How to search the pharmaceutical literature 2012

UBC Pharmacy Residents Workbook 2012 “Finding the Best Evidence” July 23rd2012 (Koerner Library, K217 computer lab) Dean Giustini (DG)– UBC Biomedical Branch Librarian Sharon Stevens (SS) –PharmacyLiaison Librarian, Woodward Library Ray Li (RL) – Pharmacist, BC Drug & Poison Information CentreSchedule Topic Resources9:30-9:50 HLWIKI Canadago to http://hlwiki.ca Introduction(s) – DG/SS/RL UBC Library homepage Other navigation help as required9:50-10:20 Systematic approaches to E-books & major ebook health collections at UBC answering drug Examples: AccessMedicine, Books@0vid Information requests MDConsult, StatRef Natural Standard “Tertiary sources” Ray e-Therapeutics DPIC cases (role play)10:20-10:40 Search break10:40-11:00 Clinical practice guideline Clinical guidelines sources sources– SS BC Guidelines, CMA Infobase, etc. Point of care decision-making tools such as BMJ Point of care – DG/ RL Clinical Evidence and First Consult11:00 – 11:20 Article indexes & databases – DG/SS(Ray as needed) Overview of major drug databases (handout) Drug nomenclature; how it affects searching11:20 – 12:00 OvidSP problem set OvidSP Platform (roaming)12:00 – 12:50 Lunch Free time12:50 – 1:45 Problem set/primary OvidSP Medline & Embase, IPA sources review – DG / RL PubMed PICO review1:45 – 2:00 EBMR databases– SS Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Cochrane Controlled Trials Register ACP Journal Club & DARE2:00 – 2:30 Other databases Web of Science (ISI platform) BIOSIS (ISI platform) Other resources (handout) o Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Program o Grey literature2:30-3:00 Formulating a response to Tips drug information requests – Writing resources RL/DG/SS Referencing guides Reference managers RefWorks, Zotero or Mendeley? Keeping up to date3:00 – end Pharmacy Jeopardy Teams Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 1

Introduction to today’s workshop for UBC pharmacy residentsThe following handbook is for UBC pharmacy residents and graduate students to the doctoral level in pharmacy whohope to build superior information search skills in order to access the best evidence for their demanding programs andpractices. If you require remedial assistance with locating literature resources or searching the pharmacy literature,contact Sharon Stevens, UBC Pharmacy Liaison librarian or Dean Giustini, UBC Biomedical librarian.UBC Hospital LibrariesThe University of British Columbia Library has three offsite hospital libraries at BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital, St.Paul’s Hospital and Vancouver General Hospital (Diamond Centre, Floor 2). We license thousands of ebooks, ejournalsand databases. Each library has print journals but more and more digital resources are now offered to you. The UBCLibrary has a free document delivery service to provide articles not located at UBC libraries. Each hospital libraryprovides access to computers, printers, copiers and Internet Access. Wifi access (Wireless Internet) is available via‘ubcsecure’ at St. Paul’s and VGH www.wireless.ubc.ca.UBCCardThe UBCCard (which functions as a library card also) can be obtained from the UBC Carding Office on the Point GreyCampus, UBC Bookstore. For information about library cards, see How to Get a Library Card.UBC LIBRARY WEBSITEhttp://www.library.ubc.ca/Pharmacy databases, journals and e-books UBC Library resources such as pharmacy databases, journals and e-books are by subscription (i.e. the library pays for access), so you must authenticate as a UBC user when at home or at a non-UBC computer. See also: Pharmacy subject guideHow to search For an overview of how to search pharmacy-related databases, see page 10 of this handout. It is aimed at those who have a basic understanding of searching and how to use common indexes and databases such as EMBASE and PubMed. For a review, see the OvidSP Tutorial or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmedtutorial/Access Off-Campus Campus wide login (CWL) http://www.cwl.ubc.ca For more information, see the UBC Library homepage under: Connecting from home. Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 2

If you are off-campus, you must authenticate as a UBC user in order to get into our databases and online journal collections. The two ways of authenticating are by 1) myVPN and 2) EZProxy. MyVPN requires a change of settings on your computer whereas EZProxy prompts you to log in using either your CWL or library barcode/PIN when trying to access a resource. Online books via UBC Library Before you buy any textbooks, see if UBC library has an online version of it. Many classic titles are available such as: Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation on Books@Ovid Basic & Clinical Pharmacology on AccessMedicine More e-books e-Books are most often grouped into collections of online books (such as those below) UBC Library provides access to thousands of e-books through the UBC library catalogue Want to find other e-books in our catalogue? see: http://search.library.ubc.ca/AccessMedicinehttp://resources.library.ubc.ca/1258 Titles include: Harrison’s Principles of internal medicine (Harrison’s online) Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological basis of therapeutics Tintinalli’s Emergency medicine Lange educational library, including Olson’s Poisoning & drug overdoseBooks@Ovidhttp://resources.library.ubc.ca/477 Titles include: Briggs’ Drugs in pregnancy and lactation Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 3

eTherapeutics+http://resources.library.ubc.ca/1147 Contents include: e-CPS Therapeutics: online version of Therapeutic Choices Lexi-InteractMD Consult - http://resources.library.ubc.ca/290 Titles include: Cecil Medicine (Textbook of Medicine) Harriet Lane Handbook ; Nelson Textbook of pediatrics Haddad and Winchester’s Clinical management of poisoning and drug overdoseSTAT!Refhttp://resources.library.ubc.ca/440 Titles include: AAFP Conditions A to Z (patient-friendly Q&A references on a variety of conditions) DSM-IV-TR Red Book Stedman’s Medical dictionary (under the Resources tab) Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 4

Online journal articles via UBC Library Many scholarly pharmacy journals are available as online journals at UBC Library. If you search for information in a biomedical or pharmaceutical database, you should be able to see UBCs eLink icon in order to locate an online version of an item. In most cases, we have an online version of the journal you need. Sometimes, if full-text is not available, see whether we have a print copy. If we have a print copy at Woodward Library, you can find the item generally in the book stacks on floors 2 or 3 and photocopy it. If we have a print copy offsite such as at St. Pauls Hospital Library or Vancouver General Hospital, please use the DocDel service to order a copy of the article. If the Library cannot provide an electronic or print copy for you, you can order the article via the Interlibrary Loan (ILL) Order page (free to UBC students, faculty and staff)Clinical practice guidelinesBritish Columbia BCGuidelines - Guidelines and Protocols Advisory Committee (GPAC) o browse numerous conditions, with particular focus on circumstances in British ColumbiaCanada CMA Infobase: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs)Canadian Medical Association (CMA) o 1200 publicly-accessible evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) developed by medical or health organizations in CanadaNorth American (and beyond) National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) o a US-based public resource for evidence-based clinical practice guidelinesUnited Kingdom NICE National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence SIGN Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network TRIP Database: Turning Research Into PracticeUK search tool for evidence & guidelines Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 5

Current awarenessThere are many ways to keep up to current literature, including subscribing to electronic bulletins and newsletters,setting up RSS feeds for updates from key journals, creating alerts for specific databases, and participating in journalclub. Here are some ideas for you to explore as you customize your strategy for keeping up with current evidence. Bulletins, newsletters, etc. British Columbia Pharmacy Association, The Tablet http://www.bcpharmacy.ca/about-bcpha-pha (member access; student members free) Canadian Pharmacists Journal http://www.cpjournal.ca/ Canadian Pharmacists Letter http://www.canadianpharmacistsletter.com (member access) College of Pharmacists of BC http://www.bcpharmacists.org Medical Letter http://www.medletter.com/ (member access) Pharmacy Gateway Pharmacy Practice & Drugstore Canada - http://www.pharmacygateway.ca/ Therapeutics Letter (UBC Therapeutics Initiative) http://www.ti.ubc.ca/TherapeuticsLetter The Therapeutics Education Collaboration offers entertaining and informative podcasts. Episode 40 deals with keeping up to date with the medical literature UC Berkeley Wellness Letter http://www.wellnessletter.com/ (some free, member access) UBC Continuing Education Professional Development http://www.pharmacy.ubc.ca/cppd/ eNews updates Amedeo Medical Literature Guide: Set up weekly updates - http://www.amedeo.com/ (CADTH) Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health: What’s New RSS feed http://cadth.ca/ Health Canada Advisories, Warnings and Recalls: See the “Subscribe to news” link http://www.hc- sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/index-eng.php Medscape.com: Sign up for daily news email or set up RSS feed http://www.medscape.com/ Natural Medicines Comprehensive (NMCD) eUpdate http://www.naturaldatabase.com/ (subscribers only; eUpdate is free) PharmaTimes: Offers choice of various e-alerts (daily, twice-weekly, monthly) http://www.pharmatimes.com/ MedEffect: Use e-Notice to sign up http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/medeff/index-eng.php US FDA MedWatch: Safe alerts available by email or RSS feed http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/ Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 6

News & media Globe and Mail http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health/ NYTimes http://www.nytimes.com/pages/health/ Reuters http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html Media Doctor http://www.mediadoctor.ca/ (whose goal to improve media coverage of drugs and treatments)RSS Feeds (Social media) RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication or Rich Site Summary RSS reader = aggregator = feed reader Feed = web feed = channel YouTube video explains what RSS feeds are about, how to set up a feed reader http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0klgLsSxGsURSS feeds for TOCs Alternatively, you can also set up RSS feeds to customized searches (including searches by journal title) in PubMed and in OvidSP. Annals of Internal Medicine http://www.annals.org/ Annals of Pharmacotherapy http://www.theannals.com/ American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy http://www.ajhp.org/ British Medical Journal (BMJ) http://www.bmj.com/ Canadian Medical Journal - http://www.cmaj.ca/ Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) http://jama.ama-assn.org/ Lancet http://www.thelancet.com/ New England Journal of Medicine http://content.nejm.org/These journals are not set up for RSS feeds, but their TOCs are available as e-alerts: Canadian Pharmacists Journal (CPhA) http://www.cpjournal.ca/ Pharmacotherapy (American College of Clinical Pharmacy) http://www.pharmacotherapy.org/ Grindrod et al. Pharmacy 2.0: novel ways to network and support practice change in Canada. 2011. Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 7

SEARCHING THE PHARMACEUTICAL LITERATURE For more information, see the UBC Pharmacy Handout 2012 (on http://hlwiki.ca) In evidence-based practice, it is essential to keep up-to-date with developments in your field and to ask patient-specific clinical questions arising in your daily practice. This handout provides an overview of the major pharmacy databases and evidence-based sources; as such, provides search tips for those needing to improve their basic to intermediate search skills. Please ask a librarian for information if you want a skills assessmentMAJOR INDEXES & DATABASES DESCRIPTION SEARCH TIPS & PEARLSMedline (OvidSP) The US National Library of Searching by keyword vs. subject headinghttp://resources.library.ubc.ca/139 Medicine’s (NLM) premier bibliographic database covers the Keyword or textword searching finds biomedicine, nursing, pharmacy, occurrences of keywords in titles and/or dentistry, veterinary medicine, the abstracts (or other specified fields) of a health care system and preclinical reference. Generally speaking, keyword sciences. searching is less accurate and yields more irrelevant results than subject searching (since Data producer is NLM. OvidSP is a words or phrases may have more than one commercial vendor. meaning). Keyword searching is necessary when your topic does not have subject Contains bibliographic citations and heading equivalents or when available subject abstracts from ~5500 biomedical headings are not specific enough. journals. When conducting keyword searches, Daily update; 1948 – present remember to try synonymous or related terms, variant spellings (American vs. British), and word endings (singular-plural forms). Subject searching or controlled vocabulary searching helps to deal with synonyms and different spellings, as most articles on the same topic are indexed using the same subject heading or controlled term, regardless of the spellings or terminology used in the article being indexed. Generally yields more precise and relevant results. In Medline subject headings are referred to as MeSH terms (“Medical Subject Headings”). MeSH are arranged in a hierarchical order, with narrower headings indented under broader headings. TIP: For a comprehensive search USE a combination of subject and keyword searching Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 8

Explode function (when using MeSH) Explode allows you to expand your search strategy to incorporate a subject heading and its more specific subject headings indented below it. Exploding a search may be important because indexers assign the most specific term or subject heading available, so in order to include all possible search terms, the broader term may need to be exploded. NOTE: In this example, exploding the MeSH term “Canada” includes results indexed with more specific MeSH terms for each province and territory. Focus function (when using MeSH) Focus is an option that will limit the search to only those citations in which the selected term is considered a major topic of the article. An article may be indexed with 15 – 20 MeSH headings, but typically there will only be about 3 MeSH headings that are designated as major topics. NOTE: Explode and Focus can be used simultaneously. For example, exploding and focusing the MeSH term “Canada” will also retrieve records in which the MeSH term “British Columbia” is a major topic. Scope notes (when using MeSH) Scope notes provide useful definitions about MeSH terms for indexing purposes. They provide information about when the heading was created and what heading(s) was/were previously used in indexing. Scope notes are especially useful when you have an array of similar MeSH terms to select from and aren’t sure which to use.Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 9

NOTE: For example, the scope note for the MeSH term “Pediatrics” clearly defines it as a medical specialty, not a patient population. To limit results to a pediatric population, use AGE GROUPS not the discipline of pediatrics. Keyword search strategies Careful keyword searching is necessary when no MeSH terms are suitable for your search (i.e., if a concept is too recent for a new MeSH to have been created). Remember that MeSH indexing is done by people and is imperfect. By using only MeSH terms you may be missing relevant records that were indexed inadequately or incorrectly. Using keywords is a way to make the search as thorough as possible. Keyword searching can be particularly effective when the search terms are highly unique NOTE:To search variants on a keyword, use $ (for example, wait$ finds wait or waiting, list$ finds list or lists) Use an asterisk * as a truncation symbol also To make keyword searches more relevant in OvidSP, TRY limiting keyword searches to the title or abstract field, or using the adjacency function. For example, in search set 4, wait or waiting must be within 3 words of any one of the keywords in the parentheses. Limits Use limits to restrict your search results by age, date of publication, language, publication type, etc. For greater efficiency apply limits to your final search set, rather than to individual sets as you’re searching.Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 10

NOTE: To view the range of limits available, click to expand limits, and then click on Additional Limits. In contrast to EMBASE, Medline offers a greater range of publication types as limiters.Embase (OvidSP) International (but European Indexing in EMBASEhttp://resources.library.ubc.ca/129 focused) biomedical and In EMBASE, subject headings are called pharmacological database; EMTREE terms; in Medline, MeSH terms extensive indexing of drug There are important differences between the information; ~5000 journals; two comprehensive coverage of EMBASE uses INN names for drugs; Medline pharmacy, pharmacology and uses USAN names toxicology with detailed subject EMTREE provides extensive cross referencing headings for drugs; weekly updates; of drug names; Registry numbers are routinely 1980 – present included Drug and device brand & manufacture names added by indexers when cited by source author in full text References to investigational or recently approved drugs much easier to locate than in Medline NOTE: The EMTREE display for a subject heading shows broader& narrower headings and “used for” references Used for references are synonymous terms that automatically map to that heading Although the EMBASE display is different from MEDLINE, explode, focus & subheadings function similarly EMTREE subheadings Subheadings allow the searcher to refine the search further by specifying some aspect of the EMTREE subject heading. For example: antibiotic agent/ae TIP: Subheadings can be useful when applied to a subject heading that have many articles associated with it, but should generally be used with caution Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 11

NOTE: Subheadings (also referred to as “link terms”) for EMTREE drug subject headings are much more specific and varied than they are in Medline.Pubmed.gov US National Library of Medicine’s Automatic term mapping (NLM) freely available search tool to biomedical literature. Keywords that are entered into the search box are matched (in this order) against a MeSH translation table, a Journals translation table, the Medline (i.e. the indexed Full Author translation table and an Author Index, the Full Investigator portion) forms largest part of (Collaborator) translation table and an Investigator (Collaborator) index. PubMed. When a match is found for a term or phrase in a translation table the Pubmed includes OLDMEDLINE , mapping process is complete and does not continue on to the next in-process and non-indexed translation table. citations. If a match is found in this translation table, the term will be searched as MeSH (that includes the MeSH term and any specific terms indented under that term in the MeSH hierarchy), and in all fields. TIP: See how Pubmed translates your search, click Details tab Automatic term mapping (translation) is good in Pubmed but not 100%. Drug trade names do not map well, for example, motrin maps to “ibuprofen” but advil fails to map to its non-proprietary name Where term mapping is weak, try the MeSH database or examine relevant records for clues about the most relevant MeSH term available Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 12

Cochrane Database of Systematic Produced by Cochrane Searching in CDSR and DAREReviews (CDSR)) Collaboration, an international,on OvidSP non-profit, independent Via UBC Library’s list of Indexes & Databaseshttp://resources.library.ubc.ca/644/ organization that produces http://resources.library.ubc.ca/644/ systematic reviews of healthcare Can search individually, or with other interventions. It contains 2 types databases that comprise EBM Reviews. of publications: completed Subject heading searching not available; systematic reviews & protocols keyword only. for future reviews. . Searching in CDSR and DAREDatabase of Abstracts of Review of A filtered source containingEffectiveness (DARE) critical assessments of systematic Available through UBC Library’s list of Indexeson OvidSP reviews published in the & Databaseshttp://resources.library.ubc.ca/489/ literature. http://resources.library.ubc.ca/489/ Produced by the UK’s National Health Services’ Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.International Pharmaceutical Produced by the American Society Searching in IPAAbstracts of Health System Pharmacists.on OvidSP Available through UBC Library’s list of Indexeshttp://resources.library.ubc.ca/992 Smaller but more focused & Databases, seeInternational Pharmaceutical database covering pharmacy Abstracts (IPA) specialty journals Generally, searching is by keyword. Biopharmaceutics, drug stability, pharmaceutical technology, Strong for drug brand names. pharmacy education, and legal aspects of drugs Monthly update; 1970 – present.BIOSIS Previews Journal references from Biological Searching in BIOSIS(on ISI) Abstracts plus the references to Subject headings (aka descriptors descriptors)http://resources.library.ubc.ca/551 meetings, reviews, books, and subdivided into categories, for example major monographs from Biological concepts, biosystematic names, etc. Abstracts/RRM (Reports, Reviews, Includes CAS registry numbers but cannot be Meetings). relied upon to retrieve all references to given compounds. Covers Agriculture, Biology, Provides 2 levels of conference coverage: 1) Biochemistry, Biotechnology, citations that summarize meeting overall and Botany, Pre-Clinical and 2) separate records for individual papers Experimental Medicine, See BIOSIS Previews Pharmacology, Veterinary Sciences and Zoology 1969 – present. Weekly update.Web of Science Covers a range of subjects, Searching in Web of Science(on ISI) physical sciences, medical Searching mostly keyword drivenhttp://resources.library.ubc.ca/277 sciences, life sciences, applied Excellent source of cited reference searching sciences, agriculture, humanities (i.e. Who has cited a particular paper?) and social sciences, law, business. Good for finding landmark articles 1900 – present. Weekly update. Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 13

Selected resources for secondary literature (i.e., clinical guidelines, review articles, evidence-based summaries) $$ - A point of care/bedside Available through UBC library’s Indexes and Databases FIRSTConsult information tool with links to http://resources.library.ubc.ca/1036 (UBC guidelines. A companion subscribes) product to MDConsult, which includes e-books, patient leaflets, selected e- journals, etc. FREE - TRIP A meta-search database for Available on the web at: http://www.tripdatabase.com Database finding guidelines, evidence- based synopses, clinical For a full list of what sources are searched by TRIP, see: questions and more. Covers N. America, Europe and http://www.tripdatabase.com/AboutUs/publications/index.html around the world. FREE - CMA Canadian source maintained Available on the web at: Infobase by Canadian Medical http://www.cma.ca/index.cfm/ci_id/54316/la_id/1.htm Association. Guidelines published or reviewed in the Keyword searching; also possible to narrow by guideline developer. last five years. “Currently includes over 1200 CPGs Provides full text if possible; full text may not always be available developed or endorsed by depending on copyright. Short record is given with more detailed record authoritative medical or (with analysis) for some. health organization.” Archive of guidelines older than 5 years is available.FREE - National US source; maintained by US Available on the web at: http://www.guideline.gov Guideline Agency for HealthcareClearinghouse Research and Quality. Keyword search recommended, though MeSH is available. “Produced under auspices of Provides guideline syntheses. medical associations; relevant professional Complete summary provides fairly in-depth analysis of guidelines. societies, public or private organizations, government Creates on-the-fly comparison charts of multiple guidelines. agencies at the Federal, State, or local level; or health Provides archive of guidelines older than 5 years care organizations or plans.” For more information, see Expert searching for the systematic review http://hlwiki.slais.ubc.ca/index.php/Systematic_review_searching Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 14

Major biomedical research databases at a glanceDatabase Dates Sources Geographic Abstracts Subject Scope Indexing NotesName Covered Scope & Updating Language CoverageMedline 1946 – 5,500 journals 85 countries (47% 61% of records Premier int’l - MeSH subject(part of present (~1,600 indexed titles originate in added from 1975 biomedical headings 2012PubMed& cover-to-cover) US) have abstracts; database; 60% + of - ~26,000on OvidSP) Updated none from 66-74; papers in clinical thesaurus terms daily 37 languages back to 1949; medicine with - 83 topical 74% English Index medicus slight American subheadings 22 million back to 1879 bias - uses USAN terms citations for drugs - no added indexing for medical devices or manufacturer namesEmbase 1980 – 5,000 journals 90-100 countries 64% records International and - EMTREE subject(on OvidSP) present (~1,000 cover- (40% content accompanied by comparable to headings to-cover) overlap with abstracts Medline, but more - ~56,000 Updated Medline) (backfiles preclinical thesaurus terms weekly available for material. Published - detailed drug 34 languages 1947-1973 at by Elsevier. name indexing; 78 ~12 80% English Embase.com) Pharmaceutical lit drug-focused million coverage is subheadings citations excellent. - uses INN terms European and and CAS registry Asian content numbersEBM Reviews 1991 – ~375,000 ACP, Cochrane Most have Central tool in - Keyword, phrase(Cochrane Present records; 10,000 Collaboration, abstracts; some EBM; systematic searchableLibrary) added annually Cochrane groups fulltext reviews of - Some records(on OvidSP) Updated & UK NHS Dare systematic treatments; included from quarterly reviews narrative reviews Medline and definitive controlled trialsCINAHL – 1981 – 2900+ journals, 18 foreign Most citations - nursing and allied - 12,000+ CINAHLCumulated present dissertations, languages since have abstracts health literature headingsindex to books, theses, 1994 from 1981; - 68 topicalnursing and ~2 million alternative includes Cochrane subheadingsallied health citations therapies citations; 55% - American Nursesliterature content is unique Association(on EBSCO) Updated not in Medline or journals are fully bi- Embase indexed; legal monthly cases, research instruments, peer- reviewed and consumer materials Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 15

Abbreviations used in previous chart(s):ACP – American College of PhysiciansCAS – Chemical Abstracts ServiceEBM – Evidence-based medicineINN - International Nonproprietary NamesISI - Institute for Scientific InformationOA – Open accessUSANs - U.S. adopted names Search Questions& Practice with Librarians/Pharmacist1) Find as many records as you can in OvidSP Medline and Embase that reference Lucentis. Compare the number of records in each database.2) You’re trying to find a few articles that discuss weight gain in patients on atypical antipsychotics, how would you search the concept of atypical antipsychotics in OvidSP Medline and Embase respectively? Find articles that discuss atypical antipsychotics in OvidSP Embase and Medline.3) If you explode the MeSH term Analgesics, Non-Narcotic in OvidSP Medline, you get 235,198 results. If you do the same thing in PubMed using the MeSH browser, you get 60,484 results. Can you explain this disparity in the number of search results?4) An ophthalmologist calls in a prescription to your pharmacy for cyclosporine ophthalmic drops for the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye). You only have cyclosporine capsules. Is there literature that discusses the compounding of cyclosporine into an ophthalmic drop? Compare what you find in IPA, Medline/PubMed and Embase. Which database yields the most useful articles on this topic? Giustini, Stevens, Li | UBC Pharmacy Residents 2012 16

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How to search the pharmaceutical literature 2012

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How to search the pharmaceutical literature 2012 Document Transcript