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Elementi per la valutazione di rischiosità degli investimenti
                              immobiliari e strategie di diversificazione
                                                             Giacomo Morri
                         NOMISMA Secondo Rapporto 2011 – Roma, martedì 19 luglio
Copyright SDA Bocconi,                Giacomo Morri
Definizione di Rischio


     “possibilità di subire un danno, una perdita, come eventualità
     generica o per il fatto di esporsi a un pericolo; per estensione, il
     pericolo stesso al quale ci si espone o in cui ci si può imbattere”




   Pericolo                                                      Opportunità



                                                                     A. Damodaran




Copyright SDA Bocconi,          Giacomo Morri                                  2
“The Role of Commercial Real Estate in a Multi-Asset Portfolio”

 “The traditional arguments for including real estate in a multi-asset portfolio
 include:
 1. Real estate has a low correlation with stocks and bonds.
 2. Real estate has historically had a high risk-adjusted rate of return relative to
 stocks and bonds.
 3. Real estate has a positive correlation with both anticipated and
 unanticipated inflation and therefore provides an inflation hedge.”
 […]
 “By including the more recent performance of real estate in a portfolio
 optimization model, recent studies show that about 10% to 20% of the portfolio
 should be allocated to real estate.”



                                                           Jeffrey D. Fisher and C. F. Sirmans

Copyright SDA Bocconi,           Giacomo Morri                                               3
Multi-asset portfolio & Real Estate
Stocks & bonds 1972-2004




Stocks—Standard & Poor’s 500; Bonds 20-year U.S. Government Bond; Treasury Bills 30-day U.S. Treasury Bill; REITs
NAREIT Equity REIT Index.

                                                                         Fonte: Ibbotson Associates, Inc. (2005)

Copyright SDA Bocconi,                     Giacomo Morri                                                      4
Diversificazione del rischio

                  Rischio

                     σ
                              Rischio
                              Specifico

                              Rischio
                              Sistematico

                                              Numero Asset


          Rischio di 1 Asset  Varianza del rendimento
          Rischio di N Asset Covarianza media del rendimento


Copyright SDA Bocconi,        Giacomo Morri
Diversificazione del rischio immobiliare

 Rischio Specifico                                 Rischio Sistematico
 •     Localizzazione                              •   Macroeconomici
                                                   •   Settore immobiliare
 •     Accessibilità
                                                   •   Geografico
 •     Fungibilità dell’edificio
                                                   •   Tipologico
 •     Qualità dell’edificio

 •     Conduttore                                  •   etc. etc. etc. etc.
 •     Vincoli legali & contrattuali

 •     Efficienza energetica



 •     etc. etc. etc. etc.
                                           + Rischio finanziario

Copyright SDA Bocconi,                 Giacomo Morri                         6
Rischio Specifico: strumenti di analisi

 •     Analisi immobiliare
         – Individuazione dei fattori critici (...alcuni esempi…)
                   Canoni
                   Vacancy
                   Exit Cap rate atteso
                   Condizioni del credito

         – Determinazione del livello quantitativo (analisi immobiliare)
         – Costruzione di modelli di analisi del rischio




Copyright SDA Bocconi,                       Giacomo Morri                 7
Rischio Specifico: strumenti di analisi

 • Modelli di analisi del rischio
         – Scenario & sensitivity analysis
         – Simulazione Monte Carlo
         – Modelli Value @ Risk




Copyright SDA Bocconi,          Giacomo Morri   8
Rischio Sistematico

 •     Elementi generali
         – Tassi di interesse
         – Aspettative economia
         – Risk premium Paese (normativa, PIL, tax volatility, etc.)
         – Tassi di cambio
         – etc. etc. etc.
 •     Elementi specifici del settore immobiliare
         – Processo di investimento e gestione attiva
         – Liquidità
         – LTV/spread su finanziamenti all’investimento immobiliare
         – Risk premium RE  Risk Appetite
         – etc. etc. etc.


                         Rendimento atteso = Risk free rate + Risk Premium
Copyright SDA Bocconi,                 Giacomo Morri                         9
Copyright SDA Bocconi,   Giacomo Morri   10
Spread BTP Italia – Bund Germania (10 anni)
                 400


                 350


                 300


                 250
   Basis Point




                 200


                 150


                 100


                 50


                  0
                  gen-04   gen-05   gen-06   gen-07      gen-08   gen-09    gen-10      gen-11

                                                                   Fonte: SDA Bocconi su dati Bloomberg
Copyright SDA Bocconi,                       Giacomo Morri                                            11
Risk Appetite immobiliare




                                         Fonte: Property & Portfolio Research

Copyright SDA Bocconi,   Giacomo Morri                                     12
Risk Appetite: Rendimenti Uffici Milano




                                    Fonte: BNP Paribas Real Estate Research - Aprile 2011
Copyright SDA Bocconi,   Giacomo Morri                                                  13
Strategie di diversificazione

 • Tradizionali
         – Tipologica
         – Geografica

 • Altre
         – Dimensione
         – Multi-tenant vs mono-tenant
         – Tenant & tenant sector
         – Green vs Tradizionale
         – Lease structure & Durata
         – Growth vs Income
         – etc. etc. etc. etc.
Copyright SDA Bocconi,           Giacomo Morri   14
Strumenti di investimento immobiliare
          Direct
         Property           Securitised
                              Vehicle                    Unitised
                                                         Vehicle          Derivative
         Long & Short
                                                                         Instrument
          Term Lease          Single asset
                               company
                                                           Internally
                                                         managed fund
         Mono & Multi                                                    Property index
           Tenant            Private Property                              certificate
                                Company
                                                          Externally
                                                         managed fund
           Space &                                                       Property returns
        Business Lease      Listed Property                                   swap
                               Company
                                                          Listed fund

            Upward &                                                     Property index
        Inflation reviews                                                   futures
                                 REITs
                                                         Fund of funds

                                                                           Guaranteed
                                                                          property note


Copyright SDA Bocconi,                   Giacomo Morri                                      15
Property Derivatives: volumi




                                         Source: IPD / IPF Trade Volume Report

Copyright SDA Bocconi,   Giacomo Morri                                       16
Caratteristiche dei Beni e dei Mercati Immobiliari

 1. Immobilità & Localizzazione
 2. Elevato valore unitario
 3. Illiquidità
 4. Eterogeneità
 5. Investimenti a lungo termine
 6. Assenza mercato centralizzato e ridotta trasparenza
 7. Elevati costi di transazione
 8. Frequenti squilibri di mercato (ciclicità)
 9. Presenza dello Stato (es. regolamentazione, fiscalità, proprietà ecc.)
 10.Numero limitato di transazioni (bassa liquidità, scarsità dati ecc.)


                                                Fonte: Investimento Immobiliare, www.hoesli-morri.it

Copyright SDA Bocconi,              Giacomo Morri                                                  17
Vantaggi dell’investimento indiretto

 •     Gestione
         • professionale  CRITICITÀ                 Scelta del Gestore
         • specializzata                             • Compliance
 •     Diversificazione del rischio                  • Track record
         • intero patrimonio                         • Struttura interna
         • portafoglio immobiliare                   • Allineamento interessi
 •     Accesso a mercati                             • Remunerazione
         • specializzati
         • internazionali




Copyright SDA Bocconi,               Giacomo Morri                              18
Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP:
 Top 15 largest investments 2010
  •    Pension fund for employers and employees (2.8 million)
  •    Dutch government and the educational sector
  •    Invested capital of € 239 billion (31 March 2011)




                                                 Fonte: Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP, 31 Marzo 2011

Copyright SDA Bocconi,           Giacomo Morri                                                   19
Giacomo Morri, PhD
 SDA Professor & Director Master in Real Estate
 Accounting, Control, Corporate Finance & Real Estate Department
 SDA Bocconi School of Management
 Milano – Italy
 giacomo.morri@sdabocconi.it

 www.propertyfinance.it
 www.sdabocconi.it/mre
Copyright SDA Bocconi,                 Giacomo Morri               20

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Elementi per la valutazione di rischiosità degli investimenti immobiliari e strategie di diversificazione

  • 1. Elementi per la valutazione di rischiosità degli investimenti immobiliari e strategie di diversificazione Giacomo Morri NOMISMA Secondo Rapporto 2011 – Roma, martedì 19 luglio Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri
  • 2. Definizione di Rischio “possibilità di subire un danno, una perdita, come eventualità generica o per il fatto di esporsi a un pericolo; per estensione, il pericolo stesso al quale ci si espone o in cui ci si può imbattere” Pericolo Opportunità A. Damodaran Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 2
  • 3. “The Role of Commercial Real Estate in a Multi-Asset Portfolio” “The traditional arguments for including real estate in a multi-asset portfolio include: 1. Real estate has a low correlation with stocks and bonds. 2. Real estate has historically had a high risk-adjusted rate of return relative to stocks and bonds. 3. Real estate has a positive correlation with both anticipated and unanticipated inflation and therefore provides an inflation hedge.” […] “By including the more recent performance of real estate in a portfolio optimization model, recent studies show that about 10% to 20% of the portfolio should be allocated to real estate.” Jeffrey D. Fisher and C. F. Sirmans Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 3
  • 4. Multi-asset portfolio & Real Estate Stocks & bonds 1972-2004 Stocks—Standard & Poor’s 500; Bonds 20-year U.S. Government Bond; Treasury Bills 30-day U.S. Treasury Bill; REITs NAREIT Equity REIT Index. Fonte: Ibbotson Associates, Inc. (2005) Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 4
  • 5. Diversificazione del rischio Rischio σ Rischio Specifico Rischio Sistematico Numero Asset Rischio di 1 Asset  Varianza del rendimento Rischio di N Asset Covarianza media del rendimento Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri
  • 6. Diversificazione del rischio immobiliare Rischio Specifico Rischio Sistematico • Localizzazione • Macroeconomici • Settore immobiliare • Accessibilità • Geografico • Fungibilità dell’edificio • Tipologico • Qualità dell’edificio • Conduttore • etc. etc. etc. etc. • Vincoli legali & contrattuali • Efficienza energetica • etc. etc. etc. etc. + Rischio finanziario Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 6
  • 7. Rischio Specifico: strumenti di analisi • Analisi immobiliare – Individuazione dei fattori critici (...alcuni esempi…)  Canoni  Vacancy  Exit Cap rate atteso  Condizioni del credito – Determinazione del livello quantitativo (analisi immobiliare) – Costruzione di modelli di analisi del rischio Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 7
  • 8. Rischio Specifico: strumenti di analisi • Modelli di analisi del rischio – Scenario & sensitivity analysis – Simulazione Monte Carlo – Modelli Value @ Risk Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 8
  • 9. Rischio Sistematico • Elementi generali – Tassi di interesse – Aspettative economia – Risk premium Paese (normativa, PIL, tax volatility, etc.) – Tassi di cambio – etc. etc. etc. • Elementi specifici del settore immobiliare – Processo di investimento e gestione attiva – Liquidità – LTV/spread su finanziamenti all’investimento immobiliare – Risk premium RE  Risk Appetite – etc. etc. etc. Rendimento atteso = Risk free rate + Risk Premium Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 9
  • 10. Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 10
  • 11. Spread BTP Italia – Bund Germania (10 anni) 400 350 300 250 Basis Point 200 150 100 50 0 gen-04 gen-05 gen-06 gen-07 gen-08 gen-09 gen-10 gen-11 Fonte: SDA Bocconi su dati Bloomberg Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 11
  • 12. Risk Appetite immobiliare Fonte: Property & Portfolio Research Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 12
  • 13. Risk Appetite: Rendimenti Uffici Milano Fonte: BNP Paribas Real Estate Research - Aprile 2011 Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 13
  • 14. Strategie di diversificazione • Tradizionali – Tipologica – Geografica • Altre – Dimensione – Multi-tenant vs mono-tenant – Tenant & tenant sector – Green vs Tradizionale – Lease structure & Durata – Growth vs Income – etc. etc. etc. etc. Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 14
  • 15. Strumenti di investimento immobiliare Direct Property Securitised Vehicle Unitised Vehicle Derivative Long & Short Instrument Term Lease Single asset company Internally managed fund Mono & Multi Property index Tenant Private Property certificate Company Externally managed fund Space & Property returns Business Lease Listed Property swap Company Listed fund Upward & Property index Inflation reviews futures REITs Fund of funds Guaranteed property note Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 15
  • 16. Property Derivatives: volumi Source: IPD / IPF Trade Volume Report Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 16
  • 17. Caratteristiche dei Beni e dei Mercati Immobiliari 1. Immobilità & Localizzazione 2. Elevato valore unitario 3. Illiquidità 4. Eterogeneità 5. Investimenti a lungo termine 6. Assenza mercato centralizzato e ridotta trasparenza 7. Elevati costi di transazione 8. Frequenti squilibri di mercato (ciclicità) 9. Presenza dello Stato (es. regolamentazione, fiscalità, proprietà ecc.) 10.Numero limitato di transazioni (bassa liquidità, scarsità dati ecc.) Fonte: Investimento Immobiliare, www.hoesli-morri.it Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 17
  • 18. Vantaggi dell’investimento indiretto • Gestione • professionale  CRITICITÀ Scelta del Gestore • specializzata • Compliance • Diversificazione del rischio • Track record • intero patrimonio • Struttura interna • portafoglio immobiliare • Allineamento interessi • Accesso a mercati • Remunerazione • specializzati • internazionali Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 18
  • 19. Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP: Top 15 largest investments 2010 • Pension fund for employers and employees (2.8 million) • Dutch government and the educational sector • Invested capital of € 239 billion (31 March 2011) Fonte: Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP, 31 Marzo 2011 Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 19
  • 20. Giacomo Morri, PhD SDA Professor & Director Master in Real Estate Accounting, Control, Corporate Finance & Real Estate Department SDA Bocconi School of Management Milano – Italy giacomo.morri@sdabocconi.it www.propertyfinance.it www.sdabocconi.it/mre Copyright SDA Bocconi, Giacomo Morri 20