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Writing the
Argumentative/Persuasive
        Essay
CHOOSING A TOPIC
To begin an argumentative/persuasive
essay, you must first have an opinion you
want others to share.
Possible Topic Ideas
Should boxing be banned?      Should legal immigration be
                              stopped?
Should the driving age be
  raised to 18?               Should dying people be kept on
                              life support?
Should semi-automatic
  weapons be banned?
                              Should tobacco products be
Should teens who murder be    banned?
  executed?
                              Should the Internet be censored?
Should hunting be outlawed?
                              Should school prayer be allowed?
Should recycling be
  mandatory?
                              Should music lyrics be censored?
Should schools require
  student uniforms?           Should parents of teen vandals be
                              held responsible for their child's
Should college athletes be    damage?
  paid?

Should the death penalty be   Should research on cloning be
  abolished?                  discontinued?
RESEARCH
To be valid, an opinion or point of view must be
supported by facts and information.

               Once you know what you will
               write about, you will need to do
               research on the topic.

    Research through interviewing people, or
    reading newspaper, book, journal or Internet
    articles.
THESIS STATEMENT
The thesis statement

  states your position on the topic




  sets up the structure for the paper.
SUPPORT THE THESIS
   Support your thesis with logical reasons.




 Write down each of the reasons
 that support your belief on a separate piece of
 paper.
            These are your arguments.
COUNTER-
  ARGUMENTS
 Every controversial issue has two
  sides.
 Once you can support your
 position with research, you need
 to explore what others think.
PREPARING YOUR
   ARGUMENTS
 Look at the three main reasons for
 your opinion.
 What objections would others have to
 each of your reasons?
 Write these down under each of your
  reasons. Now you have three arguments
 and three counter-arguments.
ANSWERING COUNTER-
   ARGUMENTS

Write your answers down under the
counter-arguments.


Now you have the raw material for each
paragraph of the argumentative essay.
THE AUDIENCE
When introducing the topic, think about the
audience first.
 How much does the audience know about the
  topic?

 Is the audience likely to be friendly
 or hostile to your position?
 How can you “hook” the audience’s
  attention?
INTRODUCTION
               PARGRAPH
 The first sentence is a general statement,
 designed to attract the reader’s attention.




   Second and perhaps third sentences
   narrow the idea down to your specific idea.
   The last sentence in the introduction
    must be your thesis.
INTRODUCTION

Think of the introduction as having a funnel
shape:
                      

      General statement (hook)
          Specific information
                  Thesis
                      
                      
Example of Intro
                  Paragraph
        More people die on driving on
    Greek roads in a single year than all
    the U.S. soldiers killed in Iraq since
    the fighting began. The road
    conditions and the mentality that leads
    to this unnecessary and avoidable
    loss of life should be changed.
Fact to support position   The authors position or
and a good hook.           Thesis Statement.
BUILDING BODY
           PARAGRAPHS
The first topic sentence of the
first paragraph will be the first
reason that supports your
position.



   You may even wish to begin the sentence with
   the word first to focus the reader’s attention on
   its importance.
FIRST BODY
PARAGRAPH
  Write a topic sentence and
 three details that
 support the reason you
 believe what you believe.
Repeat the process until you
have one paragraph for each of
your supporting reasons with at
least three details to support
that reason. (Remember a detail can
also be further exemplified by
examples).
Counter Arguments
        - Rebuttals
Research what people opposed to your
point of view believe. Write down three
counter- arguments to your position.

Now, address those arguments in a
paragraph explaining why your position is a
better one.
BUILDING
          PARAGRAPHS
 The final sentence in each paragraph
  should sum up and make a transition to

    the main idea of the next paragraph.
 
Concluding Paragraph
• Indicate in the conclusion that you have
    shown the thesis statement to be true.

• Has a powerful ending often relating to the
  introduction.

• Do not include any new information in a
    conclusion. If you have not mentioned
    something yet in the paper, it is now too
     late.
What is not effective
Saying the opposing viewpoint is “stupid.”
Good essays are clear, calm and factual.
  Prove it instead.

Saying negative things about groups or
  individuals that have different view points.
This does not support your position but
  makes you seem petty instead.
Reflecting on Your
               Paper
 Are you happy with what you have written?
 Have you made a convincing case for
 your position?
 Is it clear that research supports your
  position?
 Have you shown that you understand the
  objections to your position?
Reflecting on Your
                Paper
 Have you shown that you understand the
 objections to your position?

 Is it clear that your position still
  outweighs the possible objections?

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Argumentative essays

  • 2. CHOOSING A TOPIC To begin an argumentative/persuasive essay, you must first have an opinion you want others to share.
  • 3. Possible Topic Ideas Should boxing be banned? Should legal immigration be stopped? Should the driving age be raised to 18? Should dying people be kept on life support? Should semi-automatic weapons be banned? Should tobacco products be Should teens who murder be banned? executed? Should the Internet be censored? Should hunting be outlawed? Should school prayer be allowed? Should recycling be mandatory? Should music lyrics be censored? Should schools require student uniforms? Should parents of teen vandals be held responsible for their child's Should college athletes be damage? paid? Should the death penalty be Should research on cloning be abolished? discontinued?
  • 4. RESEARCH To be valid, an opinion or point of view must be supported by facts and information. Once you know what you will write about, you will need to do research on the topic. Research through interviewing people, or reading newspaper, book, journal or Internet articles.
  • 5. THESIS STATEMENT The thesis statement  states your position on the topic  sets up the structure for the paper.
  • 6. SUPPORT THE THESIS Support your thesis with logical reasons.  Write down each of the reasons that support your belief on a separate piece of paper.  These are your arguments.
  • 7. COUNTER- ARGUMENTS  Every controversial issue has two sides.  Once you can support your position with research, you need to explore what others think.
  • 8. PREPARING YOUR ARGUMENTS  Look at the three main reasons for your opinion.  What objections would others have to each of your reasons?  Write these down under each of your reasons. Now you have three arguments and three counter-arguments.
  • 9. ANSWERING COUNTER- ARGUMENTS Write your answers down under the counter-arguments. Now you have the raw material for each paragraph of the argumentative essay.
  • 10. THE AUDIENCE When introducing the topic, think about the audience first.  How much does the audience know about the topic?  Is the audience likely to be friendly or hostile to your position?  How can you “hook” the audience’s attention?
  • 11. INTRODUCTION PARGRAPH  The first sentence is a general statement, designed to attract the reader’s attention.  Second and perhaps third sentences narrow the idea down to your specific idea.  The last sentence in the introduction must be your thesis.
  • 12. INTRODUCTION Think of the introduction as having a funnel shape:   General statement (hook) Specific information Thesis    
  • 13. Example of Intro Paragraph More people die on driving on Greek roads in a single year than all the U.S. soldiers killed in Iraq since the fighting began. The road conditions and the mentality that leads to this unnecessary and avoidable loss of life should be changed. Fact to support position The authors position or and a good hook. Thesis Statement.
  • 14. BUILDING BODY PARAGRAPHS The first topic sentence of the first paragraph will be the first reason that supports your position. You may even wish to begin the sentence with the word first to focus the reader’s attention on its importance.
  • 15. FIRST BODY PARAGRAPH Write a topic sentence and three details that support the reason you believe what you believe. Repeat the process until you have one paragraph for each of your supporting reasons with at least three details to support that reason. (Remember a detail can also be further exemplified by examples).
  • 16. Counter Arguments - Rebuttals Research what people opposed to your point of view believe. Write down three counter- arguments to your position. Now, address those arguments in a paragraph explaining why your position is a better one.
  • 17. BUILDING PARAGRAPHS  The final sentence in each paragraph should sum up and make a transition to the main idea of the next paragraph.  
  • 18. Concluding Paragraph • Indicate in the conclusion that you have shown the thesis statement to be true. • Has a powerful ending often relating to the introduction. • Do not include any new information in a conclusion. If you have not mentioned something yet in the paper, it is now too late.
  • 19. What is not effective Saying the opposing viewpoint is “stupid.” Good essays are clear, calm and factual. Prove it instead. Saying negative things about groups or individuals that have different view points. This does not support your position but makes you seem petty instead.
  • 20. Reflecting on Your Paper  Are you happy with what you have written?  Have you made a convincing case for your position?  Is it clear that research supports your position?  Have you shown that you understand the objections to your position?
  • 21. Reflecting on Your Paper  Have you shown that you understand the objections to your position?  Is it clear that your position still outweighs the possible objections?