Grammar Lesson 10 Verbals

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Grammar Lesson 10 Verbals - Presentation Transcript

  1. Verbals Grammar Lesson 10 English 10
  2. Is it a VERB or a VERBAL??
    • Telling the difference between a verb and a verbal is not done by looking only at the word itself.
    • You have to see how the word is being used.
    • In both cases, the word looks like a verb, but if it’s used as something other than a verb…it’s a VERBAL
  3. Is it a VERB or a VERBAL??
    • Examples:
      • Waxed
      • Flowing
      • Playing
      • Sleeping
    • These can be verbs or verbals depending upon how they are used in the sentence.
  4. Is it a VERB or a VERBAL??
    • Examples:
      • Our butler waxed the floors.
      • The waxed floors were slippery and dangerous.
    • In the first sentence, the word is being used as a verb to tell what action is being done.
    • In the other one, the word still looks like a verb, but it is being used as an adjective
  5. Is it a VERB or a VERBAL??
    • Examples:
      • Water was flowing over the rocks in the stream.
      • Flowing water carries a great deal of potential energy.
    • The same thing is true here as in the other example.
    • The second sentences shows the verb working as an adjective instead of a verb.
  6. Basic Information on Verbals
    • Verbals are verb forms (words that look like verbs or could be verbs in other sentences) that are used as one of the following:
      • Noun
      • Adjective
      • Adverb
    • A verbal can never be the verb of the sentence.
  7. Basic Information on Verbals
    • There are three different kinds of verbals:
      • Infinitive
      • Participle
      • Gerund
    • Each verbal has a specific purpose and use in a sentence.
  8. Infinitives
    • An infinitive is a verb form that is proceeded by the word “to.”
      • To play
      • To sleep
      • To be seen
      • To steal
      • To have been stolen
      • To speak
  9. Infinitives
    • In some sentences (following certain verbs), the “sign of the infinitive” (the word “to) is omitted.
    • This is done for clarity.
      • Help him (to) move the sofa.
      • Watch the fish (to) snap at the hook.
      • Can you feel the floor (to) move?
  10. Infinitives
    • The verbs which call for an omitted “to” are:
      • See
      • Hear
      • Feel
      • Help
      • Let
      • Make
      • Watch
  11. Infinitives
    • An infinitive has three possible functions:
      • As a noun
      • As an adjective
      • As an adverb
    • Knowing where an infinitive should go helps make the structure of the sentence more clear.
  12. Infinitives
    • As a noun:
      • I hate to go . (direct object)
      • To steal is a crime. (subject)
    • As an adjective:
      • It’s time to go . (modify time)
      • There are jobs to be done (modify jobs)
    • As an adverb:
      • He always plays to win . (modify plays)
  13. Infinitives
    • Infinitives can also have modifiers or complements.
    • This can be done because there is a verb form in the infinitive that (if being used as a verb in another sentence) could take a complement such as an indirect or direct object or a predicate complement.
  14. Infinitives
    • Be careful not to create “split” infinitives.
    • This is done when an adverb is placed between the “to” and the verb form.
      • To boldly go….
      • To strenuously object…
      • To always comply…
    • It is bad structure for this to be formed.
  15. Participles
    • Verb forms that are used as adjectives are called participles.
    • They will have two forms:
      • Present (ending in “-ing”)
      • Past (ending in “-ed” or “-en”)
    • These contain action, but they are not used as verbs in the sentence.
  16. Participles
    • Examples:
      • Smoking gun
      • Snoring spouse
      • Broken window
      • Elected official
      • Streaming video
      • Buzzing noise
      • Winning touchdown
      • Walking track
  17. Participles
    • Participles can appear in several places in the sentence, but they are most commonly found describing / modifying the subject.
    • Participle phrases can also be made from single participles
      • Running along the path
  18. Participles
    • Most participle phrases will have commas setting them off. This is especially true when they open a sentence and modify the subject.
      • Running at full speed, the back raced twenty yards for a score.
      • Crying loudly, the baby wanted some attention.
  19. Gerunds
    • A gerund looks a lot like a participle because it ends in “-ing.”
    • However, the gerund is going to be used as a noun.
    • Gerunds will show up as subjects, direct or indirect objects or objects of prepositions.
  20. Gerunds
    • Examples:
      • Chewing gum in class is not allowed. (subject)
      • I liked eating at the new restaurant . (direct object)
      • Without running very hard I won the race.
      • Abusing the warm fuzzy kitten is not allowed in this class. (subject)
  21. Practice:
    • You will be shown ten sentences with a word or phrase underlined.
    • Identify the word or phrases as:
      • Infinitive
      • Participle
      • Gerund
  22. Practice:
    • Sleeping soundly in his bed , Ron was not going to be disturbed by anyone in his house.
    • I wanted to try out for the lacrosse team this spring.
    • The rushing waters of the Colorado River were great for rafting.
  23. Practice:
    • 4. The warm fuzzy kitten, meowing loudly in the hallway , was a nuisance.
    • 5. We tried shooting with the NBA’s new basketball and found it to be challenging.
    • 6. To run a mile in less than four minutes is nearly impossible.
  24. Practice:
    • 7. Charging wildly down the street , the bulls tried to crush the citizens of Pamplona .
    • 8. Cheating on a final exam in English is not an advisable solution to not studying.
    • 9. To sleep , perchance to dream.
  25. Practice:
    • 10. On the sixth day of Xmas, my true love gave to me six geese a-laying , five gold rings, four calling birds, three French hens, two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree.
  26. SURPRISE, SURPRISE, SURPRISE!!
    • Now that you can identify these verbals, you have the great privilege of going on to the next great step in verbals……..
  27. DIAGRAMMING!!

+ gerryhillgerryhill, 2 years ago

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A review lesson on participles, infinitives, and ge more

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