Could we organize things a bit better?

The overall objective of this Human Anatomy course is to gain an integrated understanding of the spatial and functional relationships of body systems and to know correct anatomical terminology for all body systems.

In anatomy we try to see beyond mere superficialities

Our goal in this course is to see the outside and the inside of others

“Human organs were so well constructed, and in such perfect relation to their function(s), that both the form and structure of all organs were justified by their destiny”Galen 129-200 BC

The body is a fabric, a piece of workmanship in which the parts must be fitted into the system as a whole.Andreas Vesalius, 1514-1564 AD

Leonardo da Vinci, 1452-1519 AD

“Anatomy” is the study of the body’s structure“Physiology” is the study of the function of the body’s structuresPhysiology focuses especially on cellular processesIn this class we focus on gross anatomy

“Microscopic anatomy” is the study of structures too small to see with normal vision. It includes “cytology”, which is the study of cells, and “histology”, which is the study of tissues.“Gross anatomy” investigates the large body parts visible to the naked eye.

We will take a “systemic approach” to human anatomy (e.g. digestive system, skeletal system, etc.)

A “regional approach” to human anatomy studies just one area. This is particularly useful in dealing with local trauma.Left nippleClose range .44 caliber handgun wound.

Gun shot wound (GSW) to upper right abdomen. Note powder deposits.

Localized trauma caused by a kitchen knife

We are not happy if our cells are not happy.

Specialized cells carry out specific functions for the whole organism.

Tissues are layers or aggregations of similar cells that perform specific functions.

An organ (such as the heart) is two or more tissues (such as nervous, muscular, and connective) integrated to perform a particular function (such as pumping blood).

The body’s tissues and organs are organized into systems (such as the digestive system). All of the systems are interrelated, constituting the total organism

Because of their complex level of organization, humans are capable of metabolism, growth, responsiveness, homeostasis (regulation of internal environment), and reproduction.

The language of human anatomy is very exact and descriptive. Don’t just memorize the words, but learn the meanings of the words.

ManubriumGladiolusXiphoid

Roman short sword (gladius)The Greeks called a sword like this a xiphos.

The anatomical position. All terms of direction are made in reference to a persons standing in anterior view.Lateral viewAnterior view

Coronal (frontal) plane

Coronal plane

Transverse (horizontal or cross-sectional) plane.

Directional terms

Directional terms

Dorsal fin

IN THE ANATOMIC POSITION, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST LATERAL?A XIPHOIDB THUMBSC NIPPLESD ROOF OF SKULLE EARS

Body regions

Head (caput) consists of the cranial region, that protects and supports the brain, and the facial region, which includes the eyes, nose, and mouth.

Neck (cervical region) supports the head

Trunk (torso). Note mammary region (the breasts contain mammary glands) of chest (thorax)

Chest (thorax). Note sternal region located medial to breasts in this male, and pectoral region.

Chest (thorax). Note armpit (axillary region).

Chest (thorax). Note vertebral region.

Note navel (umbilicus) located in anterior midline of abdominal region

Cullen’s sign

Pelvic region of female

Male and female perineum

Lumbar regionSacral region

Intramuscular injection

Deltoid region

Intramuscular injection

Brachium

Dorsum of manusAntebrachium

Puncture of vein in antecubital fossa for removal of blood or for the addition of medications

Wrist, located between antebrachium and manus

Anterior view of hand (manus)

WHAT DO YOU CALL THE STRUCTURES FOUND ON THE DORSAL SURFACE OF THE DISTAL PORTION OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES?A TEETHB SOLESC LIPSD NAILSE FINGERPRINTS

Lower extremity

Lower leg (crural region)

Ankle and foot

Inferior surface of the foot is called the plantar surface

Plantar surface of a black bear

A bear is a plantigrade animal (describes walking on plantar surface)

Plantar warts

Toes (digits)

Achondroplastic dwarf(note: you have an article that relates to this condition)

IN PERSONS WHO HAVE ACHONDROPLASIA, WHERE IS THE ILLIZAROV APPARATUS APPLIED ACCORDING TO YOUR ASSIGNED READING?A ABOVE OR BELOW THE POPLITEAL FOSSAB CERVICAL REGIONC LUMBAR REGIOND INFERIOR TO THE PLANTAR SURFACEE JUST INSIDE THE NATAL CLEFT AND GRADUALLY ADJUSTED

The posterior body cavity contains the brain and spinal cord

Contents of thoracic (chest) cavity.

Mediastinum is shown in green, blue, and yellow

Parietal peritoneum (a serous membrane)

Serous membranesRetroperitoneal organsMidsagittal section

Peritoneal lavage to detect trauma to abdominal organs

Peritoneal lavage

Figure 01.10

Where does it hurt?

WHAT ORGAN LOCATED IN THE UPPER LEFT ABDOMINAL QUADRANT WILL OFTEN HEMORRHAGE UNCONTROLLABLY FOLLOWING BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA?A STOMACHB OVARYC APPENDIXD GALLBLADDERE SPLEEN

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) of coronary arteriesAscending aortaHeart