Presentation Prepared For Conference: Oils & Fuels for Sustainable Development AUZO 2008 Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland 8th – 11th September 2008 Paper Authored by: Peter Wells, Gavin Harper Paper Presented by: Gavin Harper

1. Peter Wells & Gavin Harper The ESRC B.R.A.S.S. Centre, Cardiff University Presentation Prepared For Conference: Oils & Fuels for Sustainable Development AUZO 2008 Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland 8 th – 11 th September 2008

6. Local Context Firm Strategy & Rivalry Related & Supporting Industries Factor Input Conditions Demand Conditions

10. Spatial Concentration of Firms (Supply Side) AND Spatial Concentration of Consumers. The cluster is ‘constructed’ by both the suppliers and consumers.

11. As a result of widespread interest in the cult of celebrity, it is an under-analysed phenomenon Braudy (1986) is considered a definitive work in the area along with the earlier contributions of Debord (1967). Most celebrities in the modern era arise out of the entertainment industry in a broad sense: movie stars, sports personalities, and musicians are all examples (Henderson, 2005). California can be considered the loci of both progressive legislation on automotive standards and ‘the global celebrity industry’.

17. EMA advises celebrities and entertainment professionals on thought-provoking, attention-getting ways to role model healthy, sustainable lifestyles to the general public. Whether driving a hybrid or alternative fuel vehicle or carrying a canvas bag, EMA encourages celebrities to use their power to inspire environmentally responsible behavior and affect positive change. Green Light Newsletter

18. Wonder why hybrids have taken over Hollywood? A little-known group named EMA helped make them a must for the planet-first crowd, says Fortune's Sue Callaway. “ Based in Los Angeles, EMA is single-handedly responsible for getting droves of celebrities into Toyota hybrids. EMA also played a key role in placing the top execs at the major Hollywood agencies - William Morris, CAA, Endeavor, and ICM - behind the wheels of hybrids.” Zesiger, (2007) Fortune Magazine

19. “ There's a reason you may be considering buying a gas-electric hybrid vehicle - besides wanting to help the environment or visit the gas station less frequently. Your hybrid awareness is a direct result of what is arguably the most audacious and impressive marketing/product-placement coup in memory.” “ EMA's board is an entertainment industry who's who: Pierce Brosnan, Blythe Danner, Ted Turner, and DJ AM, among 52 others.” Zesiger, (2007) Fortune Magazine