NCKU VP Feng : Global Brain Movement: An Asia- Pacific Perspective

Slide 1: 馮達旋 Da Hsuan Feng Global Brain Movement: An Asia- Pacific Perspective

Slide 2: “If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.” 你假如要了解今天 , 你必需要追尋昨天 賽珍珠 Pearl S. Buck

Slide 3: What are our challenges﹖ • We need history as our anchor • We need to understand Chengda’s position in the Asia Pacific context and global context • We need to understand Taiwan in the Asia Pacific context and global context

Slide 4: Breaking News!!

Slide 5: Entrepreneur Task Force for Asia Pacific (ETAP) for Incubator Center for Southern Taiwan Science Park • Michael Devlin, Co-founder and Managing Partner, Pharos Funds, a $500 Million VC firm • Oliver Cheng, CEO and President of Aurora Imaging Technology Inc, a $50 million annual revenue medical device corporation and former investment banker

Slide 6: A small test • Keep right • Keep left • Keep right and keep left

Slide 7: My Family

Slide 8: Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum today

Slide 9: 57 ye ars late r Asia Pacific then Asia Pacific now How much water has passed under the bridge

Slide 10: Augustus D. Julliard founded Julliard School of Music in 1924 My mo the r 謝佩貞 one of the first Chinese women students of this institution.

Slide 11: NYU Law School Paul Feng ( 馮國禎 ) JD 1937 Ian Feng ( 馮亦恆 ) JD 2009

Slide 13: History of universities My discussion will be science and technology centric, but I am confident that it is more generic than specific

Slide 14: 孔夫子 Confucius 5 5 1 B C – 4 7 9 BC 孔子一生從事教育事 業，相傳有賢弟子 七十二人 , 弟子三 千人

Slide 15: 成均館大學 – founded 1398 as an institution to promote Confucius canon

Slide 16: From 10 Century to Renaissance 十世紀到文藝復興 University of Bologna 1088 Oxford University 1096

Slide 17: Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries.

Slide 18: Before Renaissance, Asia Pacific, especially China, led the world in science and technology.

Slide 19: Crab Nabula 1054 (observed by Chinese astronomers)

Slide 20: 鄭和 ( 馬三寶 ) Cheng He 1371-1433 Eunuch 哥倫布 Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

Slide 21: 吳京部長

Slide 22: Time Asia Edition 2001 8/21-27 Special Edition

Slide 24: Re nais s anc e and unive rs itie s

Slide 25: Re nais s anc e Rise of the European intellectual powerhouse in modern scientific methodologies

Slide 26: 牛頓 Isaac Newton (b. 1643) 1667: Fellow of Trinity College in 1669: Lucasian Professor of Mathematics Francis Bacon (d. 1626) Fellow of Trinity College

Slide 27: Galilei Galileo 伽利略 (d. 1642) 1589 Chair of mathematics University of Pisa

Slide 28: 大清 • Qing dynasty started in 1644 • One year after the birth of Sir Isaac Newton • Two years after the death of Galilei Galileo

Slide 29: 19 c e ntury • Not surprising, European universities, with several hundred years of Renaissance as their underpinnings, became the envy of the world in their intellectual, especially technological supremacy.

Slide 30: In my opinion, one of the greatest scientific and technological achievements in the19 century is the introduction to mankind the Maxwell equations!

Slide 31: Sir James Clark Maxwell (1831-1879) Another member of Cambridge University Trinity College

Slide 32: Maxwell 1831 - 1879 Chopin 1810 - 1849

Slide 33: Maxwell Equations Chopin Nocturne

Slide 34: Maxwellian and Newtonian science developed what we now refer to as theoretical sciences…This was an area where European universities absolutely excel and Asia Pacific intellectual communities, under reclusive Qing dynasty, did not develop. Japanese under Minji Restoration absorbed this totally!

Slide 35: First half of 20 century

Slide 36: First half of the 20 century: USA and North America was a secured castle with a moat ( 護城河 ) known as Pacific Ocean ( 太 平洋 ) and Atlantic Ocean ( 大西洋 )

Slide 37: 珍珠港 1941

Slide 38: Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto 山本五十六 • I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve

Slide 39: With the “moat ( 護城 河 ),” US research universities became powerhouses in the 20 century

Slide 40: Albert Einstein 1879-1955 John von Neumann Herman Weyl 1903-1957 1885-1955

Slide 41: Eugene Wigner 1902-1995 Enrico Fermi 1901-1954 Edward Teller 1908-2003 Theodore von Kármán 1881 - 1963

Slide 42: The Dutch Boys: Uhlenbeck, Kramers, Goudsmit at the University of Michigan 1928 Rockefeller University

Slide 43: Supreme excellence !

Slide 44: Asian universities in the end of 19th century and the first half of the 20th century

Slide 45: Meiji Restoration 明治維新 (1868-1912) Move Capitol from Kyoto to Tokyo Increase wealth 富國 Built a military power 強兵 Create great universities (Imperial University of Tokyo and Imperial Kyoto University)

Slide 46: Japan: Yukawa, Nobel 1949 Tomonaga, Nobel 1965 Kyoto University Columbia University

Slide 47: 李政道 楊振寧 (T D Lee and C N Yang) The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957 From 3rd world mentality to 1st world mentality Confidence

Slide 48: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru जवाहरलाल नेहर First Prime Minister of India

Slide 49: “If China and India hold together, the future of Asia is assured.“ Nehru to Paul Feng on January 19,1946 Manoj Das “Forging an Asian identity.” It was published in The Hindu on January 7, 2001

Slide 50: \"because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West“ Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) Nobel in literature 1913

Slide 51: C. V. Raman (1888 – 1970) Nobel laureate 1930 FIRST ASIAN TO WIN THE NOBEL PRIZE IN SCIENCE

Slide 52: Indian Institute of Science • Raman was distinguished professor • Premier graduate research university in India

Slide 53: C. V. Raman NEVER studied in the West!

Slide 54: P e kin g Un ive rs ity 北京大學 北京大学 • Cai Yuan Pei ( 校長 1916-1927) • Hu Shi ( 校長 1945-1948)

Slide 55: London SJTU Times Rank Rank Hong Kong Univ Sci & Tech 203-304 53 University of Hong Kong 203-304 18 Chinese University of Hong Kong 203-304 38 Peking Univ (Mainland) 203-304 36 Tsing Hua University (Mainland) 151-202 62 National University of Singapore 101-152 33 Nanyang Technological University 305-402 69 National Taiwan University 151-202 102 Not ranked National Cheng Kung University 305-402 University of Tokyo 20 17 Kyoto University 22 25

Slide 56: “Indeed, with Cai’s leadership, PKU became not just the soul of Chinese universities, but in fact Chinese history and culture of the 20 century. How do we measure the “intangible impact” of PKU on the culture of China, with Bai-Hua ( 白話 modern Chinese) movement, May 4th movement ( 五四運動 ,) and so on. Is it even logical to consider that PKU is not a “World Class University” when it has profound impact on Chinese culture, with nearly quarter humanity, for a century?” DHF at SJTU Conference 2006

Slide 57: Teller---- 楊振寧 Goudsmit--- 吳大猶 Theodore von Kármán --- 錢學森

Slide 58: Lesson learned for USA Boxer rebellion 義和團運動

Slide 60: Of the EIGHT countries who received reparations, ONLY USA utilized the money to build education infrastructure in China and set up scholarships for the brightest to study in the West Someone in the Government understood making good public policy. • Construct Tsinghua University, today unquestionably one of the best in Mainland and Taiwan • Send the brightest to the west.

Slide 61: Bill Boeing. He hired (1916) Tsu Wong as the company's first aeronautical engineer to replace Boeing's original business partner, Conrad Westerveldt. An engineering graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tsu Wong became the first chief engineer at Boeing. Phil Condit, Boeing CEO, NAE Speech in 1997

Slide 62: Boeing (1916-1917) 1916 As a Chief Engineer of Pacific Aero Products Company 1917 Success of B&W-C seaplane Portrait in Seattle Pacific Aero Products Company in 1916

Slide 63: 7. Tsoo Wong and Hsue-Shen Tsien (1934-1947) 1934 Tsoo Wong was instructor of Hsue-Shen Tsien 1940 Tsoo Wong requested Tsien return to China to fulfil former Boxer Rebellion scholarship 1947 Tsien and Ying Jiang got married at Shanghai 1947 Tsien and Tsoo Wong

Slide 64: Another great lesson: Rockefeller Foundation Founded Peking Union Medical College

Slide 65: Se c ond half of 20th c e ntury A half century of limited wars and peace….

Slide 66: Recognition of the fundamental importance of public policy ( 公共政策 ) of the development of knowledge Lesson learn fot Asian Universities

Slide 67: Vannevar Bush 1890 – 1974

Slide 68: Vannevar Bush recommended the creation of what would eventually become in 1950 the National Science Foundation (NSF)

Slide 69: The Indian government has announced it will set up a world-class National Science and Engineering Research Foundation at a cost of ten billion rupees (US$230 million). It is expected to function similarly to the National Science Foundation in the United States. Natural Science Foundation of China

Slide 70: California Master Plan for Higher Education -- 1971 • Chancellor Clark Kerr and Governor Edmund Brown

Slide 71: 1980 Bayh-Dole Act • …gave US universities, small businesses and non-profits intellectual property control of their inventions that resulted from federal government-funded research

Slide 72: 2 1 Ce ntury

Slide 73: Nixon and Zhou holding hands on February 21, 1972

Slide 74: One handshake became the genesis to remove RED MENANCE: Wealth is generated in Asia Pacific

Slide 75: With wealth, comes universities of high quality

Slide 76: Purdue and NCKU in the 60’s

Slide 77: With wealth, comes hightech industries • Samsung • LG • TSMC • Chi-Mei • Huawei Technology • Delta Electronics • ……

Slide 78: Morris Chang Ph.D. Stanford

Slide 80: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur • MIT • UC Berkeley • Cal Tech • Princeton University • Carnegie Tech • U of Michigan • Ohio State University • Case Institute • Purdue

Slide 81: General George Marshall (1880 – 1959)

Slide 82: A century of Marshall-plan like effort from the US for Asia Without recognition!

Slide 83: Summary

Slide 84: Thomas Friedman THE WORLD IS FLAT

Slide 85: What are our challenges﹖ • We need history as our anchor • We need to understand Chengda’s position • We need to understand Taiwan in the Asia Pacific context and global context

Slide 86: Todai Taida Kyodai Chengda

Slide 90: • High Tech (CERN, IBM Zurich, WHO,… • World Class Universities (ETH) • Neutral site

Slide 91: 亞洲

Slide 93: Charles Dickens 狄根斯 1812 - 1870

Slide 94: 雙城記 A Tale of Two Cities

Slide 95: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way--in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.”

Slide 96: “ 时时 那是最美好的 代，那是最糟糕的 头头 代；那是智慧的年 ，那是愚昧的年 时怀时 ；那是信仰的 期，那是 疑的 期； 节节 那是光明的季 ，那是黑暗的季 ；那 们 是希望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我 们 全都在直奔天堂，我 全都在直奔相反 的方向 - - 简时现 而言之，那 跟 在非常 嚣权坚 相象，某些最喧 的 威 持要用形容 词级说 的最高 来形容它。 它好，是最高 级说级 它不好，也是最高 的。 的； .”

Slide 97: How could Dickens write about our era in such vivid manner?