Social web & linked data

Semantic Web in Action: Web 3.0, Social Web Linked Data, Be Aware!S. Garlatti10/09/09

Outline ¢  Semantic Web ¢  Linked Data ¢  SPARQLpage 2 Semantic Web in Action

Technological Issues an Informal learning case •  I plan to ride in Europe for vacation, on a motorcycle. –  I need to learn more about travelling on motorcycle across Europe •  Rider’s apparel: boots, jackets, pants, gloves, armor, etc. •  Motorcycle accessories: luggages, side cases, topcases, tank bags, GPS, etc. •  Riding issues, skills, etc. –  According to my social networks, I know there is a teacher at Telecom Bretagne who used to ride across Europepage 3 Semantic Web in Action

Who is teaching at Telecom Bretagne and riding a motorcycle across Europe?page 4 Semantic Web in Action

Technological Issues •  Google Information retrieval –  Query : « teacher » « riding » « Europe » « Motorbike » •  613 000 results •  How to find out relevant resources? •  Polysemy •  Huge number of results!page 5 Semantic Web in Action

Search in Telecom Bretagne Web Sitepage 6 Semantic Web in Action

Search in Motorcycle Web Sitespage 7 Semantic Web in Action

Search in Picture Web Sites with Geolocalizationpage 8 Semantic Web in Action

Technological Issues •  Relevance of resources? –  Human interpretation •  Reuse, exchange and sharing of resources –  Computer would have the ability to get content meaning! –  impossible?page 9 Semantic Web in Action

Semantic Web¢  The Semantic Web is a web of data. •  There is lots of data we all use every day, and it is not part of the web. •  I can see my bank statements on the web, and my photographs, and I can see my appointments in a calendar. •  But can I see my photos in a calendar to see what I was doing when I took them? •  Can I see bank statement lines in a calendar?¢  Why not? •  Because we dont have a web of data. •  Because data is controlled by applications, and each application keeps it to itself. Semantic Web in Action

Semantic Web ¢  The Semantic Web is about two things. -  It is about common formats for integration and combination of data drawn from diverse sources -  On the contrary, the original Web is mainly concentrated on the interchange of documents. -  It is also about language for recording how the data relates to real world objects (meaning).page 11 Semantic Web in Action

Semantic Web ¢  The Semantic Web •  That allows a person, or a machine, to start off in one database, and then move through an unending set of databases which are connected not by wires but by being about the same thing. •  Provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundariespage 12 Semantic Web in Action

The Semantic Web ¢  The Semantic Web is about two things. -  It is about common formats for integration and combination of data drawn from diverse sources -  On the contrary, the original Web is mainly concentrated on the interchange of documents. -  It is also about language for recording how the data relates to real world objects (meaning).page 13 Semantic Web in Action

The Semantic Web ¢  That allows a person, or a machine, to start off in one database, and then move through an unending set of databases which are connected not by wires but by being about the same thing. ¢  Provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries ¢  The Semantic Web will enable machines to COMPREHEND semantic documents and data, not human speech and writings.page 14 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  Classic Web •  Data exposed to the web via HTML •  Web Pages Found via search engines ¢  What do we actually want? •  Use the web like a Single Global Database •  Ask Complex Queries over multiples pages / web sites / data sourcespage 15 Semantic Web in Action

The Semantic Web •  Resource Description –  Similar to simple sentence •  Subject Verb Complement –  Examples •  Telecom Bretagne has a president called XXX •  Telecom Bretagne is a French grande ecole •  Telecom Bretagne has a web site http://www.tele...page 16 Semantic Web in Action

The Semantic Web •  Sentence meaning –  Different contexts à Different terms •  « director », « president », « Dean », … –  Meaning linked to communities of practices •  Use of common vocabularies! •  Named: Ontologies •  An ontology determine a unique meaning to verbs and categories of subject and complementpage 17 Semantic Web in Action

The Semantic Web •  A little bit more formal –  Telecom Bretagne dbpprop:president XXX (en) –  Telecom Bretagne dbpprop:type French Grande Ecole (en) –  Telecom Bretagne dbpprop:website http://www.tele... •  Queries –  French Grande Ecole in which XXX is president? •  ?Grande_Ecole dbpprop:president XXX (en) •  ?Grande_Ecole dbpprop:type French Grande Ecole (en)page 18 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data Who is teaching at Telecom Bretagne and riding a motorcycle across Europe?page 19 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  Trouver Tous les films -  Du genre « Thriller » -  ET classés au moins quatre par -  ET appréciés au moins par quatre de mes amis –  OU ceux qui me suivent sur -  ET dont Leonardo Di Caprio n’est pas un des acteurs ?page 20

Linked Data Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0Many Web sites Few large Web sites Many Web sites ontaining unstructured, are specialized on containing & seman<cally extual content speciﬁc content types syndica<ng arbitrarily structured content Video Pictures Encyclopedic + ar3cles + Source : Dr. Sören Auer AKSW, Institut für Informatik page 22 Computer Science Department Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  Linked Data •  Is a term used to describe a method of exposing, sharing, and connecting data on the Web via dereferenceable URIs. ¢  Principles (Tim Berners-Lee) •  The Semantic Web isnt just about putting data on the web. It is about making links, so that a person or machine can explore the web of data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you can find other, related, data. •  Like the web of hypertext, the web of data is constructed with documents on the web. However, unlike the web of hypertext, where links are relationships anchors in hypertext documents written in HTML, for data they links between arbitrary things described by RDF. The URIs identify any kind of object or concept. Source : Wikipedia, Tim Berners Leepage 23 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  Tim Berners-Lee outlined four principles of Linked Data in his Design Issues: Linked Data note, paraphrased along the following lines: •  Use URIs to identify things that you expose to the Web as resources. •  Use HTTP URIs so that people can locate and look up (dereference) these things. •  Provide useful information about the resource when its URI is dereferenced. •  Include links to other, related URIs in the exposed data as a means of improving information discovery on the Web.page 24 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  Linking Open Data Community Project •  The goal of the W3C Semantic Web Education and Outreach groups Linking Open Data community project is to extend the Web with a data commons by publishing various open datasets as RDF on the Web and by setting RDF links between data items from different data sources. As of October 2007, datasets consist of over two billion RDF triples, which are interlinked by over two million RDF links. (Wikipedia)page 25 Semantic Web in Action

Le Google Intelligent : Comment ?page 26

Linked Data ¢  Resources •  http://esw.w3.org/topic/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/ •  http://esw.w3.org/topic/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/DataSets •  http://esw.w3.org/topic/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/ CommonVocabularies •  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_Data •  http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html •  http://events.linkeddata.org/iswc2008tutorial/ •  http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/LinkedDataTutorial/page 27

Linked Data ¢  DBpedia •  Is a community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and to make this information available on the Web. DBpedia allows you to ask sophisticated queries against Wikipedia, and to link other data sets on the Web to Wikipedia data. ¢  Resources •  http://wiki.dbpedia.org/About •  http://blog.dbpedia.org/ •  http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dbpedia/dev/ontology.htmpage 28 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  Examples •  THING à http://dbpedia.org/page/Brest%2C_France •  HTML à http://dbpedia.org/resource/Brest%2C_France •  RDF à http://dbpedia.org/data/Brest%2C_France •  http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup %C3%A9rieure_des_t%C3%A9l %C3%A9communications_de_Bretagne •  http://dbpedia.org/page/Amy_Winehouse •  http://dbpedia.org/page/Berlinpage 29 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  Dbpedia Sparql Endpoint •  Langage de requêtes SPARQL •  http://dbpedia.org/snorql/ * •  http://dbpedia.org/sparql •  Twinkle : a sparql query tool -  http://www.ldodds.com/projects/twinkle/page 30 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  FREEBASE Website http://www.freebase.com/ http://www.freebase.com/docs/data •  View data about New York -  http://www.freebase.com/view/en/new_york •  RDF metadata about New York -  http://rdf.freebase.com/rdf/en.new_york •  Edit New York Topic -  http://www.freebase.com/edit/topic/en/new_york •  Explore New York Metadata -  http://www.freebase.com/tools/explore/en/new_york Semantic Web in Actionpage 31

Linked Data¢  Semantic CrunchBase •  The free directory of technology companies, people, and investors. •  http://cb.semsol.org/ •  http://cb.semsol.org/sparql •  http://cb.semsol.org/company/techcrunch •  http://cb.semsol.org/product/facebook-platform •  http://cb.semsol.org/explore Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data¢  Les Smob : les Twitter version Web sémantique •  http://www.lespetitescases.net/smob-twitter-version-websemantique/ •  http://smob.websemantique.org/sparql.php •  http://microplanet.sioc-project.org/sparql.php Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  IMDB, Linked Movie Database http://www.linkedmdb.org/ •  LinkedMDB publishes linked open data using the D2R Server. The project aims at publishing the first open semantic web database for movies, including a large number of interlinks to several datasets on the open data cloud and references to related webpages ¢  Data can be accessed using •  Web browsers: http://www.linkedmdb.org/ •  Semantic Web browsers - entry point: http://data.linkedmdb.org/all •  SPARQL clients - SPARQL endpoint: http://data.linkedmdb.org/sparqlpage 34 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  Musicbrainz •  This is a database published with D2R Server. It can be accessed using -  Your web browser http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/ -  Semantic Web browsers at URL http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/all -  SPARQL clients at URL http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/sparql or In a web browser http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/snorql/page 35 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  GovTrack.us •  A civic project to track congress •  The 2000 U.S. Census: 1 Billion RDF Triples •  http://www.rdfabout.com/demo/census/ •  http://www.govtrack.us/developers/rdf.xpd •  The SPARQL endpoint is a combined endpoint for various RDF data I play with. It answers queries about 1 billion triples, mostly about U.S. Census data (see rdfabout.com), but also the GovTrack data.page 36 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  GovTrack.us •  The SPARQL engines base URL is http://www.rdfabout.com/sparql , following (or trying to follow) the SPARQL Protocol spec. •  The SPARQL engine is Ryan Leverings engine for SESAME, plus my SemWeb library for C#. •  The data store is persisted in MySQL. Responses are limited to 1000 rows in the hopes that having this public wont break anything.page 37 Semantic Web in Action

Linked Data ¢  Revyu.com •  Revyu.com is a web site where you can review and rate things. Unlike many other reviewing sites on the web, Revyu.com lets you review and rate absolutely anything you can name •  Web access: http://revyu.com/ •  SPARQL Endpoint http://revyu.com/sparql/page 38 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  SPARQL •  pronounced "sparkle" [1]) is an RDF query language; its name is a recursive acronym that stands for SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language. It is standardized by the RDF Data Access Working Group (DAWG) of the World Wide Web Consortium, and is considered a component of the semantic web. •  Initially released as a Candidate Recommendation in April 2006, but returned to Working Draft status in October 2006, due to two open issues. [2] In June 2007, SPARQL advanced to Candidate Recommendation once again. [3] On 12th November 2007 the status of SPARQL changed into Proposed Recommendation. [4] On 15th January 2008, SPARQL became an official W3C Recommendation. [5]page 39 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  SPARQL = •  A Query Language •  A Result Form •  An Access Protocolpage 40 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  The Query Language: query forms •  « Select » clause returns all or subset of the variables bound in a query pattern match •  « Construct » returns an RDF graph constructed by substituting variables in a set of triple templates •  « Ask » returns a boolean indicating whether a query pattern matches •  « Describe » returns an RDF graph that describe the resources foundpage 41 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  «Select » equivalent to « SQL Select » returns a regular table Select … From … Identify data sources to query Where { … } The triple/graph pattern to be matched against the triple/graphs of RDF A conjunction of triples ¢  PREFIX to declare the schema used in the querypage 42 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT ?name FROM <http://example.org/foaf/aliceFoaf> WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } Result: name « Alice »page 43 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX : <http://dbpedia.org/resource/> PREFIX dbpedia2: <http://dbpedia.org/property/> PREFIX dbpedia: <http://dbpedia.org/> SELECT distinct ?name ?birth ?person FROM http://dbpedia.org/ WHERE ¢  { ?person dbpedia2:birthPlace <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin>. ?person dbpedia2:birth ?birth . ?person foaf:name ?name . }page 44 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language¢  SPARQL results:¢  namebirthperson« ":Dru_Berrymore/birth/birth_date_and_age :Dru_Berrymore "Dru Berrymore"@de:Dru_Berrymore/birth/birth_date_and_age :Dru_Berrymore "Walter Benjamin"@de:Berlin :Walter_Benjamin "Walter Benjamin"@de:Germany :Walter_Benjamin Name Birth Person « Dru Berrymore »page 45 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  SELECT distinct ?name ?person FROM <http://dbpedia.org/> WHERE { ?person dbpedia2:birthPlace <http://dbpedia.org/ resource/Berlin> . ?person foaf:name ?name . } ¢  SELECT distinct ?name ?birth ?death ?person FROM <http://dbpedia.org/> WHERE { ?person dbpedia2:birthPlace <http://dbpedia.org/ resource/Berlin> . ?person dbpedia2:birth ?birth . ?person foaf:name ?name . ?person dbpedia2:death ?death. }page 46 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  A constraint, expressed by the keyword “FILTER”, is a restriction on solutions over the whole group in which the filter appears ¢  PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> PREFIX ns: <http://example.org/ns#> SELECT ?title ?price WHERE { ?x ns:price ?price . FILTER (?price < 30.5) ?x dc:title ?title . }page 47 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  “regex” matches only plain literals with no language tag ¢  { ?x foaf:name ?name . ?x foaf:mbox ?mbox . FILTER regex(?name, "Smith") } ¢  PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> SELECT ?title WHERE { ?x dc:title ?title FILTER regex(?title, "web", "i" ) }page 48 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  Optional parts of the graph pattern may be specified syntactically with the “OPTIONAL” keyword applied to a graph pattern ¢  SELECT distinct ?name ?birth ?death ?person FROM <http://dbpedia.org/> WHERE { ?person dbpedia2:birthPlace <http:// dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin> . ?person dbpedia2:birth ?birth . ?person foaf:name ?name . OPTIONAL {?person dbpedia2:death ?death} }page 49 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  Matching alternative •  Pattern alternatives are syntactically specified with the UNION keyword ¢  SELECT distinct ?name ?birth ?death ?person WHERE { {?person dbpedia2:birthPlace <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin> } UNION {?person dbpedia2:death ?death} ?person foaf:name ?name . ?person dbpedia2:birth ?birth . }page 50 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language¢  Sequence & Modify •  « Order By » to sort, •  « LIMIT » result number, •  « OFFSET » rank of first result¢  SELECT distinct ?name ?person WHERE { ?person dbpedia2:birthPlace <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin>. ?person foaf:name ?name. } ORDER BY ?name LIMIT 20 OFFSET 20page 51 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  « Construct » •  The CONSTRUCT query form returns a single RDF graph specified by a graph template. -  The result is an RDF graph formed by taking each query solution in the solution sequence, substituting for the variables in the graph template, and combining the triples into a single RDF graph by set union. •  Useful for aggregating data from multiple sources and merging it into a local store (from Ingenta)page 52 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> FROM <http://molene.enstb.org/mlearning09/wp- content/plugins/wp-rdfa/foaf.php CONSTRUCT { ?friend a foaf:Person; foaf:name ?name; foaf:homepage ?home.} WHERE { ?person foaf:mbox <mailto:ac@enstb.com>; foaf:knows ?friend. ?friend foaf:name ?name; foaf:homepage ?home.}page 53 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  ASK •  Returns a true/false value: test whether or not a query pattern has a solution. •  No information is returned about the possible query solutions, just whether or not a solution exists •  Is there data that looks like this? Do you have any information about that? (from Ingenta) ¢  PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> ASK WHERE { ?person a foaf:Person; foaf:mbox <mailto:ab@telecom-bretagne>. }page 54 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  DESCRIBE •  The DESCRIBE form returns a single result RDF graph containing RDF data about resources. •  CONSTRUCT but with less control -  Tell me about this or things that look like this … but you decide what’s relevant (from Ingenta) ¢  PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> DESCRIBE ?friend WHERE { ?person foaf:mbox “mailto:ab@telecom-bretagne”; foaf:knows ?friend.}page 55 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  Applied uses (from Ingenta) •  DESCRIBE for Prototyping -  DESCRIBE <http://example.org/someResource> -  Quickly assembling Uis, Web APIs •  SELECT for Indexing -  Building an ordering over some data ORDER BY, LIMITpage 56 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  Applied uses (from Ingenta) •  CONSTRUCT for transformation and also simple inferencing -  CONSTRUCT could be the XSLT of RDF -  Currently limited by lack of expressions in CONSTRUCT triple templates •  ASK for validation •  ASK – DESCRIBE – CONSTRUCT Pattern: -  Probe endpoint, Grab default view of data, Refine data extraction and/or apply transformationpage 57 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  SPARQL Protocol (from F. Gandon, INRIA) •  Sending queries and their results accross the web ¢  Example with HTTP binding •  GET /sparql/?query=<encoded query> HTTP/1.1 Host: www.inria.fr User-agent: my-sparql-client/0.1page 58 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  Example with SOAP binding (from F. Gandon) ¢  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http:// www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <soapenv:Body> <query-request xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/09/sparql- protocol-types/#"> <query> SELECT ?x ?p ?y WHERE {?x ?p ?y} </query> </query-request> </soapenv:Body> </soapenv:Envelope>page 59 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  Access to Data on the web •  http://dbpedia.org/snorql/ •  http://dbpedia.org/sparql •  http://demo.openlinksw.com/rdfbrowser2/ •  http://dataviewer.zitgist.com/ •  Etc. ¢  Twinkle : a sparql query tool •  http://www.ldodds.com/projects/twinklepage 60 Semantic Web in Action

SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ¢  Resources •  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQL •  http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ •  http://jena.sourceforge.net/ARQ/Tutorial/ •  http://esw.w3.org/topic/SparqlImplementations •  http://arc.semsol.org/home •  http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/wiki/main/Main/page 61 Semantic Web in Action

Social web & linked data

by Serge Garlatti on Apr 22, 2011

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Social web & linked data — Presentation Transcript

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