Intro To Mvc Development In Php

Intro to MVC Development in PHP Ed Finkler • http://funkatron.com • @funkatron #tekmvc • php|tek 2009

Thee Agenda All About MVC Why CodeIgniter? The CI MVC Model CI Basics Running CI out of the box Making a basic web app Making a web api Libraries, components, logging and caching

All About MVC http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/airship/118352487/

What is MVC?

What is MVC? 1979, Norwegian, Xerox Parc Give user the impression of interacting directly with data Used in GUI apps ﬁrst http://short.ie/g95zua

A Diagram Controller View Model

The Model quot;Represent knowledgequot; The data/business functionality

The View Visual representation of the model The screens and widgets of app Gets data from model & updates model

The Controller Link between user and system Responsible for intercepting user input Passes user input to view via messages

Why Does MVC Help?

Separation of concerns Don't mix your chocolate with my peanut butter

quot;Swappabilityquot; Avoid tight coupling

MVC is not magic fairy dust But understanding it and using it can make you a better developer

Variations on MVC http://short.ie/k2f9rk http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/stevem78/2975614995/

MVP Model-View-Presenter (Dolphin Smalltalk variant) Presenter primarily updates model Presenter View Model

PAC Presentation-Abstraction-Controller Presentation Control Model Presentation Control Model Presentation Control Model Presentation Control Model Presentation Control Model

Light vs Heavy Where does the logic go?

Event-driven vs direct calls Observer pattern

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/alternatewords/2332580309/ Why CodeIgniter?

Why not CakePHP or Zend Framework or Limonade or Symfony or Solar or Kohana or Zoop or Yii or Akelos or PHP on Trax or Prado or Seagull?

Because you've gotta pick one, dammit

All of them have value* * except Zend Framework

That being said, CI is… Easy to understand Simple doesn't require advanced OOP Doesn't force lots of conventions Plays well with others Quick to get up and running Good docs and great community Backed by invested entity (http://ellislab.com)

CodeIgniter MVC Implementation

More of a Passive View Pattern Controller View Model http://short.ie/5o7eg4

CI application ﬂow Stolen from CI user guide

App components Front controller Helper Routing Plugin Security Scripts Controller View Model Caching Library

Front controller index.php

Routing http://domain.com/index.php/controller/method/param class Search extends Controller { public function single($id) { // [...] } }

Security Filtering or blocking unsafe input

Controller The core of everything <?php class Site extends Controller { quot;Heavyquot;: you could do function Site() { parent::Controller(); everything in controller $this->load->library('session'); } public methods are function index() { available as actions from // mletters model is auto-loaded $rows = $this->mletters->getMany(10); URL $data['rows'] = $this->_prepData($rows); $this->load->view('index', $data); } private methods preﬁxed with “_” function _prepData($rows) { // do some cleanup on the data… } ?>

Model ActiveRecord pattern available, not required Query binding $sql = quot;SELECT * FROM some_table WHERE id = ? AND status = ? AND author = ?quot;; $this->db->query($sql, array(3, 'live', 'Rick')); Don't like the DB layer? Use something else Zend_DB, Doctrine, DataMapper (http://bit.ly/ datamapper), IgniteRecord (http://bit.ly/igrec) …

Library A class designed to work on related tasks

Helper Procedural funcs, grouped by ﬁle Mostly for views; available in controllers /** * Plural * * Takes a singular word and makes it plural * * @access public * @param string * @param bool * @return str */ function plural($str, $force = FALSE) { // [...] }

Plugin Single procedural function More extensive functionality than helper $vals = array( 'word' => 'Random word', 'img_path' => './captcha/', 'img_url' => 'http://example.com/captcha/', 'font_path' => './system/fonts/texb.ttf', 'img_width' => '150', 'img_height' => 30, 'expiration' => 7200 ); $cap = create_captcha($vals); echo $cap['image'];

Script Other scripts the CI app might use

View Build response to client CI Views are limited Uses plain PHP as templating lang <?php foreach ($rows as $row): ?> <li class=quot;letterquot;> <div class=quot;bodyquot;> <h3>Dear Zend,</h3> <p><?=$row->body?></p> </div> <div class=quot;metaquot;> <div class=quot;postedquot;> <a href=quot;<?=site_url('/site/single/'.$row->id)?>quot;>Posted <?=$row->posted?></a> </div> <div class=quot;favoritequot;>Liked by <?=$row->favorite_count?> person(s). <a href=quot;<?=site_url('/site/favorite/'.$row->id)?>quot;>I like this</a> </div> </div> </li> <?php endforeach ?>

View Optional template markup $this->load->library('parser'); <html> $this->parser->parse('blog_template', $data); <head> <title>{blog_title}</title> </head> <body> <h3>{blog_heading}</h3> {blog_entries} <h5>{title}</h5> <p>{body}</p> Want a heavier template lang? {/blog_entries} Use one. </body> </html>

Caching Saves response to ﬁle Serves up ﬁle contents if cache not expired

CI Basics http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/canoafurada/395304306/

CI Structure front controller index.php points to system and application folders system application base classes & app-speciﬁc classes built-in functionality & functionality

CI Structure default layout

CI Structure custom layout only index.php is under document root

The CI Object $this inside controllers

The loader $this->load->{view|library|model|helper|etc}('name');

CI Out of the box

The Welcome App Put CI on the server Load it in the browser Why does Welcome load? How URLs map Trace with Xdebug/MacGDBp

Making a web application

Population estimates DB Get our data from Numbrary: http://short.ie/w3f6h3) Make a new controller Change the default route Conﬁg DB settings Make a model Make a view Make fancier views

Make a web API http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/dunechaser/2429621774/

Web API for pop. est. DB Let users query our DB via HTTP Return results on JSON or serialized PHP

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/metaphorge/515054465/ Libraries, Components, Logging and Caching

Autoloading Make certain libs, models, helpers, etc available automatically

Libraries Extending core libs application/libraries/MY_Library.php Replacing core libs application/libraries/CI_Library.php Creating your own libs application/libraries/Library.php Constructor: Library();

Helpers Make your own application/helpers/name_helper.php Add to existing application/helpers/MY_name_helper.php Example: PHP lang helper

Using non-CI components The CI Way Examples: Simplepie, Markdown The dirty, bad way require() that jazz

Caching set cache path in conﬁg make dir writable enable caching in controller methods

Logging set path in conﬁg make dir writable manual logging: log_message(level, msg)

Error handling CI uses it's own error handler Can block expected behavior Example

Questions? http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/deadhorse/508559841/ @funkatron/#tekmvc coj@funkatron.com

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Intro To Mvc Development In Php

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