Using Templates to Achieve Awesomer Architecture

using templates to achieve AWESOMER architecture Sunday, October 17, 2010

hi! Garann “it’s like Karen with a G” Means HTML, CSS, JS at Gerson Lehrman Group Austin, TX garann.com / garann@gmail.com / @garannm Sunday, October 17, 2010

ask me how i reduced 12k lines of js to 4k Sunday, October 17, 2010

get that now http://github.com/jquery/jquery-tmpl Sunday, October 17, 2010

alternatives? Sunday, October 17, 2010

dom manipulation var container = $(“div.band-info”); container.append(“h2”); container.find(“h2”).html(band.bandName); $.each(band.members,function() { var span = container.append(“span”) .addClass(“band-member”); span.html(this.name+“ - “+this.instrument); }); if (band.single) { var link = container.append(“a”) .attr(“href”,band.single.url); link .text(‘Download “‘+band.single.title+‘“‘); } Sunday, October 17, 2010

hidden element “templates” var container = $(“div.band-info”); container.find(“h2”).html(band.bandName); var link = container.find(“a”); $.each(band.members,function() { link.before(‘<span class=”band-member”>’ + this.name + ‘ - ‘ + this.instrument + ‘</ span>’); }); if (band.single) { link.attr(“href”,band.single.url); link.text(band.single.title); } else { link.hide(); } ps: still dom manipulation Sunday, October 17, 2010

concatenation var html = new Array(); html.push(‘<div class=”band-info”><h2>’); html.push(band.bandName + ‘</h2>’); $.each(band.members,function() { html.push(‘<span class=”band-member”>’); html.push(this.name + ‘ - ‘); html.push(this.instrument + ‘</span>’); }); if (band.single) { html.push(‘<a href=”’ + band.single.url); html.push(‘”>Download “‘); html.push(band.single.title + ‘”</a>’); } html.push(‘</div>’); document.append(html.join(“”)); Sunday, October 17, 2010

what about just returning html from an xhr? send the same data over and over have to dig properties out of DOM building HTML server-side is annoying Sunday, October 17, 2010

that’s not an architecture #thatsaproblem Sunday, October 17, 2010

an AWESOMER architecture: separates the presentation from the data abstracts views into reusable components markup changes in one place flexibility to treat big and small views differently where you need it when you need it Sunday, October 17, 2010

pros and cons no templates templates Sunday, October 17, 2010

performance Sunday, October 17, 2010

DRY Sunday, October 17, 2010

minimize dom manipulation Sunday, October 17, 2010

maintainability Sunday, October 17, 2010

lazy loading Sunday, October 17, 2010

what a template looks like <script type=”text/html”> <div class=”band-info”> <h2>${bandName}</h2> {{each members}} <span class=”band-member”> ${$value.name} - ${$value.instrument} </span> {{/each}} {{if single}} <a href=”${single.url}”> Download “${single.title}”</a> {{/if}} </div> </script> Sunday, October 17, 2010

exciting syntax! Sunday, October 17, 2010

properties ${bandName} is the world’s greatest band. Everyone loves {{= bandName}}. Sunday, October 17, 2010

expressions ${bandName} has ${fans.length} fans ${bandName} has ${fans.length} fan${fans.length == 1 ? ‘’ : ‘s’} ${bandName} has ${fans.length} ${myApp.pluralize(‘fan’)} Sunday, October 17, 2010

if / else {{if fans.length}} ${bandName} has ${fans.length} ${myApp.pluralize(‘fan’)} {{else}} You’ve probably never heard of ${bandName}. They’re really obscure. {{/if}} Sunday, October 17, 2010

each {{each members}} ${$value.name} plays the ${$value.instrument} like a GOD. You heard me. ${this.name} practically invented the ${this.instrument}. {{/each}} Sunday, October 17, 2010

nested template <script type=”text/html” id=”footer-tmpl”> Comments: {{tmpl(comments) “#comment-tmpl”}} </script> <script type=”text/html” id=”comment-tmpl”> <div class="comment"> <span class="commentor"> ${commentor} said:</span> <p>${text}</p> <span class="timestamp">on ${timestamp.toLocaleDateString()}</span> </div> </script> Sunday, October 17, 2010

compiled template <script type=”text/html” id=”footer-tmpl”> Comments: {{tmpl(comments) “commentTempl”}} </script> <script type=”text/html” id=”comment-tmpl”> <div class=”comment”> <span>${commentor} said:</span> <p>${text}</p> <span>on ${timestamp.toDateString()}</span> </div> </script> <script type=”text/javascript”> $(“#comment-tmpl”).template(“commentTempl”); </script> Sunday, October 17, 2010

other tags {{! this is a comment}} {{html thingThatShouldntBeEscaped}} {{wrap "#otherTmpl”}} <div class=”thing”>One</div> <div class=”otherThing”>Two</div> {{/wrap}} Sunday, October 17, 2010

this main template: refer to properties directly $item, $item.data, $data {{each}}: $value nested template: parent’s data or whatever you passed in Sunday, October 17, 2010

how do they work? Sunday, October 17, 2010

rendering $.tmpl(“comments”,data.comments).appendTo (“#container”); $(“#comment-tmpl”).tmpl (data.comments).appendTo(“#container”); $(document).html($(“#justsayin”).tmpl(data)); Sunday, October 17, 2010

$.tmpl String immediately parsed and evaluated Tags translated to expressions Return a jQuery object Sunday, October 17, 2010

compiling $.template(“veryShortTmpl”,”<b>${name}</b>”); $(“#stuff-tmpl”).template(“wickedCoolTmpl”); Sunday, October 17, 2010

$.template Parse the template but don’t populate Template engine saves in a big ol’ list Rendering with data like calling a function Sunday, October 17, 2010

get and set var t = $(“div.comment:last”).tmplItem(); var lastId = t.data.id; t.tmpl = $.template(“new-tmpl”); t.update(); Sunday, October 17, 2010

$.tmplItem tmplItem has additional functions and properties nodes, parent, html, nest, wrap Functions remain available to object in DOM Sunday, October 17, 2010

event handling Sunday, October 17, 2010

weak $(“#some-tmpl”).tmpl(data).appendTo(“#thing”); $(“a.childOfThing”).click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); doMoreStuff(); }); Sunday, October 17, 2010

awesome use live() for events on multiple pages or for things that change containers // in some function $(“#some-tmpl”).tmpl(data).appendTo(“#thing”); // wherever $(“a.childOfThing”).live(“click”,function(e) { e.preventDefault(); doMoreStuff(); }); Sunday, October 17, 2010

AWESOMER! use delegate() for events on one page or always in the same container // in some function $(“#some-tmpl”).tmpl(data).appendTo(“#thing”); // wherever $(“#thing”).delegate( “a.childOfThing”,“click”,function(e) { e.preventDefault(); doMoreStuff(); }); Sunday, October 17, 2010

when the only tool you have is a hammer.. oh wait you have CSS Sunday, October 17, 2010

awesome $(“#some-tmpl”).tmpl(data).appendTo(“#thing”); $(“#childOfThing”).tmplItem().tmpl = $(“#state-two-tmpl”).template(); Sunday, October 17, 2010

AWESOMER! use CSS where possible - it’s faster! $(“#some-tmpl”).tmpl(data).appendTo(“#thing”); $(“#childOfThing”) .removeClass(“stateOne”) .addClass(“stateTwo”); Sunday, October 17, 2010

css is better for.. errors small number of elements being shown/hidden elements with plugins attached input areas that may have unsubmitted user data Sunday, October 17, 2010

fast, good, cheap: pick two and a half Sunday, October 17, 2010

faster-ish templates break up the family separate pattern templates from interface templates Always Be Compiling templates = functions Sunday, October 17, 2010

stop sending html Sunday, October 17, 2010

pagination myApp.container = $(“#stuffContainer”); $(“a.showMore”).click(function() { $.get(“/moreStuff”,function(items) { $(“#item-tmpl”) .tmpl(items) .appendTo(myApp.container); }); }); Sunday, October 17, 2010

polling for new data window.setTimeout(checkForStuff, 30000); function checkForStuff() { $.get(“/moreStuff”,function(items) { if (items.length) { var d = {l: items.length, d: items }; $(“#load-new-btn-tmpl”).tmpl(d) .prependTo(myApp.container); } window.setTimeout(checkForStuff, 30000); }); } $(“#loadNewBtn”).live(“click”,function(e) { $(this).tmplItem().tmpl = $.template(“new-tmpl”); }); Sunday, October 17, 2010

inline edit $(“#anEditButton”).live(“click”,function() { $(“#thisGuysParent”) .tmplItem() .tmpl = $(“#edit-mode-tmpl”).template(); }); Sunday, October 17, 2010

yo dawg we heard you like plugins Sunday, October 17, 2010

weak $.fn.myPlugin = function(options) { this.html(‘<div class=”’ + options.class + ’”>’ + options.content + ‘<a href=”#”>’ + options.buttonLabel + ‘</a></div>’); ... return this; } Sunday, October 17, 2010

AWESOMER! $.fn.myPlugin = function(options) { this.html($.tmpl(“myTemplate”,options)); ... return this; } Sunday, October 17, 2010

weak $.fn.myPlugin.update = function(newOpts) { this.html(‘<div class=”’ + newOpts.class + ’”>’ + newOpts.content + ‘<a href=”#”>’ + newOpts.buttonLabel + ‘</a></div>’); ... } Sunday, October 17, 2010

AWESOMER! $.fn.myPlugin.update = function(newOpts) { this.tmplItem().data = newOpts; ... } Sunday, October 17, 2010

AWESOMER plugins No more DOM manipulation Don’t have to require a template engine * Sexy updates and redraws Sunday, October 17, 2010

where do templates come from? Sunday, October 17, 2010

in your javascript var myTemplate = ‘<div class="band-info"><img src="/images/${photo}" alt="${bandName}" / ><h2>${bandName}</h2>{{each members}} ! ! ! ! <span class="band-member"> ! ! ! ! ! ${this.name} - ${this.instrument} ! ! ! ! </span> ! ! ! {{/each}}</div>’; $.tmpl(myTemplate,data).appendTo(container); eeeeek. Sunday, October 17, 2010

in your html <script type=”text/html” id=”my-tmpl”> <div class="band-info"> <img src="/images/${photo}" alt="${bandName}" /> <h2>${bandName}</h2> {{each members}} ! ! ! ! <span class="band-member"> ! ! ! ! ! ${this.name} - ${this.instrument} ! ! ! ! </span> ! ! ! {{/each}} </div> </script> $(“#my-tmpl”).tmpl(data).appendTo(container); Sunday, October 17, 2010

external files if ($.template("commentTmpl").length) { updateComment(comment); } else { $.get("comment-tmpl.js", function(response) { $.template("commentTmpl",response); updateComment(comment); }); } function updateComment(comment) { // rendering happens here } hint: ftw Sunday, October 17, 2010

use external files if you enjoy: Having your templates cached Only loading code once it’s needed Better code organization Using your client-side templates for server-side rendering Sunday, October 17, 2010

little external templates put lots of little strings in one file like a constants file e.g. internationalization small patterns available everywhere Sunday, October 17, 2010

what about clients without js? Sunday, October 17, 2010

noscripts srsly? clientside templates on the serverside Sunday, October 17, 2010

two-fer-one Sunday, October 17, 2010

#newtwitter’s doing it Sunday, October 17, 2010

node.js is doing it Sunday, October 17, 2010

takes a little doing have to write a backend parser may limit native functions like length() unless your backend is JS custom functions pretty much out unless your backend is JS even truthy and falsey may be a problem DEMO NAO PLZ now you’re just showing off. Sunday, October 17, 2010

does this template engine come in green? Sunday, October 17, 2010

micro-templates Sunday, October 17, 2010

mustache Sunday, October 17, 2010

jTemplates Sunday, October 17, 2010

pure Sunday, October 17, 2010

check out: jQuery templates: github.com/jquery/jquery-tmpl/ documentation: http://api.jquery.com/ (scroll to the very bottom) jQuery templates for node.js: github.com/kof/node-jqtpl jQuery templates for .NET: github.com/awhatley/jquery-tmpl.net photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ennuiislife/ Sunday, October 17, 2010

i appreciate ya! keep in touch: @garannm / garann@gmail.com demo code: github.com/garann/templates-example Sunday, October 17, 2010

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Using Templates to Achieve Awesomer Architecture

by Garann Means

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