

Kyoto -- 7% below 1990 by 2012

Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim? If humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed and to which life on Earth is adapted, paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm . heads the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies [1] Adjunct Professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University .

If humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed and to which life on Earth is adapted, paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm .

heads the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies [1]

Adjunct Professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University .

All US electricity to be made renewable within 10 years “ Enough solar energy falls on the surface of the earth every 40 minutes to meet 100 percent of the entire world's energy needs for a full year.” "And enough wind power blows through the Midwest corridor every day to also meet 100 percent of US electricity demand.” “ Geothermal energy, similarly, is capable of providing enormous supplies of electricity for America."

“ Enough solar energy falls on the surface of the earth every 40 minutes to meet 100 percent of the entire world's energy needs for a full year.”

"And enough wind power blows through the Midwest corridor every day to also meet 100 percent of US electricity demand.”

“ Geothermal energy, similarly, is capable of providing enormous supplies of electricity for America."

www.350.org http://350.org/en/take-action

80% Reduction by 2050 Scientists, nations and US politicians

588 Campuses Signed ON To Become Carbon Neutral The American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment

“… no longer than a decade , at the most…,” Dr. James Hansen Fred R. Conrad/The New York Times Heads the NASA Institute for Space Studies in New York City

Warming Is “unequivocal” Widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global mean sea level Carbon dioxide and methane “exceeds by far the natural range over the last 650,000 years” IPCC Fourth Assessment

Warming Is “unequivocal”

Widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global mean sea level

Carbon dioxide and methane “exceeds by far the natural range over the last 650,000 years”

Species are moving poles-ward at about four miles per decade . “Isotherms” are moving pole-ward at about thirty-five miles per decade .

Species are moving poles-ward at about four miles per decade .

“Isotherms” are moving pole-ward at about thirty-five miles per decade .

In Greenland annual icequakes: doubled in the late 1990s doubled again by 2005

meltwater descends through crevasses to the ice sheet base lubrication increases the movement of the ice sheet the discharge of giant icebergs

meltwater descends through crevasses to the ice sheet base

lubrication increases the movement of the ice sheet

Might we: Loose maple syrup? Get deer tics?

Loose maple syrup?

Get deer tics?

Iraqi Deaths Related to War 654,965 excess deaths related to the war, or 2.5% of the population, through the end of June 2006. Published in The Lancet , one of the oldest peer-reviewed medical journals founded in 1823 .

654,965 excess deaths related to the war, or 2.5% of the population, through the end of June 2006.

Published in The Lancet , one of the oldest peer-reviewed medical journals founded in 1823 .

Iraqi Infant Mortality (under 1) 40 in 1990 102 in 2005

40 in 1990

102 in 2005

Over 200 species go extinct every day 1000 times faster than natural rate $113 B additional to restore Earth Lester Brown Plan B 3.0

Experience in voting for the Environment McCain -- 0 percent in 2007 24 percent life time Obama -- 67% in 2007 86% lifetime. League of Conservation Voters

Radical Disparity Wealthiest Billion $70 per day Poorest Billion $0.25 per day Global Gap = 250:1 and growing Inter-human equity

Alternatives to $700 Billion spending on war or bailouts $700 Billion would double incomes of poorest billion for seven years

$700 Billion would double incomes of poorest billion for seven years

We are alive at a unique time! Exponential Growth of Population and Consumerism IPAT

What will we do about it?

Severe addiction Swami Youdhoneedhacara

The primary factors that drive impact are in our control. (IPAT) I mpact = P x A x T A – Affluence . How much we consume. P – Population . How many children we have. T– Technology . How efficiently we employ tools.

A – Affluence . How much we consume.

P – Population . How many children we have.

T– Technology . How efficiently we employ tools.

How are campuses taking leadership?

Cash Flow for implementing Carbon Neutrality at UCSB $1 Million/yr. Positive Cash Flow

Sorted by payback

UCSB 14,000 people commute to UCSB by bicycle each day school Students living within 2 miles of campus not eligible to purchase parking permits AS BIKES $88,000 annual budget

14,000 people commute to UCSB by bicycle each day school

Students living within 2 miles of campus not eligible to purchase parking permits

AS BIKES $88,000 annual budget

UNH COGEN Plant Will save estimated $20 million over 20 years. Reduced GHG 21% 2005 vs. 2006

Will save estimated $20 million over 20 years.

Reduced GHG 21%

2005 vs. 2006

UNH Landfill Gas -- EcoLine 12.7 mile underground pipeline Will reduce the GHG an estimated: 67 percent below 2005 levels 57 percent below 1990 levels. Will provide 80-85% of campus energy & sell excess to grid by mid-2009.

12.7 mile underground pipeline

Will reduce the GHG an estimated:

67 percent below 2005 levels

57 percent below 1990 levels.

Will provide 80-85% of campus energy & sell excess to grid by mid-2009.

Cornell Lake Source Cooling

Replaced over 40,000 pounds of CFC refrigerants. Saves approximately 25,000,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity each year. Reduced electricity demand by 10%. Reduced GHG by 37 tons/year of SO2, 16 tons/year of NOx, and 11,000 tons/year of CO2.

Replaced over 40,000 pounds of CFC refrigerants.

Saves approximately 25,000,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity each year.

Reduced electricity demand by 10%.

Reduced GHG by 37 tons/year of SO2, 16 tons/year of NOx, and 11,000 tons/year of CO2.

COA achieves carbon neutrality Maine college reduces and offsets all greenhouse gas emissions Dec. 19, 2007, offset 15 months of GHG - 2,488 tons - (improve signal timing on seventeen Portland arterials) All electricity from hydroelectric generator in Maine Next year's emissions offset will be reduced by 22 percent

Dec. 19, 2007, offset 15 months of GHG - 2,488 tons - (improve signal timing on seventeen Portland arterials)

All electricity from hydroelectric generator in Maine

Next year's emissions offset will be reduced by 22 percent

Oberlin’s Dormitory Energy Competition © 2007 Lucid Design Group. All rights reserved. Do not distribute.

Oberlin’s Dormitory Energy Competition

Benefits: Financial Institutional Health Risk Reduction: e.g. Oil Dependence Effective Management e.g. Understanding system dynamics Reputation/Differentiation Transparency Global Responsibility Alignment with Mission…

Financial

Institutional Health

Risk Reduction: e.g. Oil Dependence

Effective Management e.g. Understanding system dynamics

Reputation/Differentiation

Transparency

Global Responsibility

Alignment with Mission…

CEO of Interface Inc. Ray Anderson has committed: Zero footprint by 2020 – in all of Interface’s operations Dematerialization – renewable embodied energy

Zero footprint by 2020 – in all of Interface’s operations

Dematerialization – renewable embodied energy

by shaking it Waste to landfill down 70% Saved over $336 million since 1996 Ghg down 46 % from 1996 Carbon Intensity, down one-third Water usage down 78% per yard of carpet “ it is so hard to shake the opiate of status quo”

Waste to landfill down 70%

Saved over $336 million since 1996

Ghg down 46 % from 1996

Carbon Intensity, down one-third

Water usage down 78% per yard of carpet

PRINCIPLE 1: SIMPLICITY PRINCIPLE 2: UNEXPECTEDNESS PRINCIPLE 3: CONCRETENESS PRINCIPLE 4: CREDIBILITY PRINCIPLE 5: EMOTIONS PRINCIPLE 6: STORIES

PRINCIPLE 1: SIMPLICITY

PRINCIPLE 2: UNEXPECTEDNESS

PRINCIPLE 3: CONCRETENESS

PRINCIPLE 4: CREDIBILITY

PRINCIPLE 5: EMOTIONS

PRINCIPLE 6: STORIES

Is carbon neutrality too idealistic?

What would a reasonable skeptic say? Drill baby drill More nuclear power Clean coal

Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! (1854)

Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity, simplicity,

The good news? There’s lots of low hanging fruit.

Getting to Carbon Neutrality 20 year plan: Area per occupant -- 30 % reduction Technology of systems – 30 % more efficient Envelope effectiveness – 30 % better insulation Operational controls – 30 % more efficient Management effectiveness – 30 % better scheduling User habits – 30 % more efficient Extending useful life – 30 % longer life Emissions/BTU of fuel source – 30 % less ghg/BTU The total building emissions: = A(0.7) x T(0.7) x E(0.7) x O(0.7) x M(0.7) x U(0.7) x L(0.7) x F(0.7) = 0.05 or 95% reduction … and we haven’t put up a solar panel or wind turbine yet.

Area per occupant -- 30 % reduction

Technology of systems – 30 % more efficient

Envelope effectiveness – 30 % better insulation

Operational controls – 30 % more efficient

Management effectiveness – 30 % better scheduling

User habits – 30 % more efficient

Extending useful life – 30 % longer life

Emissions/BTU of fuel source – 30 % less ghg/BTU

The total building emissions:

= A(0.7) x T(0.7) x E(0.7) x O(0.7) x M(0.7) x U(0.7) x L(0.7) x F(0.7)

= 0.05 or 95% reduction

… and we haven’t put up a solar panel or wind turbine yet.

Getting to Carbon Neutral 30 percent over 20 years

The more rigorous the design constraints: The more creative and useful the final system. 20 percent vs. factor 20 reduction

The more creative and useful the final system.

What is the factor you are using in your payback formula for the rising costs of energy?

Trading externalities Trading Toxicity for Lower Carbon. (Nuclear) Trading Habitat for Independence from Foreign Oil. (Bio fuels) No value given to natural systems Ignores ecosystem services Ignores toxicity Caution against bean counting carbon

Trading externalities

Trading Toxicity for Lower Carbon. (Nuclear)

Trading Habitat for Independence from Foreign Oil. (Bio fuels)

No value given to natural systems

Ignores ecosystem services

Ignores toxicity

Quantifying Sustainability Humanity’s Consumption Compared to Biospheric Production

Living Planet Report WWF, Global Footprint Network Approx. 9,000 data points/country. Computed for 150 nations from 1961 to the present. Sums over 200 categories including cereals, timber, fishmeal and fibers Referenced to biosphere to relate to global economy

Approx. 9,000 data points/country.

Computed for 150 nations from 1961 to the present.

Sums over 200 categories including cereals, timber, fishmeal and fibers

Referenced to biosphere to relate to global economy

US Auto Footprint United States

High embodied energy materials and services Computers Food Buildings Communications Insurances Missing from the inventories

Biomass concerns: Biomass has greater CO2/BTU than most fuels. Fuel Type Pounds of CO2 per Million BTU Wood chips 222 Coal 205 - 227 #6 oil 174 #2 oil 161 Landfill Gas 115 Solar Thermal 0 (approx) Wind 0 (approx) Low-impact hydro 0 (approx )

Biomass has greater CO2/BTU than most fuels.

Fuel Type Pounds of CO2 per Million BTU

Wood chips 222

Coal 205 - 227

#6 oil 174

#2 oil 161

Landfill Gas 115

Solar Thermal 0 (approx)

Wind 0 (approx)

Low-impact hydro 0 (approx )

Biomass down sides: Forest Lover -- inherent value. Forests of New England are returning, reindustrialize them? Better alternatives exist. Polluting, immediate release of carbon, dirty, crude, inefficient. Species extinction currently 1000 times natural rate Logging impacts biodiversity, habitat, hydrology and old-growth ecology.

Forest Lover -- inherent value.

Forests of New England are returning, reindustrialize them?

Better alternatives exist.

Polluting, immediate release of carbon, dirty, crude, inefficient.

Species extinction currently 1000 times natural rate

Logging impacts biodiversity, habitat, hydrology and old-growth ecology.

More biomass down sides: Forests have highest ecosystem services of land types. No value-added component. (Cedar $50 into $5,000) Large areas needed Forests use ‘waste’ as mulch, habitat & water retention and add carbon and nitrogen. Biodiversity and food -- priority. Ethanol can require more energy to produce than it delivers.

Forests have highest ecosystem services of land types.

No value-added component. (Cedar $50 into $5,000)

Large areas needed

Forests use ‘waste’ as mulch, habitat & water retention and add carbon and nitrogen.

Biodiversity and food -- priority.

Ethanol can require more energy to produce than it delivers.

Ecosystem services Water purification Carbon sequestration Climate regulation Soil retention Wildlife habitat Pollination

17 Ecosystem services Is estimated to average of US$33 trillion per year. Global gross national product total is around US$18 trillion per year. For the entire biosphere For 16 biomes

Is estimated to average of US$33 trillion per year.

Global gross national product total is around US$18 trillion per year.

Oren Lyons -- Onondaga “ What you people call your natural resources our people call our relatives.” Rewire

Try this at home! Playing with renewables demystifies them.

Quantum Reductions Making At home, can make a believer out of you.

Sharing – Two in car (1/2 footprint) Caring –Halve travel (1/4 footprint) Conserving – 2 x the mpg (1/8 footprint) More sharing – 4 in car (1/16) Caring – Half travel again (1/32 ) Bike Commuter Car Commuter Bus Commuter #1 Impact Item: Transportation Factor 24

Sharing – Two in car (1/2 footprint)

Caring –Halve travel (1/4 footprint)

Conserving – 2 x the mpg (1/8 footprint)

More sharing – 4 in car (1/16)

Caring – Half travel again (1/32 )

Zero emission vehicle

#2 Impact item: Housing (sq-ft. & embodied energy) 1/5 area/person X 1/5 impact/area = Factor 25 $1,500

#3. Impact item: utilities One cord of wood (R45 walls)

Micro solar homestead – Vermont

Thermo-siphon solar hot water

#4 Impact item: Diet Localvore food Factor 25 Vegan 1/15 – 1/30 Local/organic --¼ - ½ Organic -- ¼ -½ Veganic

Sometimes you just have too many carrots

Root cellar Stores vegetables for 6 months without energy

Harvesting rye

The threshing floor

Winnowed winter rye

February’s blueberries

A 20 year experiment in detangling from materialism War-tax resistor Attempt at Global Living -- Avg. $5,000/year for 16 years Volunteered over 20,000 hours

War-tax resistor

Attempt at Global Living -- Avg. $5,000/year for 16 years

Volunteered over 20,000 hours

www.dartmouth.edu/~sustain Sustainability at Dartmouth College

Projects include: Indicators High performance buildings Energy and CO2 reduction Solid waste reduction Waste-free dining Sustainability coordinator training Outreach and communication

Indicators

High performance buildings

Energy and CO2 reduction

Solid waste reduction

Waste-free dining

Sustainability coordinator training

Outreach and communication

Student initiatives ECO The Big Green Bus ESD Dartmouth Progressives The Green Magazine Biodiesel Project Farm and Field Green Greeks

ECO

The Big Green Bus

ESD

Dartmouth Progressives

The Green Magazine

Biodiesel Project

Farm and Field

Green Greeks

Building feedback -- energy and water

Design new facilities to perform in the top 5% by building type 20 % of buildings use 80 % of the energy

Building performance

Enthalpy Heat Recovery

Wastewater heat recovery

Ground source heat pump Standing column Well Well Drilling

Possible solar thermal applications : Make-up water for steam plant Heating pools and hot water in the gym Leased equipment with positive cash flow in one to two years.

Possible solar thermal applications :

Make-up water for steam plant

Heating pools and hot water in the gym

Leased equipment with positive cash flow in one to two years.

Dartmouth’s Garbage EF United States Context

Social marketing

Garbage from over 500 lunches

12 hours of trash from Collis

Compost facility in action

Sales up 10.1% Customer transactions up 7.3%

in Greek houses, dorms and campus offices Training Sustainability Coordinators

The Chronicle of Higher Education Wednesday, January 24, 2007 Dartmouth Earns Highest Grade on Sustainability Report Card Along with Williams College, Harvard and Stanford. Issued by The Sustainable Endowments Institute

Dartmouth Earns Highest Grade on Sustainability Report Card Along with Williams College, Harvard and Stanford.

Issued by The Sustainable Endowments Institute

Tending the inner fire

Sustainability asks us to look at the world differently.

Yes! We can take back some Proxies

Can we meet some of needs without Corporations and Oil?

But… How will we get around?

Who will feed us?

Who will be my friend?

How will we stay warm?

Where will the sweetness for life come from?

David Orr invites us to: Imagine colleges and universities with a commitment to operate so that they do not undermine the integrity, beauty and stability of the world their students will inherit.

Could institutions of higher education lead in the transition to a new world powered by current sunlight? Why not? The limits are no longer technological or even economic, but those of imagination and commitment.

The Winner? Most fun @ the smallest footprint.