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IPv6. Now!
SwiNOG #16, May 14, 2008
Fredy Künzler
kuenzler at init7 dot nospam dot net

Init Seven AG
Elias-Canetti-Strasse 7
CH-8050 Zürich

www.init7.net
www.blogg.ch
www.bgp-and-beyond.com

Disclaimer: the configuration examples in this presentation are probably inaccurate.
Use it on your own risk. If you find 10 errors in the presentation, let me know and you
qualify for a free Init7 geek T-Shirt (please note your size) ...
IPv6 @ SwiNOG

    - SwiNOG #2 (March 21, 2001) by Simon Leinen, SWITCH:
    IPv6 Operational Experiences
    http://www.swinog.ch/meetings/swinog2/leinen-ipv6.ps

    - SwiNOG #8 (March 24, 2004) by Simon Leinen, SWITCH:
    IPv6 Peering Group
    http://www.swinog.ch/meetings/swinog8/ipv6_swinog.pdf

    - SwiNOG #11 (October 20, 2005) by Jeroen Massar
    SixXS: Looking at deploying IPv6
    http://www.swinog.ch/meetings/swinog11/SwiNOG11-DeployingIPv6.pdf




2
IPv6 @ RIPE #56

    Only one topic @ RIPE #56 in Berlin (May 5-9, 2008):




    IPv6!
    http://rosie.ripe.net/




3
Face facts:

    Less than 1000 days until the free
    IPv4 pool gets exhausted.

    - Prediction by Geoff Huston, APNIC
    http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/

    - Quoting Mike Leber, Hurricane Electric (he.net):
    Do you have an IPv6 plan?

    How long do you think it will be until Sarbanes Oxley and
    SAS 70 auditors start requiring disclosure of IPv4
    exhaustion as a business continuity risk, as well as the
    presence or lack thereof of an IPv6 plan?
4
The good news #1:

    - If you are a LIR, request your IPv6 space now. It's just a
    formality:
    https://lirportal.ripe.net/
    -> Request Forms
    -> IPv6 First Allocation Request Form




    After receiving the IPv6 allocation, put the appropriate
    route object into the RIPE database.

5
The good news #2:
    You don't have to reinvent the wheel. Everything you know
    about

    - BGP4
    - Subnet Masks
    - OSPF
    - Route-Maps, Prefix-lists, AS-Path, Filter-Lists
    is still valid. More or less.

    - DualStack (IPv4/IPv6 on the same equipment) works well.

    - Do not think of deploying IPv6-Tunnels (unless you are an
    DSL/Cable user).

    Initial IPv6 Deployment in a typical small provider network
6   is less than 1 day of work.
IPv6 Address Plan #1:
    - RIPE's allocation to the LIR is a /32
    - Customer Assignments are usually a /48
    (don't bother anymore how many addresses the customer
    should get)
    - IPv4 /30 (PtP) becomes IPv6 /126
    - Host Address (IPv4 /32) becomes IPv6 /128

    Deploying an address plan:
    - Stick to your existing IPv4 address scheme, for
    convenience.
    - Use a /48 for loopbacks
    - Use another /48 for Point-to-Point links


7
IPv6 Address Plan #2:
    Remember the notation of IPv6:

    2001:db8::/32 =
    2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/32

    - 0 are omitted
    - two colons are replacing many 0

    Note: 2001:db8::/32 should be used for any sample
    documentation.




8
IPv4 Sample Network (AS65000):
    IPv4 Transit                                                                             IPv4 Peer




             192.168.1.101/32                                             192.168.1.102/32
                                                                                                         Router 2

                     Router 1       .1                                                              .2

                                                   192.168.2.3/29

                                          192.168.1.103/32
                                                                           Router 3
                                                                    192.168.2.9/30


                                                  Router 4          .10

                                          192.168.1.104/32
                                                                          192.168.3.1/24
                                                                                      Customer Server 192.168.3.50/24
9
Migration to IPv6 #1
                                  IPv6 Loopback (Host) Addresses.
                                  We use 2001:db8:1::/48 for Loopbacks, and the last IPv4
     IPv6 Transit                                                                                   IPv6 Peer
                                  octet corresponds to the IPv6 Loopback address.




            2001:db8:1::101/128                                               2001:db8:1::102/128
                                                                                                                Router 2

                      Router 1


                                               2001:db8:1::103/128
                                                                                  Router 3



                                                         Router 4
                                               2001:db8:1::104/128



10
Migration to IPv6 #2
                                  IPv6 PtP / LAN Addresses.
                                  We use 2001:db8:2::/48 for LAN and PtP. Again, the
     IPv6 Transit                                                                                   IPv6 Peer
                                  addressing scheme corresponsds to the legacy IPv4.
                                  PtP uses /126 addresses.



            2001:db8:1::101/128                                               2001:db8:1::102/128
                                                                                                                Router 2

                      Router 1          2001:db8:2::1/112                                                  2001:db8:2::2/112

                                                        2001:db8:2::3/112

                                              2001:db8:1::103/128
                                                                                  Router 3
                                                                            2001:db8:2:1::d/126


                                                            Router 4        2001:db8:2:1::e/126

                                              2001:db8:1::104/128



11
Migration to IPv6 #3
                                  Server (End User) Addresses
                                  Assign a /48 to every end user, Example 2001:db8:ab::/48
     IPv6 Transit                                                                                   IPv6 Peer




            2001:db8:1::101/128                                               2001:db8:1::102/128
                                                                                                                Router 2

                      Router 1          2001:db8:2::1/112                                                  2001:db8:2::2/112

                                                        2001:db8:2::3/112

                                               2001:db8:1::103/128
                                                                                  Router 3
                                                                            2001:db8:2:1::d/126


                                                            Router 4        2001:db8:2:1::e/126

                                               2001:db8:1::104/128
                                                                                2001:db8:ab::1/48
                                                                                          Customer Server 2001:db8:ab::50/48
12
IPv6 Deployment #1:
     Enable IPv6 on routers:

     Cisco:
     !
     ip cef   !required by ipv6 cef
     !
     ipv6 unicast-routing
     ipv6 cef
     !


     Foundry Networks:
     !
     ipv6 enable-acl-cam-sharing
     ipv6 unicast-routing
     !



13
IPv6 Deployment #2:
     Configure Interfaces:

     Cisco:
     !
     interface lo0
     ipv6 enable
     ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::101/128
     !


     Foundry Networks:
     !
     interface lo 1
     ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::102/128
     ipv6 enable
     !



14
IPv6 Deployment #3:
     Configure IPv6 OSPF:

     Cisco:
     !
     ipv6 router ospf 1
      passive-interface default
      no passive-interface x/y
     !
     interface x/y
      ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
     !

     Make sure that you are not talking OSPF to external
     interfaces (passive-interface default).



15
IPv6 Deployment #4:
     Configure IPv6 OSPF:

     Foundry Networks:
     !
     ipv6 router ospf 1
      area 0
     !
     interface loopback 1
      ipv6 ospf enable
      ipv6 ospf area 0
     !
     interface ethernet 1
      ipv6 ospf enable
      ipv6 ospf area 0
      ipv6 ospf passive !do not send OSPF multicast packets here
     !



16
IPv6 Deployment #5:
     Check OSPF adjacencies and the IPv6 routing table:

     Cisco:
     # sh ipv6 ospf neighbor

     # sh ipv6 route [ospf|connected|static]


     Foundry Networks:
     # sh ipv6 ospf neighbor

     # sh ipv6 route [ospf|connect|static]




17
IPv6 Deployment #6:
     Configure IPv6 iBGP. Between Router 1/2/3 configure a full
     mesh, while Router 4 is configured as a route-reflector-client.
     All iBGP sessions should be configured between the loopback
     addresses (what else?).

     Cisco / Foundry Networks:
     !
     router bgp 6500
      neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 remote-as 65000
      neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 description iBGP to Router 2
      neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 update-source loopback 0
      !
      address-family ipv4 unicast
      no neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 activate
      !
      address-family ipv6 unicast
      neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 activate
      neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 send-community
      neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 next-hop-self    !depends on config.
      Neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 soft-reconfiguration inbound
18   !
IPv6 Deployment #7:
     Configure IPv6 eBGP Transit / Peers. Neighbor address is
     provided by Transit Provider or Internet Exchange.

     Cisco / Foundry Networks:
     !
     ipv6 prefix-list MYSELF seq 5 permit 2001:db8::/32
     !
     router bgp 6500
      neighbor x:x:x:x::x remote-as 123
      neighbor x:x:x:x::x description IPv6 Transit Provider
      !
      address-family ipv4 unicast
      no neighbor x:x:x:x::x activate
      !
      address-family ipv6 unicast
      neighbor x:x:x:x::x activate
      neighbor x:x:x:x::x send-community   !depends on config
      neighbor x:x:x:x::x next-hop-self    !implicit
      neighbor x:x:x:x::x soft-reconfiguration inbound
      neighbor x:x:x:x::x prefix-list MYSELF out
     !
19
IPv6 Deployment #8:
     Start propagating your IPv6 netblock. Advise your
     Transit Provider in order to adjust his inbound filter list.

     Cisco / Foundry Networks:
     !
     router bgp 6500
      network 2001:db8::/32
     !

     Check your propagation in various IPv6 Looking Glass.




20
Linux Server / Apache 2
     Configure your Linux Server with IPv6:
     add into /etc/rc.local

     #
     ifconfig eth0 inet6 add 2001:db8:ab::50/48
     #

     Reboot or execute /etc/rc.local ... check connectivity with
     ping6.

     Apache 1.x is not IPv6 compatible. If not done yet, migrate to
     Apache 2.

     Good reading is Peter Bieringer's IPv6 Howto:
     http://www.bieringer.de/linux/IPv6/IPv6-HOWTO/
     For Apache 2 see section #4.

21
DNS Server
     Configure your DNS record with IPv6:
     ;
     servername.com.        A               192.168.3.50
     www                    IN CNAME        servername.com.
     ;
     servername.com.        AAAA            2001:db8:ab::50
     www                    CNAME           servername.com.



     Note: DNS servers don't need to be accessible via IPv6 to
     resolve AAAA records, however IPv6-only clients may have
     problems to resolve.



22
Check your IPv6 Connectivity
     If you don't have an IPv6-enabled client, try the tools of SixXS:

     http://ipv4gate.sixxs.net/
     http://www.sixxs.net/




23
More IPv6 Links:
     Tunnelbrokers (IPv6 for IPv4-only broadband users):
     - http://tunnelbroker.net/ (by Hurricane Electric)
     - http://www.sixxs.net/faq/account/?faq=10steps


     From RIPE #56
     - Structural Problems in the IPv6 Routing:
     http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-56/presentations/uploads/Tuesday/Plenary%2016:00/upl/Schmidt-Structural_problems_in_the



     - IPv6 PI Space – refer to Gert Dörings Presentation:
     http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-56/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Address%20Policy%202/upl/Doering-IPv6_Routing_Table_



     - Measurment of the IPv6 deployment by Geoff Huston:
     http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-56/presentations/uploads/Wednesday/Plenary%2009:00/upl/Huston-Measuring_IPv6_Deploym



     IPv6 BOGON information (use the “Relaxed” template):
     http://www.space.net/~gert/RIPE/ipv6-filters.html

24
Help to deploy IPv6 in Switzerland!

     - Obtain your IPv6 allocation now

     - Init7 offers IPv6 connectivity to all existing Colo/Transit
     customers free of charge according to their current CDR
     (BGP4 feed or static routing).

     - Init7 offers IPv6 transit connectivity to non-customers
     (BGP4 feed only) free of charge until end of 2008 (Cabling
     on prospects expense).

     - DSL/Cable customers: no decent IPv6 CPE devices
     available yet, use Tunnelbrokers until further notice.
     Blame ... | Fritz | Zyxel | Netopia | ... |


25
IPv6. Now!
Questions?
Fredy Künzler
kuenzler at init7 dot nospam dot net

www.init7.net
www.blogg.ch
www.bgp-and-beyond.com

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IPv6 Now! (Presentation at SwiNOG #16)

  • 1. IPv6. Now! SwiNOG #16, May 14, 2008 Fredy Künzler kuenzler at init7 dot nospam dot net Init Seven AG Elias-Canetti-Strasse 7 CH-8050 Zürich www.init7.net www.blogg.ch www.bgp-and-beyond.com Disclaimer: the configuration examples in this presentation are probably inaccurate. Use it on your own risk. If you find 10 errors in the presentation, let me know and you qualify for a free Init7 geek T-Shirt (please note your size) ...
  • 2. IPv6 @ SwiNOG - SwiNOG #2 (March 21, 2001) by Simon Leinen, SWITCH: IPv6 Operational Experiences http://www.swinog.ch/meetings/swinog2/leinen-ipv6.ps - SwiNOG #8 (March 24, 2004) by Simon Leinen, SWITCH: IPv6 Peering Group http://www.swinog.ch/meetings/swinog8/ipv6_swinog.pdf - SwiNOG #11 (October 20, 2005) by Jeroen Massar SixXS: Looking at deploying IPv6 http://www.swinog.ch/meetings/swinog11/SwiNOG11-DeployingIPv6.pdf 2
  • 3. IPv6 @ RIPE #56 Only one topic @ RIPE #56 in Berlin (May 5-9, 2008): IPv6! http://rosie.ripe.net/ 3
  • 4. Face facts: Less than 1000 days until the free IPv4 pool gets exhausted. - Prediction by Geoff Huston, APNIC http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/ - Quoting Mike Leber, Hurricane Electric (he.net): Do you have an IPv6 plan? How long do you think it will be until Sarbanes Oxley and SAS 70 auditors start requiring disclosure of IPv4 exhaustion as a business continuity risk, as well as the presence or lack thereof of an IPv6 plan? 4
  • 5. The good news #1: - If you are a LIR, request your IPv6 space now. It's just a formality: https://lirportal.ripe.net/ -> Request Forms -> IPv6 First Allocation Request Form After receiving the IPv6 allocation, put the appropriate route object into the RIPE database. 5
  • 6. The good news #2: You don't have to reinvent the wheel. Everything you know about - BGP4 - Subnet Masks - OSPF - Route-Maps, Prefix-lists, AS-Path, Filter-Lists is still valid. More or less. - DualStack (IPv4/IPv6 on the same equipment) works well. - Do not think of deploying IPv6-Tunnels (unless you are an DSL/Cable user). Initial IPv6 Deployment in a typical small provider network 6 is less than 1 day of work.
  • 7. IPv6 Address Plan #1: - RIPE's allocation to the LIR is a /32 - Customer Assignments are usually a /48 (don't bother anymore how many addresses the customer should get) - IPv4 /30 (PtP) becomes IPv6 /126 - Host Address (IPv4 /32) becomes IPv6 /128 Deploying an address plan: - Stick to your existing IPv4 address scheme, for convenience. - Use a /48 for loopbacks - Use another /48 for Point-to-Point links 7
  • 8. IPv6 Address Plan #2: Remember the notation of IPv6: 2001:db8::/32 = 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/32 - 0 are omitted - two colons are replacing many 0 Note: 2001:db8::/32 should be used for any sample documentation. 8
  • 9. IPv4 Sample Network (AS65000): IPv4 Transit IPv4 Peer 192.168.1.101/32 192.168.1.102/32 Router 2 Router 1 .1 .2 192.168.2.3/29 192.168.1.103/32 Router 3 192.168.2.9/30 Router 4 .10 192.168.1.104/32 192.168.3.1/24 Customer Server 192.168.3.50/24 9
  • 10. Migration to IPv6 #1 IPv6 Loopback (Host) Addresses. We use 2001:db8:1::/48 for Loopbacks, and the last IPv4 IPv6 Transit IPv6 Peer octet corresponds to the IPv6 Loopback address. 2001:db8:1::101/128 2001:db8:1::102/128 Router 2 Router 1 2001:db8:1::103/128 Router 3 Router 4 2001:db8:1::104/128 10
  • 11. Migration to IPv6 #2 IPv6 PtP / LAN Addresses. We use 2001:db8:2::/48 for LAN and PtP. Again, the IPv6 Transit IPv6 Peer addressing scheme corresponsds to the legacy IPv4. PtP uses /126 addresses. 2001:db8:1::101/128 2001:db8:1::102/128 Router 2 Router 1 2001:db8:2::1/112 2001:db8:2::2/112 2001:db8:2::3/112 2001:db8:1::103/128 Router 3 2001:db8:2:1::d/126 Router 4 2001:db8:2:1::e/126 2001:db8:1::104/128 11
  • 12. Migration to IPv6 #3 Server (End User) Addresses Assign a /48 to every end user, Example 2001:db8:ab::/48 IPv6 Transit IPv6 Peer 2001:db8:1::101/128 2001:db8:1::102/128 Router 2 Router 1 2001:db8:2::1/112 2001:db8:2::2/112 2001:db8:2::3/112 2001:db8:1::103/128 Router 3 2001:db8:2:1::d/126 Router 4 2001:db8:2:1::e/126 2001:db8:1::104/128 2001:db8:ab::1/48 Customer Server 2001:db8:ab::50/48 12
  • 13. IPv6 Deployment #1: Enable IPv6 on routers: Cisco: ! ip cef !required by ipv6 cef ! ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef ! Foundry Networks: ! ipv6 enable-acl-cam-sharing ipv6 unicast-routing ! 13
  • 14. IPv6 Deployment #2: Configure Interfaces: Cisco: ! interface lo0 ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::101/128 ! Foundry Networks: ! interface lo 1 ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::102/128 ipv6 enable ! 14
  • 15. IPv6 Deployment #3: Configure IPv6 OSPF: Cisco: ! ipv6 router ospf 1 passive-interface default no passive-interface x/y ! interface x/y ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 ! Make sure that you are not talking OSPF to external interfaces (passive-interface default). 15
  • 16. IPv6 Deployment #4: Configure IPv6 OSPF: Foundry Networks: ! ipv6 router ospf 1 area 0 ! interface loopback 1 ipv6 ospf enable ipv6 ospf area 0 ! interface ethernet 1 ipv6 ospf enable ipv6 ospf area 0 ipv6 ospf passive !do not send OSPF multicast packets here ! 16
  • 17. IPv6 Deployment #5: Check OSPF adjacencies and the IPv6 routing table: Cisco: # sh ipv6 ospf neighbor # sh ipv6 route [ospf|connected|static] Foundry Networks: # sh ipv6 ospf neighbor # sh ipv6 route [ospf|connect|static] 17
  • 18. IPv6 Deployment #6: Configure IPv6 iBGP. Between Router 1/2/3 configure a full mesh, while Router 4 is configured as a route-reflector-client. All iBGP sessions should be configured between the loopback addresses (what else?). Cisco / Foundry Networks: ! router bgp 6500 neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 remote-as 65000 neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 description iBGP to Router 2 neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 update-source loopback 0 ! address-family ipv4 unicast no neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 activate ! address-family ipv6 unicast neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 activate neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 send-community neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 next-hop-self !depends on config. Neighbor 2001:db8:1::102 soft-reconfiguration inbound 18 !
  • 19. IPv6 Deployment #7: Configure IPv6 eBGP Transit / Peers. Neighbor address is provided by Transit Provider or Internet Exchange. Cisco / Foundry Networks: ! ipv6 prefix-list MYSELF seq 5 permit 2001:db8::/32 ! router bgp 6500 neighbor x:x:x:x::x remote-as 123 neighbor x:x:x:x::x description IPv6 Transit Provider ! address-family ipv4 unicast no neighbor x:x:x:x::x activate ! address-family ipv6 unicast neighbor x:x:x:x::x activate neighbor x:x:x:x::x send-community !depends on config neighbor x:x:x:x::x next-hop-self !implicit neighbor x:x:x:x::x soft-reconfiguration inbound neighbor x:x:x:x::x prefix-list MYSELF out ! 19
  • 20. IPv6 Deployment #8: Start propagating your IPv6 netblock. Advise your Transit Provider in order to adjust his inbound filter list. Cisco / Foundry Networks: ! router bgp 6500 network 2001:db8::/32 ! Check your propagation in various IPv6 Looking Glass. 20
  • 21. Linux Server / Apache 2 Configure your Linux Server with IPv6: add into /etc/rc.local # ifconfig eth0 inet6 add 2001:db8:ab::50/48 # Reboot or execute /etc/rc.local ... check connectivity with ping6. Apache 1.x is not IPv6 compatible. If not done yet, migrate to Apache 2. Good reading is Peter Bieringer's IPv6 Howto: http://www.bieringer.de/linux/IPv6/IPv6-HOWTO/ For Apache 2 see section #4. 21
  • 22. DNS Server Configure your DNS record with IPv6: ; servername.com. A 192.168.3.50 www IN CNAME servername.com. ; servername.com. AAAA 2001:db8:ab::50 www CNAME servername.com. Note: DNS servers don't need to be accessible via IPv6 to resolve AAAA records, however IPv6-only clients may have problems to resolve. 22
  • 23. Check your IPv6 Connectivity If you don't have an IPv6-enabled client, try the tools of SixXS: http://ipv4gate.sixxs.net/ http://www.sixxs.net/ 23
  • 24. More IPv6 Links: Tunnelbrokers (IPv6 for IPv4-only broadband users): - http://tunnelbroker.net/ (by Hurricane Electric) - http://www.sixxs.net/faq/account/?faq=10steps From RIPE #56 - Structural Problems in the IPv6 Routing: http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-56/presentations/uploads/Tuesday/Plenary%2016:00/upl/Schmidt-Structural_problems_in_the - IPv6 PI Space – refer to Gert Dörings Presentation: http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-56/presentations/uploads/Thursday/Address%20Policy%202/upl/Doering-IPv6_Routing_Table_ - Measurment of the IPv6 deployment by Geoff Huston: http://rosie.ripe.net/ripe/meetings/ripe-56/presentations/uploads/Wednesday/Plenary%2009:00/upl/Huston-Measuring_IPv6_Deploym IPv6 BOGON information (use the “Relaxed” template): http://www.space.net/~gert/RIPE/ipv6-filters.html 24
  • 25. Help to deploy IPv6 in Switzerland! - Obtain your IPv6 allocation now - Init7 offers IPv6 connectivity to all existing Colo/Transit customers free of charge according to their current CDR (BGP4 feed or static routing). - Init7 offers IPv6 transit connectivity to non-customers (BGP4 feed only) free of charge until end of 2008 (Cabling on prospects expense). - DSL/Cable customers: no decent IPv6 CPE devices available yet, use Tunnelbrokers until further notice. Blame ... | Fritz | Zyxel | Netopia | ... | 25
  • 26. IPv6. Now! Questions? Fredy Künzler kuenzler at init7 dot nospam dot net www.init7.net www.blogg.ch www.bgp-and-beyond.com