Schaffers

Future Internet and Smart Cities – New Approaches to Innovation A quick summary of some FIREBALL results Brussels, 25.01.2012 Hans Schaffers Scientific coordinator of FIREBALL www.fireball4smartcities.eu

FIREBALL in a nutshell
Cities increasingly transform into “innovation ecosystems “ enabling open innovation, driven by ideas, interests, needs and “collective intelligence” of demanding citizens
Cities to experiment the opportunities of the Future Internet – technologies, services, advanced applications - through “living labs” approaches to empowering end-users
FIREBALL brings together Cities, Living Labs and Future Internet stakeholders to explore models and practices of how open innovation and user participation supports the experimentation and uptake of the Future Internet

FIREBALL activities
Smart city vision, landscape
Cases of “smarter cities”
Smart city “innovation ecosystems”
Smart Cities roadmap and action plans
Community building , creation of a Connected Smart Cities network
Portal and web 2.0 tools
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Smarter cities cases
Thessaloniki: Technology districts and broadband deployment, relatively uncoordinated. Governance challenges of digital cities, combining bottom-up and top-down planning; gaps in digital skills, creativity, entrepreneurship
Oulu: Careful ecosystem building and nurturing (triple helix) , supported by diverse ICT systems, may support urban development.
Amsterdam: Enabled by advanced infrastructure, partnerships and co-funded programs lie at the basis of formulating joint smart city strategies and shared innovation agendas.

Smarter cities cases
Helsinki : innovation cluster policy, emphasis on open innovation and citizen participation. Instruments: competitions for innovations, innovation within pre-commercial procurement, living labs pilots, Open Data, public-private partnerships.
Manchester: Neighborhood regeneration as starting point; digital infrastructure, citizen engagement, creation of “virtuous cycles”
Barcelona: urban development policy, main components of the Smart City strategy include Smart districts, living labs initiatives, e-Services, Infrastructures and Open Data.

Barcelona smart city development Leading role of City Hall
Smart city model: Three pillars
Ubiquitous infrastructures
Information from sensors, open data, and citizens
Human capital, actors, communities
Smart city Strategy
Smart Districts : 22@Barcelona, Urban Innovation Lab
Living Lab initiatives : Live, Bdigital, i2Cat, Fablab, Cornella
Infrastructure building : traditional and new. Integration of ICT. From fibre optic to Wi-Fi.
New services to citizens : gov, quality of life, professional
Open data : sensors, open standard, and city platform
SC Management
Creation of networks of actors, organisations, departments
Broadband network and sensor data management
Creation of proof of concepts for systems and applications
Challenges
Demand for human capital and skills
VC funding for innovation
Low global connectivity
Development of triple helix alliances
Collaboration between government departments

Broadband networks
by large companies
ADSL: 24/1 Mb
Fibre optic net: 2,5 Gb
3G-HSDPA: 42 Mb
Wireless: free (municipal nets)
Apps and e-services:
Bottom-up initiatives
City representation
City sectors
City districts
Citizens. Aggregation / collective content
City administration and social services
Location-based services
City infrastructure and utilities
City management
Planning for Smart district
Development of wired and wireless networks
Free Internet to users and business.
Smart environments based on sensors
e-services suitable for the community of each district
Training services for involvement of end-users
Thessaloniki smart city development ICT transforming city activities and ecosystems
Governance challenges:
Three gaps to address
Digital skills gap - TRAINING
Creativity gap – LIVING LABS
Entrepreneurship gap – BUSINESS MODELS

Manchester smart city development Digital strategies and smart environments for urban renewal
Urban regeneration
Since mid-1980s the City Council embarked on city regeneration
Drive economic change through technology
Focus on neighborhood focused action, creative city, and innovation
In 1990s Manchester telematics Partnership
Currently, e-services to address inequalities and digital democracy
Balance of top-down and bottom-up actions
Digital Strategy
Started in 2008 and review in 2011 with respect to EU Digital Agenda and consulting with local stakeholders. Main objectives:
Digital inclusion , generate skills and tackle the divides
Digital industries , new employment, cluster of digital and creative businesses
Digital innovation : working with the future Internet research community to support Manchester as Smart City
Toward Smart City
Flagship initiatives
East Manchester: a regeneration challenge
Eastserve: first Living Lab
Corridor Living lab NGA project
Next generation open access fibre optic network
Principles for Smart Cities
Neighbourhood regeneration as starting point for a smart city
Digital collaborations through Living Labs
Putting people at the heart of the agenda
An inclusive and sustainable approach to digital development
Exemplar projects

Helsinki smart city development Living Labs and new clusters for smart city strategy
A Porterian cluster in mobile technology is emerging in Helsinki.
Clustering strengthens motivation, incentives, innovation, and enables externalities .
The mobile applications cluster is sustaining Helsinki ‘s Smart City strategy
Competitions for Open Data apps as strategy for cluster development
The Helsinki Regions made available public transportation data
Apps4Finland makes data available related to environment and spatial information
Competitions and Living Labs as drivers for the M-cluster development
Factor conditions: Broadband, telecoms, NOKIA, skilled workforce, start-ups Demand conditions : Government demand, banking , transportation, etc Firm strategy : Companies within SMOPEC, global markets, intense local competition Supporting industries : Broadband infrastructure, 3G nets, specialized service providers

Smart Cities lessons learned
Smart city is more an urban strategy than an urban reality. Smart cities will appear through strategic planning, infrastructure development, and numerous bottom-up initiatives.
City hall is sometimes dominant, citizen engagement increasing. Top-down planning and bottom-up initiatives should complement each other.
Widespread use of pilots is preparing cities for initiative, experiment and learning
Districts, neighborhoods, and clusters are fundamental elements of smart city strategy, because the city is a system of systems, and cities co-exist within cities.
A smart city strategy involves all actors, organizations, communities, R&D, NGOs, clusters, and authorities. The partnership strategy should achieve a common vision, flagship projects, collaboration and synergy.
Major challenges for successful smart city strategies deal with skills, creativities, user-driven innovation, entrepreneurship, VC funding, and management of intra-government rivalries.
Lack of evidence on impact and effectiveness of smart city strategies.

Smart city innovation ecologies enabled by access to “common assets”
Future Internet testbeds as technology platforms
Smart cities: policies, application pull, public data, citizens initiatives
Living lab: User-driven playground for co-creating and validating innovative scenarios and services

Examples of developing smart city innovation ecologies
Bretagne : ImaginLab testbed explores advanced applications in living lab setting, offering wide range of services, enabled by advanced infrastructure, based on partnership business model
Oulu: Octopus network, Innovation Kitchen, Open Web Lab, LearnLab, Ubiquitous Oulu and many more
Barcelona: a diverse set of network infrastructures, facilities, initiatives (22@UrbanLab), living labs, projects, planning activities, partnerships
Manchester : advanced infrastructure of open access fibre to premises; support creation of ; co-ownership approaches
ImaginLab Manchester

Simple models for concurrent use of testbed and living labs facilities

Developing into a smart city requires “systemic change”
An innovation roadmap is a tool for creating consensus and understanding about potential futures and about the pathways towards these futures
Understanding smart city dynamic development as “systemic change” requires understanding of interplays and co-evolution regarding technology developments, human behaviours, policies and strategies
Living Labs, policy experiments may act as “niches” where opportunities are provided for limited scale innovation and learning (introduction, use, evaluation, modification -> wider scale adoption)
Present Short term Mid term Long term Urban development Policies and strategies ICT-based solutions Technology development

Building innovation roadmaps for smart cities REGIME Short term (2014) Medium term (2017) Long term (2022) Technological change (Dominant designs, emerging technologies, interoperability) -CLOUD: Virtualisation -CLOUD: IaaS for smart cities -CLOUD: Web platform -CLOUD: SaaS for smart cities - Content-context fusion -CLOUD: PaaS for smart cities -CLOUD: Service integration -IoT: RFID -IoT: Speech recognition -IoT: Open data apps -IoT: Multimodal sensors -IoT: Location aware apps, -IoT: Urban IoT platforms -IoT: Cloud based ontologies -Content-centric networks Industrial change (Networks of technology developers, lobbying, standardisation) -CLOUD: Large companies clouds, Google, MS, Amazon global clouds -CLOUD: Large cities clouds -CLOUD: Standardisation of smart city applications / services -IoT: Sensors into utilities and energy networks -IoT: Alliances of large companies and major cities companies -IoT: Large scale applications Social change (Behaviour, routines, values, preferences, demand, end-users) -CLOUD: Reduction of IT costs -CLOUD: Security issues raised -CLOUD: Disaster management addressed -CLOUD: Continuity of service -CLOUD: Learning curve - IoT: Experimental facilities -IoT: A few city pilots -IoT: Multiple city pilots -IoT: Large scale demand for sensor-based city infrastructure Policy change (Regulations, economic instruments, governance, agreements) -CLOUD: Transition white papers -CLOUD: Preparing to the cloud -CLOUD: Pilots at city levels -CLOUD: Legal and regulatory reform -CLOUD: Whole smart cities on the Cloud NICHES of radical novelties Short term (2014) Medium term (2017) Long term (2022) Technological change -CLOUD: SaaS -CLOUD: IaaS -CLOUD: PaaS -IoT: Experimental facilities -IoT: Open / linked data -IoT: M2M in city environments Industrial change -CLOUD: Private and hybrid clouds -CLOUD: Hosting of G city services -CLOUD: SaaS and PaaS in the main domains of cities -IoT: IPv6 and HTML5 -IoT: Smart gird / smart meters in cities Social change -CLOUD: Pilot city applications in city utilities, districts, and gov -CLOUD: Large scale demand of smart city applications and services -IoT: Sensors for city environment alert -IoT: Embedded city intelligence proof of concept -IoT: Extended demand for sensor over city networks Policy change -CLOUD: Government roadmaps to G services -CLOUD: US reform of IT management -CLOUD: Standards development and adoption -IoT: China encouraging technologies for IoT -IoT: FP8 IoT PPP -IoT: Harmonisation of frequency bands

Challenges
Networks of Future Internet testbed facilities and living labs within and across smart cities and regions may become the backbone of European innovation ecologies and value networks – Horizon 2020
Fort that, capabilities and resources, including experiment facilities , user oriented methodologies, service offerings and collaboration models enabling access and use of facilities and services should evolve
Smart Cities are environments to experiment technologies and applications, however the potential for business creation and entrepreneurship should be stimulated (e.g. DAIR, Canada)
Open innovation and citizen empowerment requires finding new balances between top-down steering and bottom-up initiative
What does it mean, being a “smart city”, in terms of value created for citizens - impact matters, however there is a lack of evidence showing impact, how would we achieve and measure the impact and value added of smart city initiatives?

Call for Papers: Smart Applications for Smart Cities: New Approaches to Innovation
Special issue of the Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
Guest Editors: Hans Schaffers, Carlo Ratti and Nicos Komninos
Full paper submission: 1 May 2012

Schaffers

by fireball4smartcities on Feb 06, 2012

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