Delivering accessible content from Social Semantic Information Sources through Adaptive Hypermedia Filip Maciej Czaja Filip Maciej Czaja [email_address] SemInf, 23.05.2007

Presentation outline Informal Knowledge Social Semantic Information Sources (SSIS) Accessibility and WAI Initiative Adaptive Hypermedia (AH) SSIS as dataset for AH Future work

Informal Knowledge

Social Semantic Information Sources (SSIS)

Accessibility and WAI Initiative

Adaptive Hypermedia (AH)

SSIS as dataset for AH

Future work

Motivation Many information sources are not fully exploited. Access to the web is still hard for disabled people. Interesting adaptive hypermedia techniques work only on prepared datasets. Semantic information is often omitted in content adaptation process.

Many information sources are not fully exploited.

Access to the web is still hard for disabled people.

Interesting adaptive hypermedia techniques work only on prepared datasets.

Semantic information is often omitted in content adaptation process.

Informal knowledge Over 70% of our knowledge comes from informal sources Everybody use them Not well structured No extensive documentation Example: wikis, blogs, youtube, ...

Over 70% of our knowledge comes from informal sources

Everybody use them

Not well structured

No extensive documentation

Example: wikis, blogs, youtube, ...

Social Semantic Information Sources Compilation of Semantic Web and social networking Combine advantages of Web 2.0 and SW Resources and people related to the resources are linked together Semantic plugins available for most popular blogging frameworks, wikis, etc. Common examples: semantic wikis, semantic blogs, semantic digital libraries (JeromeDL)

Compilation of Semantic Web and social networking

Combine advantages of Web 2.0 and SW

Resources and people related to the resources are linked together

Semantic plugins available for most popular blogging frameworks, wikis, etc.

Common examples: semantic wikis, semantic blogs, semantic digital libraries (JeromeDL)

Model of SSIS Common components between SSIS: Content Traditional content description (title, authors, ... ) Semantic description (semantic metadata) Semantic annotations Aspect of user's collaboration SIOC ontology for modelling SSIS

Common components between SSIS:

Content

Traditional content description (title, authors, ... )

Semantic description (semantic metadata)

Semantic annotations

Aspect of user's collaboration

SIOC ontology for modelling SSIS

Main SIOC terms

Accessibility Many various aspects of “accessibility” What kind of accessibility do we mean? Real life accessibility aspects: Transportation Housing ... Most common aspect of accessibility in Web: making the use of Web resources possible for disabled people

Many various aspects of “accessibility”

What kind of accessibility do we mean?

Real life accessibility aspects:

Transportation

Housing

...

Most common aspect of accessibility in Web: making the use of Web resources possible for disabled people

Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Introduced by World Wide Consortium (W3C) WAI aims at improving Web accessibility by developing the following products: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG)

Introduced by World Wide Consortium (W3C)

WAI aims at improving Web accessibility by developing the following products:

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG)

User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG)

WAI components diagram

WAI vs. Rich Internet Applications Rich Internet applications: DHTML, AJAX, ... Accessibility problems because of the (X)HTML limitations Rich content not accessible for screen readers Beauty & Usability & Innovation vs. Accessibility WAI works on guidelines for Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) providing information about user interface controls to assistive technologies Roles, properties and states Easy to apply

Rich Internet applications:

DHTML, AJAX, ...

Accessibility problems because of the (X)HTML limitations

Rich content not accessible for screen readers

Beauty & Usability & Innovation vs. Accessibility

WAI works on guidelines for Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA)

providing information about user interface controls to assistive technologies

Roles, properties and states

Easy to apply

Adaptive hypermedia Regular hypermedia structure base on large set of documents (text, media, etc.) linked together. Adaptive hypermedia: Concept of AH does not introduce any revolutionary technology Techniques for adaptive content presentation and navigation based on model of the user AH Techniques designed mostly for specially prepared hypermedia content (additional annotations, many variants of the same concept, etc.)

Regular hypermedia structure base on large set of documents (text, media, etc.) linked together.

Adaptive hypermedia:

Concept of AH does not introduce any revolutionary technology

Techniques for adaptive content presentation and navigation based on model of the user

AH Techniques designed mostly for specially prepared hypermedia content (additional annotations, many variants of the same concept, etc.)

Adaptive hypermedia systems “ By adaptive hypermedia systems we mean all hypertext and hyper-media systems which respect some features of the user in the user model and apply this model to adapt various visible aspects of the system to the user.” Peter Brusilovsky 3 basic criteria for AH systems: work on hypertext or hypermedia dataset use a user model as a source of information about user's needs and preferences should be able to adapt the data it works on (hypertext/hypermedia dataset) to user's needs according to the information extracted from user's mode

“ By adaptive hypermedia systems we mean all hypertext and hyper-media systems which respect some features of the user in the user model and apply this model to adapt various visible aspects of the system to the user.”

Peter Brusilovsky

3 basic criteria for AH systems:

work on hypertext or hypermedia dataset

use a user model as a source of information about user's needs and preferences

should be able to adapt the data it works on (hypertext/hypermedia dataset) to user's needs according to the information extracted from user's mode

Adaptive Hypermedia: user model Most common aspects used while modelling user in Adaptive Hypermedia systems:

Most common aspects used while modelling user in Adaptive Hypermedia systems:

Adaptable elements and methods Presentation additional explanation prerequisite/comparative explanations explanation variants sorting Navigation global guidance local guidance global orientation support local orientation support managed personalized views

Presentation

additional explanation

prerequisite/comparative explanations

explanation variants

sorting

Navigation

global guidance

local guidance

global orientation support

local orientation support

managed personalized views

Adaptive Hypermedia Challenges How to use existing information sources, which are not prepared for AH purposes? How to convince authors to put extra effort? Use of Adaptive Hypermedia in case of: systems without limited, predefined set of tasks fuzzy and constantly changing goals User modelling related issues: defining goals, knowledge, ... gathering data keeping data up to date

How to use existing information sources, which are not prepared for AH purposes?

How to convince authors to put extra effort?

Use of Adaptive Hypermedia in case of:

systems without limited, predefined set of tasks

fuzzy and constantly changing goals

User modelling related issues:

defining goals, knowledge, ...

gathering data

keeping data up to date

SSIS as dataset for AH Possible use of existing information sources in AH systems without any manual data transformation Which AH techniques can we use to improve browsing of SSIS (presentation, navigation, ...)? Content is not prepared for AH purposes but contains semantic information Reasoning over semantic metadata and annotations used for AH purposes: comparative explanation additional information explanation variants ...

Possible use of existing information sources in AH systems without any manual data transformation

Which AH techniques can we use to improve browsing of SSIS (presentation, navigation, ...)?

Content is not prepared for AH purposes but contains semantic information

Reasoning over semantic metadata and annotations used for AH purposes:

comparative explanation

additional information

explanation variants

...

IKAR – Informal Knowledge Adapter Prototype for adaptation of presentation of SSIS content Part of Didaskon eLearning Framework Didaskon prepares content of SSIS basing on their semantic annotations and common structure Content of SSIS delivered as Learning Object Metadata (LOM standard) User modelling basing on FOAFRealm component Adheres to WAI guidelines

Prototype for adaptation of presentation of SSIS content

Part of Didaskon eLearning Framework

Didaskon prepares content of SSIS basing on their semantic annotations and common structure

Content of SSIS delivered as Learning Object Metadata (LOM standard)

User modelling basing on FOAFRealm component

Adheres to WAI guidelines

IKAR: idea and techniques Uses AH Strechtext technique for providing additional explanation 3 classes of links:known, unknown and external Default adaptation: Known links collapsed Unknown links expanded 2 display modes: regular (additional explanations injected into content) sidenotes mode Accessibility WAI-ARIA guidelines applied: roles, properties and states Automatic content transformation according to WCAG 1.0

Uses AH Strechtext technique for providing additional explanation

3 classes of links:known, unknown and external

Default adaptation:

Known links collapsed

Unknown links expanded

2 display modes:

regular (additional explanations injected into content)

sidenotes mode

Accessibility

WAI-ARIA guidelines applied: roles, properties and states

Automatic content transformation according to WCAG 1.0

IKAR: default adaptation example

IKAR: sidenotes mode example

Future work Possible use of other AH techniques, also for navigation. Improvement of Accessibility Adaptation engine. Applying SSIS to real life eLearning scenarios as support or extension for formal knowledge

Possible use of other AH techniques, also for navigation.

Improvement of Accessibility Adaptation engine.

Applying SSIS to real life eLearning scenarios as support or extension for formal knowledge