NCV 3 Project Management Hands-On Support Slide Show - Module 7

Project Management 3 Project Management 3 Future Managers

Module 7: Leadership within the project Project Management 3 Future Managers

Module 7: Leadership within the project
After completing this module, you will be able to:
Explain the concept of leadership
Differentiate between the concepts roles and qualities of leadership and management
Identify leadership styles
Apply leadership skills and techniques to the project
Recognise achievement
Indicate how leaders can empower members of a team
Project Management 3 Future Managers

1. The concept of leadership
After completing this outcome, you will be able to:
Explain the different definitions of leadership
Explain, with the aid of examples, the roles and qualities of a leader

1.1 Different definitions identified with leadership
What is leadership?
Leadership can be defined as a process of directing and influencing the behaviours of others towards goal achievement
Leadership consists of the interaction between personalities and circumstances, as interpreted by the group
A leader should have a special ability to influence the behaviour of subordinates

Leadership can also be seen as a personality trait with which the leader creatively stimulates, directs and co-ordinates group interaction and co-operation within a particular situation in order to achieve group goals
Leadership is the human ability to persuade others, to bind a group together and to motivate it to strive towards stated objectives
Leadership can be exercised by people throughout an organisation and the best organisations have effective leaders at all levels

Successful leadership depends on the leader establishing trust, clarifying the direction in which people should be headed, communicating so that people feel confident that they can make the right decisions, encouraging others to take risks and finally leaders must have a source of power
For project managers to be effective and successful they must not only demonstrate efficient administrative skills and technical know how, but must also practice an appropriate style of leadership.
The APM Book says: ‘….. leadership is about setting goals and objectives and generating enthusiasm and motivation amongst the project team and stakeholders, to work towards those objectives.’

Activity 1 - Leadership
Form groups and make a list of leaders (according to your knowledge) in the following categories – listed first, South African leaders and then international leaders:
Political leaders
Business leaders
Sports leaders
Any other leaders

Leadership and power
Legitimate power
Reward power
Coercive power
Referent power
Expert power

The leader’s use of different powers can lead to one of three types of behaviour in followers:
Commitment
Compliance
Resistance

Activity 2 – Leadership qualities and characteristics
Before we discuss the qualities and characteristics of a leader, decide on a profile of an effective leader – in your opinion what qualities and characteristics are important, for a leader to be successful?

1.2 The qualities expected of a leader Project Management 3 Future Managers

2. Roles and qualities of leadership and management
Differentiate between the concepts of leadership and management
Differentiate between the roles and qualities of a leader and manager in the work situation
Compare the role of a leader in the project and a manager in their complimentary roles in the work place.

2. Roles and qualities of leadership and management
What is the difference between leadership and management?
Leadership focuses on vision, strategic development and initiative
Management deals with the implementation of the vision

2.2 Leaders and managers in the work situation
Leadership roles of the project manager
Interpersonal roles
Informational roles
Decisional roles

Activity 3: Manager versus Leader
Now that we have discussed the roles of a manager, is it possible for a manager, for example a production or financial manager, to become a leader?
In your groups, discuss the above questions and give reasons for your “yes he/she can” or “no he/she cannot” decision.

Qualities of a leader
Leaders have the ability to create a vision and to excite people to try and achieve the impossible
Great leaders have an external energy and an inner strength that see them through tough times
Leaders have a mental agility that enables them to make effective decisions much faster than most other people
Leaders delegate power to others
Leaders are emotionally intelligent, and enhance people’s confidence by understanding and dealing appropriately with their emotions and concerns.

Leaders and managers in the work context
Leadership involves bringing about change, envisioning a new future for the organisation and creating passion in people to commit and dedicate themselves in new directions.
Management is more directed to maintaining the status quo, ensuring a effectively and sustained effort to maintain new directions. It has the flavour of bureaucracy (red tape), system and procedures.

2.3 Compare the role of a leader in the project and a manger in their complementary roles
Traits of a good project manager
Enthusiasm for the project
The ability to manage change effectively
A tolerant attitude toward ambiguity
Team building and negotiating skills
A customer-first orientation
Adherence to the priorities of business
Knowledge of the industry or technology

3. Leadership styles
Identify leadership styles used by project managers
Discuss and explain how the leadership styles can be used for a project
Identify basic behaviours that a leader can use to influence someone on a project
Discuss and explain the relationship of the basic leader behaviours to the leadership styles identifie

3.1 Leadership styles used by project managers
Autocratic (isolated decision)
Autocratic (informed decision)
Consultative autocratic (discuss with individuals)
Consultative autocratic (discuss with team)
Democratic
Laissez-faire

3.2 Use of leadership styles in a project Project Management 3 Future Managers

Activity 4: Leadership styles
After the discussion on the different leadership styles, which style would you implement as project manager when the following situations occur:
A new, inexperienced project team has been selected with you as project manager
You and your team start the next project although you can’t even remember how many projects have been completed successfully thus far.

3.3 Basic behaviours that a leader can use to influence someone on a project
Task behaviour
Spells out the degree to which team leaders are likely to spell out the tasks of team members
Relationship behaviour
The degree to which team leaders are likely to maintain interpersonal relationships between themselves

3.4 The relationship of a the basic leader behaviours to the leadership styles identified
Task orientated leader behaviour
The leader is concerned primarily with careful supervision and control
Employee-orientated leader behaviour
The leader applies less control and more motivation and participative management

4. Apply leadership skills and techniques to the project
Discuss and explain how leadership skills and techniques may be applied within the scope of the chosen project

Conceptual skills
Refer to the mental skills to view the operations of the project holistically
Interpersonal skills
The ability to work with people
Technical skills
The ability to use knowledge or techniques to attain goals

Other skills
The ability of the project manager to work with and through people
To understand each team member
The skill of the project manager to communicate effectively with his team
His ability to motivate team members especially in situations where there is huge pressure on team members or when things are not going according to plan
His ability to influence team members by setting the example
Challenging the process
Experiment
Inspiring a shared vision
Build commitment towards the common goal
Be fair
Provide a positive environment for team members
The skill of the leader to plan, organises, lead and control the team and the project with distinction

5. Recognise achievement
Identify the importance of giving recognition
Discuss and describe systems for recognition of achievement at team level
Discuss and explain a plan to show recognition of achievement in the team

5.1 The importance of giving recognition
What is recognition
The role players in the project are recognised for their hard work
Why is it important to give recognition?
Increases motivation of the team

5.2 Systems for recognition of achievement at team level
Completed within time frame
Completed within budget
Quality of the end product
Willingness of the project manager and his team to participate in the next project

5.3 Indicating recognition of achievement in the team
Reassign a project team member to the next project
Allow project team members to take part in planning
Put faith in the team by appointing them as project team members
Rewarding the project team for the outcome of the project

Activity 5 - Recognition
Divide into groups and determine how the following role players will recognise the work of their subordinates:
The head of your department (in the college);
Any other organisation; have a discussion with management of the organisation on how they give recognition to their subordinates for completing work successfully

6. Indicate how leaders can empower members of a team
Identify tasks for the team in the project plan
Identify the responsibilities attached to the tasks in the project
Analyse and discuss the tasks to be allocated to all team members, including supervisors and team leaders
Discuss and explain the responsibilities of the tasks to be assigned to the team members
Discuss and explain methods that enable a leader to improve the ways in which members of the project team can measure their own performance against the objective of the project

What is empowerment?
Why is delegation important?
Three elements of delegation
Assign function, duty or task to an employee
Allocate sufficient authority so that the employee can command the resources necessary to accomplish the assignment
Gain commitment from the employee for the satisfactory completion of the task

Method of empowerment
Accept the need to delegate
Develop a detailed plan for delegation
Obtain the supervisor’s approval for your delegation plan
Establish a climate of mutual confidence and trust (this will not happen over-night)
Select the function, duties and tasks to be delegated and assigned
Establish clear lines of authority and responsibility and ensure that they are understood by all
Adopt a constructive attitude. Demonstrate patience when a subordinate makes mistakes
Monitor performance, provide frequent feedback
Reward effective delegation

Activity 6 – Empowerment
Management and specifically the project manager (leader) wants to empower his team. At the same time, we may ask the question: “How can team members’ benefit from being empowered?”
Hold a brainstorm or group discussion on the above statement and write down the ways in which team members can benefit.

Practical exercise
DKD Builders and Renovators focus on doing building alterations and renovation work. The company has a very experienced project manager in the person of Simon Shaw. Simon, on the other hand has the privilege of working with and managing a very experienced and skilful project team. The composition of the team makes it possible for them to complete all the work. Therefore they won’t need to outsource. Simon even refers to them as a multi-skilled team.

Practical exercise
Simon and his team have received a tender for the re-wiring (electrical) of a house and at the same time another tender to renovate the bathroom. Remember that we will not focus on the work itself, but on the tasks and responsibilities required.

Project Management 3 Future Managers Stakeholder Tasks Responsibilities Project organisation To give Simon and his team the go-ahead to continue with the project (accept proposed budget) Draw up the project charter; project is now in progress. Supply funds for budget Project manager Simon has to plan and manage the project (has already a team, no need to select one) Do WBS, assign activities to team members, draw network diagram, make changes if requested to do so and re-schedule activities because of the change(s) Project team Start and finish their activities, comply with their task Complete activities within the time frame and within the budget, ensuring project quality Customer or client Communicates with project manager on requirements Approach the project manager with request to change project, accept or reject project outcome if not satisfied with project quality Sponsor None N/a Partner or joint venture None N/a Functional manager None N/a Public No interest in project N/a

Practical exercise
The focus is on the first four stakeholders to indicate what their tasks and responsibilities are

NCV 3 Project Management Hands-On Support Slide Show - Module 7

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NCV 3 Project Management Hands-On Support Slide Show - Module 7 Presentation Transcript