The first year of independent, open-access (OA) publishing Open Medicine: Anita Palepu 1,3 & Dean Giustini 2,3 1 MSFHR Senior Scholar, Scientist, CHEOS; Associate Professor of Medicine, UBC; 2 UBC Biomedical Librarian 3 Editorial team, Open Medicine < http://www. openmedicine .ca/ >

Scholarly publishing model Challenges (and conflict) in biomedicine Publishers’ & Drug companies influence What is open access (OA)? How did we get here, circa 2008? Open Medicine (OM) Look back at year I and the future Medical librarian-physician collaboration Roadmap Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Scholarly publishing model

Challenges (and conflict) in biomedicine

Publishers’ & Drug companies influence

What is open access (OA)?

How did we get here, circa 2008?

Open Medicine (OM)

Look back at year I and the future

Medical librarian-physician collaboration

Conflict between publishers and editors A recurring theme Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Conflict between publishers and editors

“ The pharmaceutical industry showed us that the advertising dollar could be a two-edged sword, a carrot or a stick. If you ever wondered whether they play hardball, that was a pretty good demonstration that they do.” - Robert Fletcher, then-editor of Annals 1992 Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

“ The pharmaceutical industry showed us that the advertising dollar could be a two-edged sword, a carrot or a stick. If you ever wondered whether they play hardball, that was a pretty good demonstration that they do.”

- Robert Fletcher, then-editor of Annals

Editor fired by AMA for fast tracking report about what college students considered as “ having sex “ Coincided with President Clinton's “I did not have sex with that woman” Justification: Lundberg “Swayed from science and medicine into politics.” 1999 Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Editor fired by AMA for fast tracking report about what college students considered as “ having sex “

Coincided with President Clinton's “I did not have sex with that woman”

Justification: Lundberg “Swayed from science and medicine into politics.”

2006 Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Canadian Pharmacists Association complained about a CMA news article on Plan B Publisher told CMAJ editors to withhold article because “investigative reporting isn’t scientific research” Clear interference with editorial autonomy Prioritized relationship with a collegial professional body over best interests of patients http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/ full/174/7/945 Plan B – ‘Morning after pill’ Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Canadian Pharmacists Association complained about a CMA news article on Plan B

Publisher told CMAJ editors to withhold article because “investigative reporting isn’t scientific research”

Clear interference with editorial autonomy

Prioritized relationship with a collegial professional body over best interests of patients

http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/ full/174/7/945

Political relationships vs. best interests of patients & health policy Medical publishing fastest growing sub-sector of media industry for past 15 years Elsevier earned $681m/yr Euros in 2006 with margins of 40% profit on core journals Revenue from pharmaceutical “clients” vs. best evidence gained by research High-profile drug trials earn millions in reprint sales Profit vs. interests of global health progress Publishing, politics & profits Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Political relationships vs. best interests of patients & health policy

Medical publishing fastest growing sub-sector of media industry for past 15 years

Elsevier earned $681m/yr Euros in 2006 with margins of 40% profit on core journals

Revenue from pharmaceutical “clients” vs. best evidence gained by research

High-profile drug trials earn millions in reprint sales

Profit vs. interests of global health progress

Scholarly publishing model? Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Much scientific knowledge privately-owned, controlled Author loses ownership as copyright signed over to publisher Billions of taxpayer research funding seen by small fraction of intended audiences Cost of annual subscription to Brain Research is ~$24,000 Older models limit access Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Much scientific knowledge privately-owned, controlled

Author loses ownership as copyright signed over to publisher

Billions of taxpayer research funding seen by small fraction of intended audiences

Cost of annual subscription to Brain Research is ~$24,000

In 21 st century, we are information-rich Easier to access ‘medical evidence’ & exchange information, communicate Less expensive to publish online Fast, or instantaneous Global reach Includes developing countries, global health issues Web 2.0 requires two-way ‘social’ interaction, feedback mechanisms The web changed everything Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

In 21 st century, we are information-rich

Easier to access ‘medical evidence’ & exchange information, communicate

Less expensive to publish online

Fast, or instantaneous

Global reach

Includes developing countries, global health issues

Web 2.0 requires two-way ‘social’ interaction, feedback mechanisms

Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Scholarly research freely-available Free, immediate access to anyone, anywhere Scholars write for impact, not money OA removes barriers to access & use Unrestricted distribution & remix Author retains ownership & rights to attribution Papers deposited in online public archive - from Bethesda OA Principles 2003 What is open access? Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Scholarly research freely-available

Free, immediate access to anyone, anywhere

Scholars write for impact, not money

OA removes barriers to access & use

Unrestricted distribution & remix

Author retains ownership & rights to attribution

Papers deposited in online public archive

- from Bethesda OA Principles 2003

In the 1990s: Jean-Claude Guédon , Stevan Harnad & others Late 1990s UBC’s John Willinsky, OA scholar BCLA, CLA and other library associations Heather Morrison OA librarian and blogger In 2005-2008, SSHRC & CIHR “Open access” wiki entry: http://hlwiki.slais.ubc.ca OA in Canada Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

In the 1990s:

Jean-Claude Guédon , Stevan Harnad & others

Late 1990s

UBC’s John Willinsky, OA scholar

BCLA, CLA and other library associations

Heather Morrison

OA librarian and blogger

In 2005-2008, SSHRC & CIHR “Open access” wiki entry:

http://hlwiki.slais.ubc.ca

Taxpayers, policy makers, government Clinicians, reseachers, Teachers & students, libraries, librarians Learning organizations, universities Developing nations “ We recently become a supporter of Open Medicine… Providing open access to peer-reviewed research has become a critical issue for the academic community. It affects the way in which research is funded, created, shared and archived. We articulated an open access statement on our website to express our strong support for this shift in scholarly communication.” Tony Horava, Collection Librarian, University of Ottawa Who benefits from OA? Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Taxpayers, policy makers, government

Clinicians, reseachers,

Teachers & students, libraries, librarians

Learning organizations, universities

Developing nations

“ We recently become a supporter of Open Medicine…

Providing open access to peer-reviewed research has become a critical issue for the academic community. It affects the way in which research is funded, created, shared and archived. We articulated an open access statement on our website to express our strong support for this shift in scholarly communication.”

Tony Horava, Collection Librarian, University of Ottawa

Peer-reviewed, independent, open-access general medical journal Examines issues relevant to health and clinical medicine in Canada and internationally A newer model of scholarly publishing Unique venture, interdisciplinary group with qualified medical librarian What is Open Medicine? Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Peer-reviewed, independent, open-access general medical journal

Examines issues relevant to health and clinical medicine in Canada and internationally

A newer model of scholarly publishing

Unique venture, interdisciplinary group with qualified medical librarian

Openly-accessible, worldwide Authors retain copyrights Achieve publishing excellence Maintain editorial autonomy Fiscal & political independence Local community and international engagement To know our community Be technologically-innovative Our core values @OM Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Openly-accessible, worldwide

Authors retain copyrights

Achieve publishing excellence

Maintain editorial autonomy

Fiscal & political independence

Local community and international engagement

To know our community

Be technologically-innovative

Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

April 2007 Open Medicine launched Media interviews September 2007 CIHR released its draft policy on open access AAP PR campaign & PRISM coalition - smear campaign on OA November 2007 Inaugural OM board meeting in Toronto Richard Smith, Former EIC BMJ - Guest speaker Successful benefit at Massey College January 2008 NIH announces all funded studies require OA Conservatives fire National Science Advisor, Dr Arthur Carty; closes Office of National Science Advisor February 2008 Harvard OA CIHR strengthens OA requirement, bringing it closer to NIH OM highlights – Year I Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

April 2007

Open Medicine launched

Media interviews

September 2007

CIHR released its draft policy on open access

AAP PR campaign & PRISM coalition - smear campaign on OA

November 2007

Inaugural OM board meeting in Toronto

Richard Smith, Former EIC BMJ - Guest speaker

Successful benefit at Massey College

January 2008

NIH announces all funded studies require OA

Conservatives fire National Science Advisor, Dr Arthur Carty; closes Office of National Science Advisor

February 2008

Harvard OA

CIHR strengthens OA requirement, bringing it closer to NIH

Web design, branding, peer-submission Branding exercises Business model Submission, peer review and publishing cycle Fundraising efforts Blog launch Dean Giustini, librarian blogger Content management system, Drupal Outreach to library community CARL Bibliographic issues MARC21 Record, ISSN and PubMedCentral application Google scholar indexing OM accomplishments – Year I Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Web design, branding, peer-submission

Branding exercises

Business model

Submission, peer review and publishing cycle

Fundraising efforts

Blog launch

Dean Giustini, librarian blogger

Content management system, Drupal

Outreach to library community

CARL

Bibliographic issues

MARC21 Record, ISSN and PubMedCentral application

Google scholar indexing

Open source software is used, exclusively Willinsky’s Open Journal Systems (OJS) Public Knowledge Project – SFU Library & UBC Development of ideas and code Use Drupal for OM blog XML conversion for later NLM indexing Peer review, copy editing, layout Weekly teleconference meetings Internal editors’ wiki OM journal production Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

Open source software is used, exclusively

Willinsky’s Open Journal Systems (OJS)

Public Knowledge Project – SFU Library & UBC

Development of ideas and code

Use Drupal for OM blog

XML conversion for later NLM indexing

Peer review, copy editing, layout

Weekly teleconference meetings

Internal editors’ wiki

197 submissions in Year I 101 submissions peer-reviewed - 51% Days to peer review ~30 d Published 42 articles Acceptance rate ~20% Registered website users: 2893 OM submissions – 2007-08 Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

197 submissions in Year I

101 submissions peer-reviewed - 51%

Days to peer review ~30 d

Published 42 articles

Acceptance rate ~20%

Registered website users: 2893

Open Medicine – the future http://www. openmedicine .ca/ Develop stronger ties to global research community, medical practitioners and libraries Inclusion in PubMedCentral & MEDLINE indexing Establish impact factor Develop business & economic models/ deal with sustainability issues Improve production efficiency Fundraising & development process Website redesign Utilize more web 2.0 tools and multimedia; encourage social aspects, interactivity Palepu - Giustini – BCLA Conference April 2008

http://www. openmedicine .ca/

Develop stronger ties to global research community, medical practitioners and libraries

Inclusion in PubMedCentral & MEDLINE indexing

Establish impact factor

Develop business & economic models/ deal with sustainability issues

Improve production efficiency

Fundraising & development process

Website redesign

Utilize more web 2.0 tools and multimedia; encourage social aspects, interactivity