1. Role of nanoparticles in drug
delivery
By
K.Gautham Reddy
2011A8PS364G

2. Drug delivery
Method of administering pharmaceutical compound to achieve
a therapeutic effect .
-Targeted Drug Delivery:
Delivering drug to specific site

3. Controlled Drug Delivery:
Delivering drug at predetermined rate

4. Basic challenges
• Biological degradation
• Effective Targeting

5. Nanoparticles
• The use of nanoparticles allows one to change the
pharmacokinetic properties of the drug without changing the
active compound.

6. Advantages
• Enhanced interaction
• More efficient uptake by cells
• Less dosage and thereby fewer side effects
• Suitable encapsulation
• Release drugs in controlled manner

7. Nanoparticles for Drug
Delivery
• Metal-based nanoparticles-Au, Ag, Cd-Se, Zn-S etc
• Lipid-based nanoparticles-Liposome & Neosome
• Polymer-based nanoparticles-Dendrimer, Micelle
• Biological nanoparticles-Bovine-albumin serum

8. Metal-based Nano particles
• AuNPs acting as heat producer featured high conversion efficiency of
NIR light to heat.
• Used mainly in cancer therapy
• Disadvantage: Toxicity

9. Lipid based Nanoparticles
• A liposome is an artificially-prepared spherical vesicle
composed of a lipid bilayer
• Advantage: Biodegradable

10. Polymer nanoparticles
• Carries drug through forming drug-polymer complex
• Dentrimers : Carries drugs through covalent conjugation
• Advantage:
Carriers of DNA in gene therapy, proteins, peptides and
genes .

11. Optimal design of nanoparticles
• Rapid clearance during systemic delivery
• Opsonization - nonspecific protein adsorption
• Rapid clearance by Mononuclear Phagocyte system (MPS) in
the liver and by spleen filtration

12. Factors
• Size
Nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm can be rapidly cleared by the
kidneys or through extravasation, while larger nanoparticles may
have higher tendency to be cleared by cells of the MPS
• Surface charge
Neutrally charged particles have demonstrated much lower
opsonization rates than charged particles

13. • PEGylation
A PEG shell on the nanoparticle surface shields charged
particles from attachment by blood proteins leading to
prolonged circulation half-life.
• Targeting Ligands
Size and charge of the ligand molecule, and their ease of
modification and conjugation to the nanoparticles.

14. Conclusion
• Designing nanoparticles to be taken orally.
• Introduction and improvement of controlled release
properties and targeting ligands is expected to enable the
development of safer and more effective therapeutic
nanoparticles.
• The development of particles that are nano scaled has
created great opportunities in the of improved drug delivery
systems.