The Strategic and Operational Use of Digital Spatial Data to Support Survey & Mapping Activities Prof. Richardus Eko Indrajit [email_address]

IT-Based Spatial Data Source Geographical or geospatial data ( geodata ) and geoinformation , obtained through combinations of geodata, reproduce or describe a territory and its characteristics by means of spatially referenced data such as coordinates, postal addresses, place names or similar criteria.

Geographical or geospatial data ( geodata ) and geoinformation , obtained through combinations of geodata, reproduce or describe a territory and its characteristics by means of spatially referenced data such as coordinates, postal addresses, place names or similar criteria.

Example of Spatial Data

Level of Spatial Data RASTER VECTOR Real World

RASTER

VECTOR

Real World

Representation of Spatial Data

Various of SD Representation Raster Real world Vector

A Resource of the 21 st Century Up to 80 percent of all political, economic and private decisions are of spatial nature and related to geodata . In everyday life, almost everyone uses geoinformation regularly, often without even being aware of it. Geodata and geoinformation are an economic good of great importance.

Up to 80 percent of all political, economic and private decisions are of spatial nature and related to geodata .

In everyday life, almost everyone uses geoinformation regularly, often without even being aware of it.

Geodata and geoinformation are an economic good of great importance.

Geodata Services Geodata services or geoservices are electronic services or network applications which facilitate and simplify the use of geodata and allow access to structured geodata.

Geodata services or geoservices are electronic services or network applications which facilitate and simplify the use of geodata and allow access to structured geodata.

Geospatial Communities Due to the broad source and the importance of geodata as well as the enormous range of applications for geoinformation there is a great community of producers, suppliers and users being involved: - central, regional and local government and agencies, - organisations in the private sector, - the scientific community as well as - the general public. With a wider and more intensive use, greater economic benefit can be achieved from the available geographic information, adding value for each and all.

Due to the broad source and the importance of geodata as well as the enormous range of applications for geoinformation there is a great community of producers, suppliers and users being involved: - central, regional and local government and agencies, - organisations in the private sector, - the scientific community as well as - the general public.

With a wider and more intensive use, greater economic benefit can be achieved from the available geographic information, adding value for each and all.

Spatial Data Infrastructure In order to use geo-information effectively, it must be up-to-date, compatible and available on a broad basis. Coordinated policies as well as uniform standards and technologies are essential on global, national and local levels. A S patial D ata I nfrastructure is a public access system of (political) measures, institutional facilities, technologies, data and people allowing a common exchange and efficient use of geographical information. The goal of a SDI is to provide users direct access to geodata, geoinformation and geoservices from a variety of suppliers.

In order to use geo-information effectively, it must be up-to-date, compatible and available on a broad basis.

Coordinated policies as well as uniform standards and technologies are essential on global, national and local levels.

A S patial D ata I nfrastructure is a public access system of (political) measures, institutional facilities, technologies, data and people allowing a common exchange and efficient use of geographical information.

The goal of a SDI is to provide users direct access to geodata, geoinformation and geoservices from a variety of suppliers.

Level of SDI SDIs exist on different levels: - the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure promotes international cooperation since mid 1990’s - the National Spatial Data Infrastructure includes public organisations as well as private enterprises on the national level - the Provincial Spatial Data Infrastructure concerns the geodata of the archipelago - the Local District Spatial Data Infrastructures are being set up by various parties within the region

SDIs exist on different levels:

- the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure promotes international cooperation since mid 1990’s

- the National Spatial Data Infrastructure includes public organisations as well as private enterprises on the national level

- the Provincial Spatial Data Infrastructure concerns the geodata of the archipelago

- the Local District Spatial Data Infrastructures are being set up by various parties within the region

National Spatial Data Infrastructure a broad and effective contact network, which includes all partners political support on the highest level, defining the legal basis defining basic geodata and geoservices which are maintained and updated by the administration defining the required metadata and guaranteeing their actuality designing and installing the required technical infrastructure establishing and adopting binding standards for metadata, modelling and data exchange promoting education, training and research developing and introducing a common strategy for pricing and distribution

a broad and effective contact network, which includes all partners

political support on the highest level, defining the legal basis

defining basic geodata and geoservices which are maintained and updated by the administration

defining the required metadata and guaranteeing their actuality

designing and installing the required technical infrastructure

establishing and adopting binding standards for metadata, modelling and data exchange

promoting education, training and research

developing and introducing a common strategy for pricing and distribution

Archipelago Strategy of Geodata Interdepartmental GI&GIS-Coordination Group National Spatial Data Infrastructure for the whole country Basic geoinformation shall be available easily and on easy terms Coordination with the local authorities and communities New legal bases if needed Personal data protection, copyrights, liability, etc. are taken into consideration Standards for data production and data transfer (metadata, modelling, formats)

Interdepartmental GI&GIS-Coordination Group

National Spatial Data Infrastructure for the whole country

Basic geoinformation shall be available easily and on easy terms

Coordination with the local authorities and communities

New legal bases if needed

Personal data protection, copyrights, liability, etc. are taken into consideration

Standards for data production and data transfer (metadata, modelling, formats)

Example of NSDI in Europe

Various Use of NSDI

NSDI in Action #1: Mapping Cultural Resources #2: Surveying Political Issues #3: Simulating ND Recovery Strategy #4: Calculating Potential Economy #5: Developing GIS System #6: Conducting Process Analysis #7: Predicting Phenomena #8: Clustering Variables #9: Spotting the Areas #10: Monitoring the Cases #11: Representing Statistics #12: Analysing Events and Patterns #13: Profiling Detail Sites #14: Answering Queries #15: Learning Network Behavior … and many more …

#1: Mapping Cultural Resources

#2: Surveying Political Issues

#3: Simulating ND Recovery Strategy

#4: Calculating Potential Economy

#5: Developing GIS System

#6: Conducting Process Analysis

#7: Predicting Phenomena

#8: Clustering Variables

#9: Spotting the Areas

#10: Monitoring the Cases

#11: Representing Statistics

#12: Analysing Events and Patterns

#13: Profiling Detail Sites

#14: Answering Queries

#15: Learning Network Behavior

… and many more …

#1: Mapping Cultural Resources

#2: Surveying Political Issues

#3: Simulating ND Recovery Strategy

#4: Calculating Potential Economy

#5: Developing GIS System

#6: Conducting Process Analysis

#7: Predicting Phenomena

#8: Clustering Variables

#9: Spotting the Areas

#10: Monitoring the Cases

#11: Representing Statistics

#12: Analysing Events and Patterns

#13: Profiling Detail Sites

#14: Answering Queries

#15: Learning Network Behavior

Aspects to Consider quality, accuracy, reliability integrity, coverage consistency, compatibility, combinations easy access, simple use visualisation actuality, updating time series, archives costs, tariffs, prices education, training, research publications, user groups

quality, accuracy, reliability

integrity, coverage

consistency, compatibility, combinations

easy access, simple use

visualisation

actuality, updating

time series, archives

costs, tariffs, prices

education, training, research

publications, user groups

About ISO/TC211 An international organisation to develop a family of standards in the field of geographic information (e.g. Global SDI Initiatives): Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) to encourage the growth of compatible SDI capable of supporting collaboration on regional and global issues of importance Digital Earth to help advance the state of technology to create a virtual representation of the planet Global Mapping to establish a set of spatial framework data coverage for the Earth

An international organisation to develop a family of standards in the field of geographic information (e.g. Global SDI Initiatives):

Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) to encourage the growth of compatible SDI capable of supporting collaboration on regional and global issues of importance

Digital Earth to help advance the state of technology to create a virtual representation of the planet

Global Mapping to establish a set of spatial framework data coverage for the Earth

About ISO/TC211 (continue) Why Are GI Standards Necessary ? For data documentation, collection and exchange of geospatial data Who Wants GI Standards ? all businesses that produce, distribute or utilise spatial information benefit from spatial standards ranges from decision support, data warehousing to modelling and simulation application areas include automated mapping, geo-engineering, computed-aided drafting and design which support planning and infrastructures such as communication, transportation and utilities

Why Are GI Standards Necessary ?

For data documentation, collection and exchange of geospatial data

Who Wants GI Standards ?

all businesses that produce, distribute or utilise spatial information benefit from spatial standards

ranges from decision support, data warehousing to modelling and simulation

application areas include automated mapping, geo-engineering, computed-aided drafting and design which support planning and infrastructures such as communication, transportation and utilities

About ISO/TC211 (continue) aims to establish a structured set of standards for information concerning objects/ phenomena that are directly/ indirectly associated with a location relative to the Earth the standards may specify methods, tools and services for data management, acquiring, processing, analysing, accessing, presenting and transferring data between different users, systems and locations shall link to appropriate standards for information technology and data where possible, and provide a framework for the development of sector - specific applications using geographic data

aims to establish a structured set of standards for information concerning objects/ phenomena that are directly/ indirectly associated with a location relative to the Earth

the standards may specify methods, tools and services for data management, acquiring, processing, analysing, accessing, presenting and transferring data between different users, systems and locations

shall link to appropriate standards for information technology and data where possible, and provide a framework for the development of sector - specific applications using geographic data

About ISO/TC211 (continue) increase the understanding and usage of geographic information increase the availability, access, integration, and sharing of geographic information promote the efficient, effective, and economic use of digital geographic information and associated hardware and software system contribute to a unified approach to addressing global ecological and humanitarian problems

increase the understanding and usage of geographic information

increase the availability, access, integration, and sharing of geographic information

promote the efficient, effective, and economic use of digital geographic information and associated hardware and software system

contribute to a unified approach to addressing global ecological and humanitarian problems

About ISO/TC211 (continue) ISO 19101 - Reference model ISO 19102 - Overview (Incorporated into Business Plan) ISO 19103 - Conceptual schema language ISO 19104 - Terminology ISO 19105 - Conformance and testing ISO 19106 - Profiles ISO 19107 - Spatial schema ISO 19108 - Temporal schema ISO 19109 - Rules of application schema ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology ISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers ISO 19113 - Quality principles ISO 19114 - Quality evaluation procedures ISO 19115 - Metadata ISO 19116 - Positioning services ISO 19117 - Portrayal ISO 19118 - Encoding ISO 19119 - Services ISO/TR 19120 - Functional standard + new rev ISO/TR 19121 - Imagery and gridded data ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and certification of personnel ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO 19124 - Imagery and gridded data components ISO 19125 - Simple feature access – SQL option ISO 19126 - Profile – FACC Data Dictionary ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parameters ISO 19128 - Web Map Server Interface ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery and gridded data ISO 19131 - Data product specification ISO 19132 - Location based services possible standards ISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and navigation ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based services for routing and navigation ISO 19135 - Procedures for registration of geographic information items

ISO 19101 - Reference model

ISO 19102 - Overview (Incorporated into Business Plan)

ISO 19103 - Conceptual schema language

ISO 19104 - Terminology

ISO 19105 - Conformance and testing

ISO 19106 - Profiles

ISO 19107 - Spatial schema

ISO 19108 - Temporal schema

ISO 19109 - Rules of application schema

ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology

ISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates

ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers

ISO 19113 - Quality principles

ISO 19114 - Quality evaluation procedures

ISO 19115 - Metadata

ISO 19116 - Positioning services

ISO 19117 - Portrayal

ISO 19118 - Encoding

ISO 19119 - Services

ISO/TR 19120 - Functional standard + new rev

ISO/TR 19121 - Imagery and gridded data

ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and certification of personnel

ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry and functions

ISO 19124 - Imagery and gridded data components

ISO 19125 - Simple feature access – SQL option

ISO 19126 - Profile – FACC Data Dictionary

ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parameters

ISO 19128 - Web Map Server Interface

ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework

ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery and gridded data

ISO 19131 - Data product specification

ISO 19132 - Location based services possible standards

ISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and navigation

ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based services for routing and navigation

ISO 19135 - Procedures for registration of geographic information items

SD-Based Technology

Simple Applications

Behind the Scene Mobile Switching Center Web Hosts/Servers

Who Needs Spatial Data ? Land Records Adjudication Disaster Response Transportation Management Water, gas & electric planning Public Protection Defense Natural Resource Management Telecommunications Infrastructure Economic Development Civic Entrepreneurs Regional Stewards and so many more …

Land Records Adjudication

Disaster Response

Transportation Management

Water, gas & electric planning

Public Protection

Defense

Natural Resource Management

Telecommunications Infrastructure

Economic Development

Civic Entrepreneurs

Regional Stewards

and so many more …

Thank You Q & A and Discussion