this slide show describes the secondary data research in a digital age. various tips and techniques are being discussed in order to facilitates the advance research scholar pertaining to secondary data analysis regarding Pakistan and south asia

1. Recommended book for
Advance research one
 Umme sekran the latest edition
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 Emory business research
 Dr A Mateen
 Zikmond business research
 Roger bougie
 Internet sources
 I follow the contents of the course not the book

2. Business
Research Methods
Muhammad shafiq
Lecture 8:
Secondary data research

3. Introduction
 Data that have been previously collected for some
purpose other than the one at hand
 It is a deductive reseach
 We proceed from general to particular
 Neo-classical school of economist applied this method
of investigation

4. merits
 Less time consuming- elimination of many steps
 Less expensive
 More use of mathematical and statistical calculations
 Limited scope of experimentation
 Simple because of analytical

5. demerits
 Might not address the researcher needs
 Not universally applicable
 Highly abstract
 Requires grat deal of care to avoid bad logic or faulty
economic reasoning

6. Evaluation of secondary data
researcher questions
 Is the subject matter consistent with
our problem definition
 Do the data apply to the population of
interest?
 Do the data apply to the time period
of interest?
 Do the secondary data appear in the
correct units of measurement?
 Do the data cover the subject of
interest in adequate detail?

7. situations
 A researcher is interested in forklift truck finds that the
secondary data on the subject are included in a
broader, less petinants category encompassing all
industrial trucks and tractors. Furthermore, the data
were colldected five years ealier

8. situations
 An investigator who wishes to study individuals earning
more than Rs.100,000 per year finds the top category in
a secondary study reported at Rs. 75,000 or more per
year

9. situations
 Data from a previous warranty card study show where
consumers prefer to purchase the product but provide
no reasons why.

10. Most common reasons for
inadequate secondary dat
 Outdated information
 Variation in definition of terms
 Different units of measurement
 Lack of information to verify the data’s accuracy
 Difficulty in data conversion
 Cross checks of data

11. Typical objective for secondary-data research
design
 Fact finding
 Identifying consumption pattern tacking trends
 Model building
 Estimating market potential forecasting sales
 Selecting trade areas and sites
 Database marketing
 Enhancing customer databases developing prospect lists

12. Identification of consumer behavior for a
product category
 Trend analysis
 Environmental scanning
 Forecasting sales
 Estimating market potential for geographic areas

13. Data mining
 The use of powerful computer to dig through volumes of
data to discover pattern about an organization
customers and product
 Applies to many form of analysis

14. Sources if secondary data
 Sources of internal proprietary data
 Data that exist and originates inside the organization
Accounting data or employees data
 Researcher can aggregate of disaggregate internal data
 Internet and internal proprietary data
 External data
 Data created, recorded or generated by an entity other
than the researcher organization
 Government, newspapers, journals, and other organization
 Secondary data have value, therefore, they can be sold
and traded like product
 It has channel of distribution

15. Sources if secondary data
 Libraaries
 Storehouses of information---bridge between uses and
producers
 Provide collection of books, journals, newspapers and so
on for reading and references
 Also stock many bibliographies, abstracts, guides,
directories and indexes as well as offer acess to database
 The internet
 Much data conveniently available over internet
www.libraryspot.com
 Vendors
 Many external producers make secondary data available
directly from the org that produce the data or through
intermediaries called venders www.hoovers.com

16. Sources if secondary data
 Producers
 Categorize in five
 Publisher of book and periodicals, government sources,
media sources, trade association sources and commercial
sources
 Single source data
 Diverse types of data offered by a single company, usually
integrated on the basis of a common variable such as
geographic area or store
 www.caci.com
 www.mediamark.com

17. Sources if secondary data
 Panel data
 Refers to multi-dimensional data; consist of information of
sampling unit for many dimensions across multiple time
periods (Balance and unbalanced data)
 Scanner panel data
 Many retailer outlet provide consumer information etc