Managements Practice 2

Module 6: Change Management Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

After completing this Module, you will be able to: Explain the reasons for change in organisational practices List and identify examples of planned change and reactive change in an organisation Identify reasons for resistance to change and indicate ways to overcome them Module 6: Change Management Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

After completing this Module, you will be able to:

Explain the reasons for change in organisational practices

List and identify examples of planned change and reactive change in an organisation

Identify reasons for resistance to change and indicate ways to overcome them

After completing this outcome, you will be able to identify and explain: The reasons for change in an organisation The internal and external reasons for change within a structured environment to include reference to organisational policies 1. Explain the reasons for change in organisational practices Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

After completing this outcome, you will be able to identify and explain:

The reasons for change in an organisation

The internal and external reasons for change within a structured environment to include reference to organisational policies

Can you define change management? Change management is the process in which management take on new ideas, processes and methods to become different Change occurs because new realities replace old ones For change to be successful, it is necessary to unfreeze the status quo, a move to a new state, and refreeze the change to make it permanent 1.1 Managing change Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Can you define change management?

Change management is the process in which management take on new ideas, processes and methods to become different

Change occurs because new realities replace old ones

For change to be successful, it is necessary to unfreeze the status quo, a move to a new state, and refreeze the change to make it permanent

Divide into groups and make a list of all the recent changes that you are aware off. These changes can also refer to international changes Activity 6.1 Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Divide into groups and make a list of all the recent changes that you are aware off. These changes can also refer to international changes

Stay in your groups and make a list of at least five possible reasons for change Activity 6.2 Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Stay in your groups and make a list of at least five possible reasons for change

Training and development of staff Empowerment of staff about change, Customer focused Competition Technology Political reasons Social structures and reasons Economical reasons International influences 1.2 Reasons for change in an organisation Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Training and development of staff

Empowerment of staff about change,

Customer focused

Competition

Technology

Political reasons

Social structures and reasons

Economical reasons

International influences

Write down any two examples or reasons for organisations to change internally Activity 6.3 Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Write down any two examples or reasons for organisations to change internally

a. Internal change the knowledge explosion rapid product obsolescence the changing nature of the workforce increased individual responsibility 1.3 Difference between internal and external reasons for change Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

a. Internal change

the knowledge explosion

rapid product obsolescence

the changing nature of the workforce

increased individual responsibility

Name a very active and important external factor that in your opinion causes change in the organisation? Name examples of this particular external factor that has brought change and indicate how we benefit from it Activity 6.4 Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Name a very active and important external factor that in your opinion causes change in the organisation?

Name examples of this particular external factor that has brought change and indicate how we benefit from it

Can you name some external changes? Changing technology Environmental influences Political changes Natural changes International changes 1.3 Difference between internal and external reasons for change Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Can you name some external changes?

Changing technology

Environmental influences

Political changes

Natural changes

International changes

Since 1994, South Africa has experienced many changes. Some of these changes were inevitable and unavoidable. Therefore, management has decided to make changes With 1994 as a background, what was the most important change in the history of South Africa that has taken place? Make a list, with examples, of the changes that have taken place (after 1994). Who were the beneficiaries of these changes? Activity 6.5 Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Since 1994, South Africa has experienced many changes. Some of these changes were inevitable and unavoidable. Therefore, management has decided to make changes

With 1994 as a background, what was the most important change in the history of South Africa that has taken place?

Make a list, with examples, of the changes that have taken place (after 1994). Who were the beneficiaries of these changes?

After completing this outcome, you will be able to: Explain the difference between planned change and reactive change List the factors to be considered when planning change 2. List and identify examples of planned change and reactive change in an organisation Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

After completing this outcome, you will be able to:

Explain the difference between planned change and reactive change

List the factors to be considered when planning change

What is planned change? Examples of planned change include: Organisations that plan employment equity programs to address past imbalances in the workplace Organisations decide to put a new product on the market for which they need specific skills so that they can either recruit the required skills or train their where they are, they cannot start on the staff to better perform the task 2.1 Types of change in an organisation Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

What is planned change?

Examples of planned change include:

Organisations that plan employment equity programs to address past imbalances in the workplace

Organisations decide to put a new product on the market for which they need specific skills so that they can either recruit the required skills or train their where they are, they cannot start on the staff to better perform the task

What is reactive change? Technical change Process change Administration change 2.1 Types of change in an organisation Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

What is reactive change?

Technical change

Process change

Administration change

The change process Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers Ask “Where are we now?” Assess from various viewpoints Ask: “Where do we want to be?” Develop a corporate vision Map out key changes needed to close the gap, working back from the ideal Measure the gap between the present and the ideal state. Quantify it tangibly State these changes in words and figures as a focus for planning change

Make a list of factors to be considered when change is planned Activity 6.6 Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Make a list of factors to be considered when change is planned

Make sure that there is a need for change The proposed change must be realistic Plan towards a result because of change and keep all involved persons informed Ensure that the proposed change will benefit the individual as well as the organisation All the people involved in the change should know how to achieve the change 2.2 Factors to be considered when planning change Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Make sure that there is a need for change

The proposed change must be realistic

Plan towards a result because of change and keep all involved persons informed

Ensure that the proposed change will benefit the individual as well as the organisation

All the people involved in the change should know how to achieve the change

Make sure that the proposed change will not influence the security of those involved Proposed change must be seen as reducing rather than increasing recent problems Ensure that the changes are not working against the organisation’s norms and values Top management must support the changes The change process must be evaluated regularly Assigning responsibility for change to a change agent 2.2 Factors to be considered when planning change Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Make sure that the proposed change will not influence the security of those involved

Proposed change must be seen as reducing rather than increasing recent problems

Ensure that the changes are not working against the organisation’s norms and values

Top management must support the changes

The change process must be evaluated regularly

Assigning responsibility for change to a change agent

After completing this outcome, you will be able to: Explain the reasons for resistance to change in an organisation Explain the ways in which resistance to change can be overcome 3. Identify reasons for resistance to change and indicate ways to overcome them Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

After completing this outcome, you will be able to:

Explain the reasons for resistance to change in an organisation

Explain the ways in which resistance to change can be overcome

In your groups, brainstorm possible reasons why individuals or employees resist proposed changes in the organisation Activity 6.7 Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

In your groups, brainstorm possible reasons why individuals or employees resist proposed changes in the organisation

selective perception habit inconvenience or loss of freedom economic factors security in the past fear of the unknown peer pressure set perception low tolerance for change different assessment general factors 3.1.1 Individual resistance Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

selective perception

habit

inconvenience or loss of freedom

economic factors

security in the past

fear of the unknown

peer pressure

set perception

low tolerance for change

different assessment

general factors

In your groups, consider why organisations or enterprises will resist against change especially with the possibility of how they can benefit from the proposed change Activity 6.8 Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

In your groups, consider why organisations or enterprises will resist against change especially with the possibility of how they can benefit from the proposed change

maintaining stability investment in resources threats to established power relationships threats to established resources allocations. 3.1.2 Reasons for enterprises resisting change Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

maintaining stability

investment in resources

threats to established power relationships

threats to established resources allocations.

In your groups again, list the processes to be followed in order to overcome resistance to change. Activity 6.9 Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

In your groups again, list the processes to be followed in order to overcome resistance to change.

education and communication participation and involvement facilitation and support negotiation and rewards manipulation and co-optation coercion 3.2. Overcoming resistance to change Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

education and communication

participation and involvement

facilitation and support

negotiation and rewards

manipulation and co-optation

coercion

Points to remember: To be successful, plan, implement, revise, update and build on change Make sure that every change programme continues to increase profitability Make the most of people who have played a key role in the success of change programmes Never assume that you know what people think – always ask them Persuade people that change will always mean opportunity 3.2. Overcoming resistance to change Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Points to remember:

To be successful, plan, implement, revise, update and build on change

Make sure that every change programme continues to increase profitability

Make the most of people who have played a key role in the success of change programmes

Never assume that you know what people think – always ask them

Persuade people that change will always mean opportunity

Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers Implement change programme Measure results and obtain feedback If successful, continue programme If necessary, revise programme

Can you explain the reasons for change in organisational practices The reasons for change in an organisation? The internal and external reasons for change within a structured environment to include reference to organisational policies? Recap Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Can you explain the reasons for change in organisational practices

The reasons for change in an organisation?

The internal and external reasons for change within a structured environment to include reference to organisational policies?

Can you explain the reasons for change in organisational practices? Explain the difference between planned change and reactive change? List the factors to be considered when planning change? Recap Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Can you explain the reasons for change in organisational practices?

Explain the difference between planned change and reactive change?

List the factors to be considered when planning change?

Can you locate and provide records to users on request? List the possible locations of records within a business environment? Name the users of records in a business environment? Recap Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Can you locate and provide records to users on request?

List the possible locations of records within a business environment?

Name the users of records in a business environment?

Can you identify reasons for resistance to change and indicate ways to overcome them? Explain the reasons for resistance to change in an organisation? Explain the ways in which resistance to change can be overcome? If you can, congratulations, you are finished the course. (Now all you have to do is write the exam) Recap Management Practice – Level 2 Future Managers

Can you identify reasons for resistance to change and indicate ways to overcome them?

Explain the reasons for resistance to change in an organisation?

Explain the ways in which resistance to change can be overcome?

If you can, congratulations, you are finished the course. (Now all you have to do is write the exam)