The prostate is a part of the male reproductive system, which includes the penis, prostate, and testicles. The prostate is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It is about the size of a walnut and surrounds the urethra (the tube that empties urine from the bladder). The job of the prostate is to produce fluid that makes up a part of semen. As a man ages, the prostate tends to increase in size. This can cause the urethra to narrow and decrease urine flow. This diagram shows the location of the prostate, in front of the rectum and just below the bladder.

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Fitango Education
Health Topics
Prostate Health

2. 1
Overview
The prostate is a part of the male reproductive
system, which includes the penis, prostate, and
testicles. The prostate is located just below the
bladder and in front of the rectum. It is about the
size of a walnut and surrounds the urethra (the
tube that empties urine from the bladder). The job
of the prostate is to produce fluid that makes up a
part of semen. As a man ages, the prostate tends
to increase in size. This can cause the urethra to
narrow and decrease urine flow.

3. 2
Overview
This diagram shows the location of the prostate, in
front of the rectum and just below the bladder.

4. 3
Prostate Screening
Prostate cancer screening means looking for
cancer before it causes symptoms. This helps to
find cancer at an early stage when it may be easier
to treat.
Two tests are commonly used to screen for
prostate cancer—

5. 4
Prostate Screening
-- Digital rectal exam (DRE): A doctor or nurse will
insert a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to
feel the prostate. This allows the examiner to
estimate the size of the prostate and feel for any
lumps or other abnormalities.

6. 5
Prostate Screening
-- Prostate specific antigen test (PSA): The PSA test
is a blood test that measures the level of PSA in the
blood. PSA is a substance made by the prostate.
The levels of PSA in the blood can be higher in men
who have prostate cancer. The PSA level may also
be elevated in other conditions that affect the
prostate.

7. 6
Prostate Screening
As a rule, the higher the PSA level in the blood, the
more likely a prostate problem is present. But
many factors, such as age and race, can affect PSA
levels. Some prostate glands produce more PSA
than others. PSA levels also can be affected by—
-- Certain medical procedures.
-- Certain medications.

8. 7
Prostate Screening
-- An enlarged prostate.
-- A prostate infection.
Because many factors can affect PSA levels, your
doctor is the best person to interpret your PSA test
results.

9. 8
Informed Decisions
**Should I Get Screened for Prostate Cancer?**
CDC and other federal agencies follow the prostate
cancer screening recommendations set forth by
the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which
recommends against PSA-based screeningfor men
that do not have symptoms.

10. 9
Informed Decisions
**Informed Decision Making**
Understanding that men and their doctors may
continue to screen for prostate cancer, CDC
continues to support informed decision making.
Informed decision making occurs when a man—

11. 10
Informed Decisions
**Understands the nature and risk of prostate
cancer**Understands the risks of, benefits of, and
alternatives to screening.
Participates in the decision to be screened or not
at a level he desires.
Makes a decision consistent with his preferences
and values.